Assessment of Nutrition Status in Children with Leukemia: A Study from a Developing Country

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1317-1317
Author(s):  
Soma Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Tusi Dutta ◽  
Sonali Dey ◽  
Somnath Datta ◽  
Ashis Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract Background: In developing countries 40 % children suffer from mal-nutrition. It has been shown that a good nutritional status can reduce complications of treatment, strengthen the immune system and contribute to the patient’s general well being throughout treatment. A good nutritional status is therefore essential for optimal treatment of a leukemic child. The aim of our study was to see the nutritional status of leukemic children on diagnosis and effect of nutrition on outcome of therapy. Material & Methods: During period from January 2004 to December 2007 we prospectively analyzed the nutritional status of 400 paediatric patients in Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, a tertiary cancer center of Eastern India. The age of the patients were 1 to 18 years (median age 12.5 years). The parameter analyzed were weight for age, height for age, total protein, serum albumin and skin fold thickness. The weight for age, height for age and skin fold thickness were taken as normal if they were between 3rd and 97th percentile curve of the growth chart recommended by the Indian Council of Medical Research. The albumin level and the total protein was considered normal if the value is equal to or more than 3gm% and 5.8gm% respectively. Result: It was seen that total 56 patients (14% children) were low weight for age, 40 patients (10% children) were low height and 67 patients (16.75% children) had low mid arm circumference. Total 44 patients (11% children) had low serum albumin while 80 patients (20% children) had low serum protein. It was found that low weight for age, low serum albumin and low mid arm circumference were significance factors in remission induction, disease free survival and toxicity of chemotherapy (p < 0.005). Conclusion: We conclude that mal-nutrition is a major finding in cancer patients with leukemia in developing country like ours. The patient with mal-nutrition had less remission in induction, disease free survival and more toxicities during therapy as compared to well-nourished children.

Assessment of nutrition in cancer patients and its effect on treatment outcome—A study from a developing country

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6125-6125
Author(s):  
S. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
C. Paul ◽  
K. Thander ◽  
J. Gorai ◽  
M. Purakayet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Low Serum

6125 Background: In developing countries one-third of the people suffer from mal-nutrition. It has been shown that a good nutritional status can reduce complications of treatment, strengthen the immune system and contribute to the patient’s general well being throughout treatment. A good nutritional status is therefore essential for optimal treatment of a cancer patient. The aim of our study was to see the nutritional status of cancer patients on diagnosis and effect of nutrition on outcome of therapy. Methods: In this study we prospectively analyzed the nutritional status of 500 cancer patients in Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, a tertiary cancer center of eastern India during period from January 2004 to December 2005. The age range of the patients was 19 years to 74 years (median age 46 years). The parameter analyzed were weight for age, total protein, serum albumin and mid arm circumference. The weight for age and mid arm circumference were taken as normal if they were between 3rd and 97th percentile curve of the growth chart recommended by the Indian Council of Medical Research. The albumin level and the total protein were considered normal if the value is equal to or more than 3gm% and 5.8gm%. Result: It was seen that total 120 patients (24%) were low weight for age and 100 patients (20%) had low mid arm circumference. Total 90 patients (18%) had low serum albumin while 130 patients (26%) were low serum protein. Low weight for age, low serum albumin and low mid arm circumference were significant factors in disease free survival and toxicity of chemotherapy (p value < .001) Conclusion: We conclude that mal-nutrition is a major finding in cancer patients in developing country like ours. The patient with mal-nutrition had less disease free survival and more toxicities during therapy as compared to well-nourished patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of Yemeni schoolchildren in Al-Mahweet Governorate

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Raja'a ◽  
S. M. Sulaiman ◽  
J. S. Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Average Skin ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

The nutritional status of 948 children selected randomly from Al-Mahweet Governorate schools was investigated. Age range was 5-18 years with a mean of 10.6 +/- 2.8 years. Among the children, 3.4% had depleted iron and 43.4% had below average skin-fold thickness. Approximately half of the children were either stunted or chronically underweight and 1 child in 20 was underfed. Depleted fat stores affected two-fifths of the children and approximately one-fifth were anaemic. Urban residents scored significantly higher on nutritional parameters than rural children. Serum ferritin levels were significantly greater among males than females whereas mean height-for-age, weight-for-age and skin-fold thickness were lower.

Impact of Nutrition on Treatment Outcome in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia of Childhood in Developing Country

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4744-4744
Author(s):  
Soma Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Sudeshna Gangopadhyay ◽  
Pinaki Gupta ◽  
Jayasri Basak ◽  
Ashis Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract Abstract 4744 Malnutrition is a major problem in children with cancer. All conventional modalities of anti cancer therapy interfere with normal nutrition. In this study we retrospectively analyzed 331 children of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) being intensively treated by National cancer Institute protocol (MCP 841) during period from August, 2000 to December, 2010 in a tertiary cancer institute of the country. Our aim was to determine the nutritional status of children with ALL at diagnosis and to study the influence of nutrition on complete remission, disease free survival (DFS) and toxicity of chemotherapy. The variables studied were height for age, weight for age and serum albumin levels. The height for age and the weight for age were taken as normal if they were between 3rd and 97th percentile curve of the growth chart as recommended by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The albumin level was considered normal if the value was equal to or more than 3 gm%. It was seen that 16.9% children were low weight for age and 10.3% were of low height for age at diagnosis. Low weight for age (p value <0.01) and low albumin (p-value <0.005) were significant in DFS. We conclude that malnutrition is having much impact on prognosis of ALL in developing countries like ours. The major nutrition indicators are height for age, weight for age and serum albumin. The patients with malnutrition have less DFS duration, more chances of relapse and more toxicity during therapy as compared to well nourished children.Table 1:Nutritional status of 331 childrenVariablesNormalLowWeight for age275 (83.08%)56 (16.91%)Height for Age297 (89.73%)34 (10.3%)Total Protein274 (82.78%)57 (17.22%)Serum Albumin301 (90.94%)30 (9.06%)Table 2:Effect of Nutritional variables on remission of ALLVariableTotalRemissionNon ResponderInduction DeathTotal failure of Inductionp-valueNormal Weight for age275260 (94.54%)4 (1.45%)11 (4%)15 (5.45%)Low Weight for Age5651 (91.1%)05 (8.9%)5 (8.9%)0.236Normal Height for Age297283 (95.23%)4 (1.35%)10 (3.37%)14 (4.7%)Low Height for Age3428 (82.35%)1 (2.94%)5 (14.7%)6 (17.6%)Normal Albumin301287 (95.35%)2 (0.66%)12 (4%)14 (4.6%)Low Albumin3024 (80%)2 (6.7%)4 (13.3%)6 (20%)Table 3:Effect of Nutritional variables on Disease Free SurvivalVariableTotalDFS (%)Relapse Death (%)Death due to Other Causes (%)Total Deathp-valueNormal Weight for age275198 (72%)59 (21.45%)18 (6.54%)77 (28%)Low Weight for Age5619 (33.9%)25 (44.6%)12 (21.4%)37 (66%).001Normal Height for Age297213 (71.7%)68 (22.9%)16 (5.4%)84 (28.3%)Low Height for Age344 (11.8%)20 (58.8%)10 (29.4%)30 (88.2%)0.0001Normal Albumin301212 (70.4%)62 (20.6%)27 (8.97%)89 (29.6%)Low Albumin305 (16.7%)13 (43.33%)12 (40%)25 (83.3%)0.0001Table 4:Effect of Nutritional variables on Toxicity ProfileVariableMyeloLiverGINeuroMetabolicPancreatitisTotalNormal Weight for age (275)45 (16.36%)15 (5.45%)1 (0.36%)13 (4.72%)2 (0.72%)2 (0.72%)55 (20%)Low Weight for Age (56)21 (37.5%)9 (16.07%)3 (5.36%)5 (8.93%)2 (5.36%)24 (42.8%)Normal Height for Age (297)50 (16.8%)17 (5.72%)2 (0.67%)14 (4.71%)2 (0.67%)2 (0.67%)61 (20.8%)Low Height for Age (34)16 (47%)7 (20.5%)2 (5.8%)4 (11.6%)2 (5.8%)18 (52.9%)Normal Albumin (301)12 (3.98%)3 (0.99%)02 (0.66%)1 (0.33%)64 (21.3%)Low Albumin (30)24 (66.67%)21 (58.33%)4 (11.1%)16 (44.4%)2 (5.55%)3 (8.3%)15 (50%)Table 5:Comparison of the effect of Nutritional variables in Remission vs Relapse Group with Other StudiesVariablesYu LC et al (1994)Present Study (2011)Remission GroupRelapseRemission GroupRelapseWeight %106.4 ± 29.9109.1 ± 19.323.96 ± 13.4421.1 ± 10.1Height %99.3 ± 4.9104.9 ± 16.1121.17 ± 27.02117.85 ± 22.8Protein Mean6.65 ± 0.886.38 ± 1.12Albumin Mean4.23 ± 0.33.59 ± 0.584.01 ± 0.733.63 ± 0.93 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE OF CHILDREN WITH CYANOTIC AND NONCYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mahrus Rahman ◽  
I Ketut Alit Utamayasa ◽  
Taufiq Hidayat ◽  
Roedi Irawan ◽  
Rina Elizabeth
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Impaired nutritional status is a frequent complication of congenital heart disease (CHD). Non cyanotic congenital heart disease (NC-CHD) have problem with lung overfl ow and heart failure. Consequences of Cyanotic congenital heart disease (C-CHD) are decrease pulmonary blood fl ow and prolong hypoxia. These conditions can have eff ect on nutritional status and outcome of surgery. This study aimed to compare anthropometric profi les of children with C-CHD and NC-CHD. Cross-sectional study conducted in 66 children, age 3 months until 5 years old who met inclusion criteria in Pediatric Cardiology Outpatient Unit Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in November 2012. A total of 66 children, consisted of 26 children with C-CHD and 40 children NC-CHD included in study. We measure weight, length/height, head circumference, upper arm circumference, and skin fold thickness. We used Chi Square test for statistical analysis with Confi dence Interval 95%. Mean age of both groups was 27.82 ± 16.63 months. Majority of NC-CHD was Ventricular Septal Defect (28.6%) and C-CHD was Tetralogy of Fallot (21.4%). There were no signifi cant diff erence from weight for age, length for age weight for length, head circumference for age, mid upper arm circumference for age, mid upper arm circumference for age, and skin fold thickness for age between children with C-CHD and NC-CHD (p= 0.80; 0.98;0.54 0.29; 0.80; 0.53 respectively). There were no diff erence in anthropometric profi les among children with cyanotic congenital heart disease and non-cyanotic congenital heart disease in this study.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaisa Barboza CASELLI ◽  
Elizete Aparecida LOMAZI ◽  
Maria Augusta Santos MONTENEGRO ◽  
Maria Angela BELLOMO-BRANDÃO
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Reference Curve ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Knee Height ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Due to several factors, such as gastrointestinal’s diseases and difficulty in feeding, children with Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy tend to present nutritional deficits. OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of pediatric patients with Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy according to reference curves for this population and with the measures of folds and circumferences, obtained by the upper arm circumference and triceps skin fold. METHODS: The data were obtained from: knee-height, estimated height, weight, upper arm circumference, and triceps skin fold. Values of folds and circumferences were compared with Frisancho, and specific curves for these patients were used as reference. The relationship between the values in the growth curve for healthy children, Z-Score, and comparison with the reference curve were verified by Fisher’s exact test. We adopted the significance level of 5%. RESULTS: We evaluated 54 patients. The mean age was 10.2 years, and 34 were male, 25 fed by gastrostomy and 29, orally. The frequency of low weight by the reference curve was 22.22%. More than half of the patients presented the parameters indicating lean mass below the 5th percentile. The height of all patients was classified as adequate for the age by the reference curve. CONCLUSION: Low weight was found in 22% of patients, and there is a greater tendency to present reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass, showing the need for evaluation and appropriate interventions for patients with Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Thinness in Cameroon Urban Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponce Cedric Fouejeu Wamba ◽  
Julius Enyong Oben ◽  
Katherine Cianflone
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Objective. This study examined the prevalence of thinness, overweight, and obesity in Cameroon children ranging from 8 to 15 years old using several published references as evaluation tools.Methods. A stratified sample was used with eleven schools randomly selected, and data from 2689 children (52.2% girls) ranging from 8 to 15 years were analyzed. Weight and height were recorded and BMI was calculated. BMI cutoffs used to define nutritional status grades included two international and three national published indices which were compared to our database-derived cutoffs.Results. A prevalence of 9.5% thinness and 12.4% overweight including 1.9% obesity according to international references was detected. A 2.2% low-weight-for-age, 5.7% low-height-for-age, and 5.2% low-weight-for-height were identified. Overall, there were significant differences using calculations based on our database versus published reference values and between boys versus girls.Conclusions. This study demonstrates that prevalence of thinness, overweight, and obesity is similar to that of other leading-emerging countries reported within the last decade, yet it is still lower than prevalence in developed countries. Ethnic background and social environment have impact on prevalences, highlighting the importance of evaluating the Cameroon population based on locally derived database.

Nutritional assessment and requirements

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mark Beattie ◽  
Anil Dhawan ◽  
John W.L. Puntis
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Nutritional assessment 2Risk factors for undernutrition 3Nutritional intake 4Taking a feeding history 5Basic anthropometry: the assessment of body form 6Growth 7Patterns of growth 15Malnutrition 17Nutritional requirements 19Nutritional status reflects the balance between supply and demand and the consequences of any imbalance. Nutritional assessment is therefore the foundation of nutritional care for children. When judging the need for nutritional support an assessment must be made both of the underlying reasons for any feeding difficulties, and of current nutritional status. This process includes a detailed dietary history, physical examination, anthropometry (weight, length; head circumference in younger children) with reference to standard growth charts, and basic laboratory indices when possible. In addition, skin fold thickness and mid-upper arm circumference measurements provide a simple method for estimating body composition....

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Med Phoenix ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Sharmila Joshi ◽  
Samir Singh ◽  
Amrit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Low Serum

Background: Chronic kidney disease caused by deterioration of renal function is a growing problem in the world. In chronic kidney disease, renal function is decreased and waste can build to high level in blood. Malnutrition is common in chronic kidney disease patient who is related to poor food intake because of anorexia, restricted protein intake, nausea and vomiting. Objective: This study aims to assess the nutritional status of chronic kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis by anthropometric measurement and laboratory investigations. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Human Organ Transplant Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal over a period of 3 months (December, 2016 to February, 2017). Total of 53 patients (25 male and 28 female) undergoing hemodialysis were included in this study. Anthropometric measurements like body mass index, midupper arm circumference and laboratory investigation like serum albumin was used to evaluate the nutritional status of chronic kidney patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Mean age of study population was 43.07±16.1 years. Majority of study subjects belong to age group between 17-61 years (64.16%). On the basis of World Health Organization body mass index classification, 24.52% of patients had fallen in malnourished class whereas 64.15% of the patients had normal nutritional status. Similarly, on the basis of mid-upper arm circumference, 52% of the male patients and 75% of the female patients were malnourished. 54.72% of the patient’s calorie intake was below 1200 Kcal. 56.6% of the patients had low serum albumin indicating malnutrition. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed that malnutrition is a common problem in our patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Inadequate intake of energy and nutrients, low MUAC values, low BMI and low serum albumin concentration increases the degree of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores in Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Som Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Don Vicendese ◽  
Bircan Erbas
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract Background: Evidence of the influence of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors on childhood nutritional status is inconsistent. Few studies have examined their interactive effects. This study aimed to examine associations and interactions between WASH variables and preschool child undernutrition. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 2352 children assessed during the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed by multi-variable linear regression to understand the association between height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores and WASH variables. Interactions between WASH variables, sex and area of residence on childhood nutritional status were also examined. Results: The mean z-score [standard deviation] for children’s WAZ, HAZ and WHZ scores were -1.33 [1.1], -1.52 [1.3] and -0.65 [1.1], respectively. A unit increase in cluster sanitation coverage was associated with an increase of 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12 to 0.48) for WAZ and 0.28 (95%CI: 0.001 to 0.56) for HAZ scores. Household water purification practice was associated with an increase of 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.41) in WHZ score. Handwashing practice with water and soap was associated with an increase of 0.15 (95%CI: 0.04 to 0.25) in WAZ and 0.13 (95%CI: 0.01 to 0.24) in WHZ scores. The effect of water purification practice was higher for rural areas compared to urban settings for HAZ scores (p-value for interaction=0.02). Conclusions: Consistent with findings from other countries in the South Asian region, findings of this study highlight the potential importance of good WASH practices, and therefore the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute to improved nutritional status in rural Nepal.

scholarly journals FOOD INTAKE, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deise Cristina Oliva CARAMICO-FAVERO ◽  
Zelita Caldeira Ferreira GUEDES ◽  
Mauro Batista de MORAIS
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy may be associated with comorbidities such as undernutrition, impaired growth and gastrointestinal symptoms. Children with cerebral palsy exhibit eating problems due to the effect on the anatomical and functional structures involved in the eating function resulting in malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between food intake, nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 40 children with cerebral palsy (35 with spastic tetraparetic form and 5 with non-spastic choreoathetoid form of cerebral palsy, all requiring wheelchairs or bedridden) aged from 4 to 10 years. The dietary assessment with the parents was performed using the usual household food intake inquiry. Anthropometric data were collected. Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with deglutition disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and chronic constipation were also recorded. RESULTS: The median of height-for-age Z-score (-4.05) was lower (P<0.05) than the median of weight-for-age (-3.29) and weight-for-height (-0.94). There was no statistical difference between weight-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores. Three patients with cerebral palsy (7.5%) exhibited mild anemia, with normal ferritin levels in two. Symptoms of dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation were found in 82.5% (n=33), 40.0% (n=16), and 60.0% (n=24) of the sample, respectively. The patients with symptoms of dysphagia exhibited lower daily energy (1280.2±454.8 Kcal vs 1890.3±847.1 Kcal, P=0.009), carbohydrate (median: 170.9 g vs 234.5 g, P=0.023) and fluid intake (483.1±294.9 mL vs 992.9±292.2 mL, P=0.001). The patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal reflux exhibited greater daily fluid intake (720.0±362.9 mL) than the patients without symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (483.7±320.0 mL, P=0.042) and a greater height-for-age deficit (Z-score: -4.9±1.7 vs 3.7±1.5, P=0.033). The patients with symptoms of constipation exhibited lower daily dietary fiber (9.2±4.3 g vs 12.3±4.3 g, P=0.031) and fluid (456.5±283.1 mL vs 741.1±379.2 mL, P=0.013) intake. CONCLUSION: Children with cerebral palsy exhibited wide variability in food intake which may partially account for their severe impaired growth and malnutrition. Symptoms of dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation are associated with different food intake patterns. Therefore, nutritional intervention should be tailored considering the gastrointestinal symptoms and nutritional status.

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