scholarly journals Survey of Available Information on the Risks and Contraindications of Oral Hormonal Contraceptives on Higher Education Websites

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4939-4939
Author(s):  
Princess Diana Sarmiento ◽  
Mervyn A. Sahud ◽  
Edward C.C. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Family History ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Contraceptive Pills

Abstract Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders after myocardial infarction and stroke. Primary manifestations include deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, which are often preventable and often underdiagnosed. Patients with inherited thrombophilia or family history of VTE are at increased risk for VTE. Acquired VTE risk factors include the use of oral hormonal contraceptives, such as combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) containing estrogen and progestin. Women with a family history of VTE are advised not to take COCPs; possible alternatives include use of progestin-only contraceptive pills or non-oral contraceptive methods. Currently it is unknown if young women at college are given information regarding this potential risk when seeking oral contraceptives. Thus, higher education websites can provide a potential venue to promote awareness of this risk. In this study, we reviewed a sample of higher education websites in the US to assess availability of information on oral hormonal contraceptives and their risks for young women. Methods: US higher education institutions for this survey and categorized into 5 major types: community colleges, liberal arts institutions, private for-profit institutions, public non-profit institutions, and private non-profit institutions; 25 institutions from each category were included for analysis. The study was conducted using the Google search terms "birth control pills," "oral contraceptive pills," OR plus the university name. Mention of contraindications, risk factors, and blood clot warnings was noted for each website and categorized as to whether the information appeared on the institution's webpage or as a link to an external reference source. Information listed was further classified by risk factors and contraindications mentioned. Results: A total of 125 US higher education institution websites were assessed. Eighteen (14.4%) of the 125 offered information on COCP-related clotting risks. Community colleges and private, for-profit institutions had no information on birth control available either on their webpage or through an external link. Only 3 of 25 (12%) liberal arts institutions discussed clotting risk information. Five of the 25 (20%) public, nonprofit institutions surveyed provided information on their student webpages; three of these 5 offering information through their website as well as through a link to an external website. Of the private, non-profit institutions surveyed, 2 (8%) provided information through their institution's website and 4 (16%) provided information through external sources. Regarding contraindications, 2 (8%) liberal arts schools provided information on their website only, identical to the percentages seen with private and public non-profit institutions. Additionally, 4 (16%) private non-profit universities and 2 (8%) public, non-profit institutions provided information only through external sources. Two (8%) public non-profit institutions provided information both on their website and through external links. Overall, only 6 (4.8%) of the 125 institutions described family history or inherited prothrombotic blood disorder as a potential contraindication or risk factor for COCP-related clotting, all 6 of which were public or private non-profit institutions. Conclusion: The results of this study raise the question of whether higher education institutions are providing the appropriate risk and contraindication information for women considering oral contraceptives as a birth control method. This suggests that there is an opportunity for more birth control education to be provided by higher education institutions. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Sarmiento: Quest Diagnostics: Current Employment. Sahud: Quest Diagnostics: Current Employment. Wong: Quest Diagnostics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company.

scholarly journals Myocardial infarction associated with oral contraceptive use, smoking and elevated cholesterol level in a young patient

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (36) ◽  
pp. 1447-1449
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Krasznai ◽  
Péter Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills

Oral hormonal contraceptives are the safest methods for young patients to avoid unwanted pregnancy. They are well accepted and have certain beneficial effects; however, physicians should pay attention to risk factors even when applied in young age. Obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking and oral contraceptive pills alone or in combination may lead to serious adverse events. Authors present a young woman who developed acute myocardial infarction in association with several unconsidered risk factors including the use of contraceptive pills. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1447–1449.

The Diverse US Higher Education System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
System P

The American higher education system consists of over 4,700 institutions educating over twenty-one million students. The most striking feature of this system is its diversity. There is no “typical college.” Much of the story about the future of America’s four-year higher education institutions is found in their differences, not their similarities. Schools are public and private, large and small, elite and open enrollment, tuition dependent and well endowed, liberal arts oriented and vocational. The challenges facing America’s colleges and universities will affect the diverse parts of this system in very different ways. Generalizing about this system can be very dangerous.

scholarly journals Relationship between Long Duration Use of Hormonal Contraceptive and Serum Lipid Profiles among the Women of Dhaka City

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Kashefa Khatun ◽  
Shamsun Nahar ◽  
Abida Sultana ◽  
Shahnur Chisty ◽  
Asma Rumanaz Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Long duration use of hormonal contraceptives can cause different metabolic effects. Objective: The purpose for the present study was to see the relationship between long duration of use of hormonal contraceptives and serum lipid profiles. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology in collaboration with the Biochemistry Department at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2004 to December 2005 for eighteen (18) months. Women of reproductive age group who had given the history of taking low-dose oral contraceptive pills (OCP) containing 30 meg ethinyloestradiol (EE) plus 150 meg levonorgestrel (LNG) were included as study population. The women were divided into group A which was consisted of women who were using OCP for up to 5 years and group B who were using OCP for more than 5 years. Blood was collected from each woman in fasting state and serum was sent for estimation of serum lipids profiles like serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL. Result: The women in group A was consisted of 20 women and the rest 20 women were in group B. Comparison of mean age between control and case groups showed no significant difference (31.75±4.85 vs 30.43±5.44 years). In women using OCP ≤5 years and >5 years, the mean (±SD) cholesterol levels were 252.50±48.86 and 239.55±48.73 mg/dl (p>0.10), triglyceride levels were 204.30±48.10 and 191.45±67.89 mg/dL (p>0.10), HDL levels were 42.82±8.96 and 43.00±6.46 (p>0.10) and LDL levels were 168.83±50.82 and 158.26±50.32 (p>0.10) respectively. Conclusion: The level of total cholesterol and triglycerides are not significantly varied with long duration (more than 5 years) of oral contraceptive pills use. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):10-13

INTERACTION OF THE STATE AND BUSINESS AT THE TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS FOR THE ECONOMY OF KNOWLEDGE

2017 ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Elvira Voronko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Alternative Sources

Ways of interaction between the state and business in the training of specialists with higher education are discussed in the article. A reduction in the budgetary financing of the activities of universities is observed in the Republic of Belarus. The need to find alternative sources of funding arises. In particular, the mechanism of public-private partnership is proposed to be used for financing. Tasks of higher education institutions and business in the field of higher education are presented. Forms of public-private partnership for the educational sphere are considered: partnership, non-profit organization (partnership, foundation), use of contracts as administrative contracts.

Legal and Organizational Issues of the Transformation of Public Universities into Non-Profit Organizations in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Bakhyt ALTYNBASSOV ◽  
Zaure ABDUKARIMOVA ◽  
Aigerim BAYANBAYEVA ◽  
Sabit MUKHAMEJANULY
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

This article discusses several legal and economic problems in the process of globalization of higher education in Kazakhstan. To date, the Government of Kazakhstan has issued a resolution on the transformation of 25 national and state universities into non-profit joint-stock companies, as well as amendments to the Civil Code and other current legislation. As a result of this study, it has been found that the concept of a non-profit joint-stock company was first used in Kazakhstan and contradicted the institution of legal entities in civil law. Such changes and amendments in civil law are an unprecedented phenomenon in the legal systems of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. There is also a risk that the transfer of higher education institutions to non-profit joint-stock companies may become the legal basis for the illegal privatization of public universities. The authors suggest that the privatization of higher education institutions has been detrimental to the state, and that reform should be addressed based on administrative and legal considerations and through improved university governance models. The modernization of the governance model of public universities according to modern requirements is beneficial to the state and society. The study analyzes the relationship between the university and its stakeholders based on Freeman’s Stakeholder theory. It also identifies deficiencies in legislation that impede the establishment of partnerships between the university and industrial companies and suggests ways to address them.

scholarly journals Extended-Cycle Oral Contraceptive Pills with 10 μG Ethinyl Estradiol Pills in Place of Placebo Pills

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita L Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Unscheduled Bleeding ◽  
Birth Control Pills ◽  
Extended Cycle ◽  
Stimulation Of

The elimination of monthly withdrawal bleeding with use of extended-cycle (84 pills) monophasic birth-control pills has modernized oral contraceptives. The use of ethinyl estradiol 10 μg pills in place of the seven placebo pills addresses the problems posed by 21/7 formulations of low-dose birth-control pills, which allow early stimulation of ovarian follicles, and of the early 84/7 formulations, which had higher rates of unscheduled bleeding and spotting.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF SERVICE RECOVERY STRATEGIES ON DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-488
Author(s):  
Steven K. Msosa ◽  
Jeevarathnam P. Govender
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Service Recovery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The Impact

In recent times, students in higher education institutions have raised their expectations and are becoming less tolerant to poor service. The reality is that service failures are bound to happen. However, effective service recovery strategies could minimise the impact of service failure. The aim of this research was to analyse the influence of service recovery strategies on distributive justice in higher education institutions. A total of 430 students from three public universities in South Africa participated in this research as respondents. The research adopted a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional approach. The findings of this research showed that compensation and explanation have a positive and significant influence on distributive justice. Furthermore, the results showed a positive and insignificant influence of apology on distributive justice. The findings of this research are a wake up call to higher education institutions to focus on the two strategies of service recovery, namely explanation and compensation to achieve distributive justice. Thus, higher education institutions should firstly, focus on the use of an explanation to achieve distributive justice because it is offered at no cost compared to compensation which normally wears a financial face. This is based on the fact that higher education institutions are non profit making institutions such that they cannot afford to offer financial compensation on regular basis to address student problems. Ultimately, higher education institutions are advised to consider the severity of service failure before offering any form of service recovery to avoid double deviation. Keywords: distributive justice, field-based research, higher education institutions, service failure, service recovery strategies.

scholarly journals MONITORING PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI PIL KB ORAL DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI : LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Putri Devy Septya ◽  
Martanty Aditya ◽  
Hendra Godeliva Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Birth Control Pills

Abstrak Pil KB oral merupakan salah satu alat kontrasepsi paling banyak digunakan oleh para wanita untuk mencegah kehamilan. Namun pil KB juga memiliki efek samping yang dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah ?140 mmHg (sistolik) dan ?90 mmHg (diastolik) atau dikenal dengan hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan kontrasepsi pil KB oral dapat menimbulkan resiko terjadinya hipertensi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literture review dengan sumber data melalui pencarian secara menyeluruh dengan mesin pencari PubMed dan Google Scholar untuk menemukan artikel sesuai kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dengan kata kunci tertentu dalam periode 2010-2020 kemudian dilakukan review. Hasil penelusuran yang didapatkan yaitu 3 artikel ilmiah secara observasional dengan menggunakan metode cohort dan cross sectional. Hasil dari literature review ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kontrasepsi pil KB oral dapat menimbulkan risiko terjadinya hipertensi. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dari artikel ilmiah yang memiliki nilai p-value dibawah 0,05. Namun adapula yang membuktikan bahwa penggunaan kontrasepsi oral di usia muda tidak menyebabkan hipertensi pascamenopause serta terdapat artikel yang menyatakan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan pil KB kombinasi yang didapatkan dari klinik AS dengan penggunaan pil KB kombinasi yang didapatkan tanpa resep dokter tapi penggunaan pil KB perlu lebih di pantau agar tidak terjadi resiko yang diinginkan. Kata Kunci : Hipertensi, literature review, pil KB Abstract Oral contraceptive pills are one of the most widely used contraceptives for women to prevent pregnancy. However, oral contraceptive pills also have side effects, one of which is increasing blood pressure to ? 140 mmHg (systolic) and ? 90 mmHg (diastolic) or known as hypertension. This study aimed to determine whether the use of oral contraceptive pills poses a risk of developing hypertension. The method used in this study was literature review whose data were sourced from thorough searches with the PubMed and Google Scholar to find articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria with certain keywords in the 20102020 and then reviewed. The results obtained were 7 scientific articles observed using a case control and cross sectional methods. The results of this literature review indicate that the use of oral contraceptive pills can increase the risk of developing hypertension. This is evidenced by scientific articles with a p-value below 0.05. However, there is also evidence that the use of oral contraceptives at a young age does not cause postmenopausal hypertension and there is an article stating that there is no significant link between the use of combination birth control pills obtained from U.S. clinics and the use of combination birth control pills obtained without a doctor's prescription but the use of birth control pills needs to be monitored more so that there is no desired risk. Keywords: Hypertension, literature review, oral contraceptive pills

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