scholarly journals Disparities in the Use of Immunization Services Among Underserved Minority Patient Populations and the Role of Pharmacy Technicians: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Pattin
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Minority Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Government Websites

Objective: To provide a review of the issues surrounding the lack of use of immunizations and immunization services among underserved minority patients and outline the role of pharmacy technicians in facilitating the utilization of vaccination services. Data Sources: Articles were identified through searches in May 2017 using MEDLINE/PubMed (1946-2017) with the following search terms: pharmacy technicians, immunizations, and pharmacy-based immunization services. Articles were also identified utilizing search terms such as “immunization disparities.” Additionally, immunization data and vaccination resources from government websites such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Department of Health and Human Services were used. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles and reports that discuss the challenges and barriers associated with use of vaccinations in minority patient populations were considered for inclusion. Additionally, literature that report challenges in community pharmacy where pharmacy-based immunization services provide less vaccinations to minority patients compared to other patient populations were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Cross-sectional studies that provide insight into vaccine disparities were reviewed. Roles for pharmacy technicians are highlighted that include nurturing relationships with their patients and engaging patients about vaccines during service provision. Conclusions: Pharmacy personnel, including pharmacy technicians, are in a position to reduce barriers associated with disparities in the uptake of immunization services in the community pharmacy setting.

scholarly journals Work-related stress, associated comorbidities and stress causes in French community pharmacies: a nationwide cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3973 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Balayssac ◽  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
Julie Virot ◽  
Céline Lambert ◽  
Aurore Collin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Related Stress

Background Like other health professionals, community pharmacists are exposed to stress factors (being efficient, avoiding mistakes and bearing emotional load), but they are also under the pressure of entrepreneurial responsibilities. The main objective was to assess the level of work-related stress in French community pharmacies. The other objectives of the study were to assess the associated comorbidities and causes of work-related stress. Methods This observational cross-sectional study was sent to all French community pharmacies by email. The survey was anonymous and designed to collect the following items: socio-demographic factors, professional status, characteristics of community pharmacy, work-related stress (visual analogic scale—VAS), fatigue (VAS), sleep disturbances (questions), anxiety and depression symptoms (hospital anxiety and depression scale), medical consultation for work-related stress, medication use for work related stress, psychoactive drug-use and causes of work-related stress. Participants were included in the survey if they were pharmacists (owner or assistant) or pharmacy technicians working in a community pharmacy at the time of the survey. Exclusion criteria were defined as follows: pharmacy students or other professionals involved in a community pharmacy (e.g. dietician, beautician) and lack of professional status information. There was no age limitation. Results After three months of data collection, 1,339 participants answered the survey and 1,272 participants were included in conformity with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and to avoid missing data on the primary endpoint. Work-related stress was detected in 32.8% (417/1,272) of individuals (scores ≥70/100). Men were significantly more affected than women and there was no difference between professional statuses and no relation with the age of the participants. Work-related stress was significantly associated with anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, medical consultations, medication use, alcohol consumption above the WHO recommendations for men and psychoactive drug use. Three causes of stress were clearly identified and related to stress levels, workload, working atmosphere and deterioration of work quality. However, causes of work-related stress were significantly different among professionals, for example: entrepreneurial burden for pharmacists-in-charge and workload for employees (assistant pharmacists and pharmacy technicians). Discussion Work-related stress has a very strong impact in French community pharmacies. This stress was associated with several comorbidities and induces health resource consumption. Several causes of work-related stress have been identified such as workload, working atmosphere and deterioration of work quality; however, these causes could be detected and managed to improve stress levels. We recommend developing individual and organizational stress management in French community pharmacies.

scholarly journals The Hidden Role of Community Pharmacy Technicians in Ensuring Patient Safety with the Use of E-Prescribing

Pharmacy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmilola Odukoya ◽  
Loren Schleiden ◽  
Michelle Chui
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians

Relationship Of Knowledge, Motivation Of Mother And The Role Of Health Workers With Gift Basic Immunization For Infants In The Work Area Of UPT Puskesmas M

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Nova Pahria Sari ◽  
Ridha Hayati ◽  
M. Bahrul Ilmi
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One of the programs in improving health status through immunization. Nationally, more than 90% immunization coverage has been achieved by Indonesia. However, there are still many areas that are difficult to reach immunization services and low immunization coverage. The purpose. of this study is to. analyze the relationship between knowledge, motivation of mothers & role health workers with gift basic immunization for infants  in work area UPT Puskesmas M. This study was an observational analytic type with a cross sectional approach. Samples in this study 86 respondents, namely mothers who have children aged 10-24 months. instrument used for collect data of a study is questions and processing result with statistic chi- square. On the results of a study it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge with basic immunization enough (48,8%), and high motivation of mothers (51,2%) with basic immunization, and for role health workers with gift basic immunization good category (100%). On the results of a study Expected UPT Puskesmas M can improve programs that are promotive and preventive in matters relating to immunization.

scholarly journals TB-diabetes comorbidity and associated factors in Maekel Zone, Eritrea: A cross sectional study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenawi Zeramariam Araia ◽  
Amanuel Hadgu Mebrahtu ◽  
Adiam Ghebreyohanns Tewelde ◽  
Araia Berhane Mesfun ◽  
Randa Osma Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Data Extraction Tool ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Treatment Register

Abstract Background : In Eritrea, no study document the true burden of TB-diabetes comorbidity. However, diabetes has been constantly increasing with a prevalence of 3.4 %. Similarly, even though TB notification is showing a declining trend the prevalence is 123/100,000 population. With an increasing diabetes trend, the country is at higher risk of rising TB-diabetes comorbidity which can further complicate TB care, control and prevention activities. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of diabetes among pulmonary positive TB patients and its influencing factors in Maekel zone, Eritrea. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study conducted in all (11) TB diagnostic and treatment sites of Maekel zone. All consecutive pulmonary positive TB cases who were registered during the period of 2015-2018 in the national TB treatment register and were eligible included in the analysis. Pretested data extraction tool was used to collect the required information. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 23. Simple frequencies, percentages and means were used to describe the data. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis was also performed. Results: A total of 490 pulmonary positive TB cases were eligible for the study and the overall prevalence of diabetes among pulmonary positive TB cases was 4.3%. Univariate logistic regression showed that participants with an older age (45-90) were more likely to have TB-diabetes comorbidity (COR: 4.397[CI: 1.675-11.545], p<0.01) than those aged 10-44 years old. In addition, subjects whose weight was 65kg and above were more likely (COR: 7.647[CI: 1.965-29.758], p<0.01) to have TB- diabetes comorbidity than those with lower body weight. Conclusion: TB-diabetes comorbidity observed in this study is low but given the growing diabetes trend in the country, an integrated TB-DM services should be given regularly on full scale at all health facilities.

scholarly journals The Community Pharmacy Technician’s Role in the Changing Pharmacy Practice Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Brooke Taylor ◽  
Bella Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Technician ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Medication Information ◽  
Article Type ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

Purpose: The practice of pharmacy and role of pharmacists has evolved over the decades but markedly since the introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010. The ACA allowed patients to have increased access to community pharmacy services, such as medication therapy management, leading to an increase in the clinical services provided by pharmacists. This expansion of pharmacist’s roles has led to pharmacists to feel an increase in workload which negatively impacts the time spent with patients. One way for this shift to occur without continuing to increase the pharmacist’s workload is by using technicians as pharmacist extenders to take on more technical tasks. Summary: The role of pharmacy technicians has been slow to expand from fear of public safety due to the lack of required education and training. Today, state requirements to practice as a pharmacy technician have become stricter with state requiring licensing, registration or certification. This increase in requirements as led to the expansion of pharmacy technician duties. Studies show that pharmacy technicians are able to perform technician accuracy checking, provide immunization and perform Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-waived screenings. In addition to these duties, pharmacy technicians are being utilized in more novel ways such as collecting medication information in primary care and telepharmacy settings. Conclusion: In order for pharmacy to continue to grow as a profession, pharmacists need to use pharmacy technicians as extenders. As pharmacy technicians begin to take on more of the technical duties, pharmacists are able to increase the time spent with patients.   Article Type: Commentary

Are NCI-designated cancer centers websites linguistically accessible?

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18078-e18078
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Rodriguez ◽  
Roger B Davis ◽  
Ryan David Nipp ◽  
Beverly Moy ◽  
Sanja Percac-Lima
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Trial Participation ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Scraping ◽  
Language Accessibility ◽  
Website Content

e18078 Background: The digital divide has shifted from disparities in internet access to disparities in content and design. Technology overlooks limited English proficient (LEP) patients, resulting in a lack of translated online content, possibly increasing disparities in cancer prevention, treatment and clinical trial participation. We sought to determine the language accessibility for the websites of the NCI-Designated CC. Methods: In January 2017, we performed a cross-sectional review of the language accessibility of NCI-Designated CC homepages using manual review and informatics methods (i.e., web scraping). Web scraping automates data extraction from online content. The primary outcomes were presence of translated content, number of languages available and method of translation defined as no translation, Google Translate (GT) or manual translation. Manual translation was categorized as limited (few phrases), moderate (1 webpage) or full ( > 1 webpage or entire site). We used logistic regression to assess the relationship between translated website content and CC county demographics: percent LEP, median income and percent of households with an internet subscription. We performed Spearman Rank Correlation by ranking translation effort: no translation, GT, limited, moderate and full translation. Results: Of 69 NCI-Designated CC websites, 54 (78.3%) were without translation, 12 (17.4%) were manually translated and 3 (4.3%) used GT. Of 12 manually translated websites, 6 had fully, 4 had moderate and 2 had limited translations. Of 16 languages offered, Spanish was the most common (100%), followed by Chinese (50%) and Arabic (33%). We found no significant increase in the odds of having a translated website as related to LEP population, median income or percent of households with internet subscription by CC county. There was no correlation between the translation effort and LEP population, internet subscription or median income by CC county. Conclusions: We found that most NCI-Designated CC offered no translations of their website content. Despite cancer health disparities and the increasing role of health technology, the NCI-Designated CC websites currently remain inaccessible to LEP patients.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF COMMUNITY SETUP IN PHARMACEUTICAL CARE: CURRENT CHALLENGES, PERCEPTION, FACTS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN PAKISTAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Huma Ali ◽  
Farya Zafar ◽  
Shazia Alam ◽  
Neelam Mallick ◽  
Hina Hasnain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A qualitative, cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted to evaluate the integration of community setup in pharmaceutical care with respect to current challenges, awareness/perception of individuals from various walks of life, related facts and opportunities which are contextual to local settings in Karachi, Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, a qualitative study, was conducted between May–November 2015. A questionnaire was designed using 15 close ended and 5 open-ended questions. And validated using correlation of spearman coefficient and Cronbach’s α value (α = 0.916 and <em>p</em> = 0.941). Local residents, pharmacist, medical practitioners, and pharmacy technicians were selected as study participants. Informed consents of all respondents were obtained prior to the participation.<strong> </strong>SPSS 20.0 was utilized and results were calculated with respect to percentages of responses and mean scores. Chi-square test was used to analyze the problems associated in effective implementation and integration of community pharmacy practices in Pakistan. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rate of response in the various cohort were in the order of 76%, 94%, 71% and 83% for local residents, pharmacist, physicians and pharmacy technicians respectively. Community pharmacy knowledge and beliefs mean scores were correspondingly found to be 1.971.83, 1.457.44, 2.842.10 and 2.385.54 for doctors, pharmacist, residents and technicians respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant difference in the level of perception was observed amongst the professionals and local resident’s cohort, which necessitates the effective and better execution of community residents counseling and more stringent implementation of health care facilities at the community level to improve the medication and health outcomes of related inhabitants.</p>

scholarly journals Facilitating integration of regulated pharmacy technicians into community pharmacy practice in Ontario: Results of an exploratory study

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Salameh ◽  
Daniel Yeung ◽  
Natali Surkic ◽  
Paul Gregory ◽  
Zubin Austin
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Community Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians

Background: The integration of regulated pharmacy technicians (RPTs) into community pharmacy practice was intended to relieve pharmacists of certain technical duties to facilitate greater provision of direct patient care services, commensurate with expanded scope of practice. There is scant data available regarding the success, value and impact of RPT integration, either in Canada or in other jurisdictions. Methods: Pharmacists and RPTs working in community practices were interviewed. Qualitative data were categorized using an iterative coding process to identify themes related to barriers and facilitators to integrating and optimizing the role of the RPT in community practice in Ontario. Results: A total of 16 RPTs and 12 pharmacists were interviewed from community sites in Ontario. Strategies for facilitating successful integration of RPTs into daily workflow were identified, based on 4 major themes: environmental factors, interpersonal factors, professional identity formation and innovative use of delegation. Interpretation: Integration of RPTs into community practice is complex and requires careful management, planning, training and follow-up to ensure attainment of objectives. Simply hiring RPTs and placing them into existing workflow patterns is generally not a successful implementation strategy. Conclusions: Implementation strategies identified through this study can provide employers, managers, pharmacists and RPTs with opportunities to enhance RPT integration and optimize the role of both pharmacists and RPTs in community practice.

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