scholarly journals The novel subset of CD14+/CD16+ blood monocytes is expanded in sepsis patients

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 3170-3176 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Fingerle ◽  
A Pforte ◽  
B Passlick ◽  
M Blumenstein ◽  
M Strobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Monocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Weak Expression ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Class Ii Antigen ◽  
Cd16 Antigen

Staining with CD14 and CD16 monoclonal antibodies will identify two monocyte subpopulations in human blood: a major population of regular monocytes, which strongly expresses the CD14 antigen (CD14++), and a minor population with weak expression of CD14 and expression of the CD16 antigen (CD14+/CD16+ cells). As shown herein, the latter cells account for 45 +/- 22 cells/microL and 9% +/- 5% of the monocytes in healthy control donors (n = 35). In septicemia patients, the CD14+/CD16+ cells can become a major population, with more than 50% of all monocytes in 3 of 18 patients and with more than 500 cells in 4 of 18 cases. There was no correlation of CD14+/CD16+ cells to any clinical parameter except for CD14+/CD16+ percentage and body temperature (P = .013). The CD14++ regular monocytes showed a substantial decrease in CD14 antigen density in 9 of 11 patients. Three-color immunofluorescence shows that the CD14+/CD16+ monocytes in septicemia patients when compared with the CD14++ monocytes exhibit a higher level of class II antigen and a lower level of CD11b and CD33 antigens, consistent with a more mature nature of the CD14+/CD16+ cells. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were increased in septicemia patients; 3 of 5 patients with high numbers of CD14+/CD16+ cells (> 200/microL) had high levels of IL-6 (> 250/U/mL). These data suggest that septicemia may lead to substantial changes in blood monocyte composition and this may be related to elevated levels of cytokines such as IL-6.

scholarly journals The novel subset of CD14+/CD16+ blood monocytes is expanded in sepsis patients

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 3170-3176 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Fingerle ◽  
A Pforte ◽  
B Passlick ◽  
M Blumenstein ◽  
M Strobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Monocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Weak Expression ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Class Ii Antigen ◽  
Cd16 Antigen

Abstract Staining with CD14 and CD16 monoclonal antibodies will identify two monocyte subpopulations in human blood: a major population of regular monocytes, which strongly expresses the CD14 antigen (CD14++), and a minor population with weak expression of CD14 and expression of the CD16 antigen (CD14+/CD16+ cells). As shown herein, the latter cells account for 45 +/- 22 cells/microL and 9% +/- 5% of the monocytes in healthy control donors (n = 35). In septicemia patients, the CD14+/CD16+ cells can become a major population, with more than 50% of all monocytes in 3 of 18 patients and with more than 500 cells in 4 of 18 cases. There was no correlation of CD14+/CD16+ cells to any clinical parameter except for CD14+/CD16+ percentage and body temperature (P = .013). The CD14++ regular monocytes showed a substantial decrease in CD14 antigen density in 9 of 11 patients. Three-color immunofluorescence shows that the CD14+/CD16+ monocytes in septicemia patients when compared with the CD14++ monocytes exhibit a higher level of class II antigen and a lower level of CD11b and CD33 antigens, consistent with a more mature nature of the CD14+/CD16+ cells. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were increased in septicemia patients; 3 of 5 patients with high numbers of CD14+/CD16+ cells (> 200/microL) had high levels of IL-6 (> 250/U/mL). These data suggest that septicemia may lead to substantial changes in blood monocyte composition and this may be related to elevated levels of cytokines such as IL-6.

Polysaccharide Structures in the Outer Mucilage of Arabidopsis Seeds Visualized by AFM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAK Williams ◽  
V Cornuault ◽  
AH Irani ◽  
VV Symonds ◽  
J Malmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Afm Imaging ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
The Stability ◽  
A Minor

© 2020 American Chemical Society. Evidence is presented that the polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) can be biosynthesized in remarkably organized branched configurations and surprisingly long versions and can self-assemble into a plethora of structures. AFM imaging has been applied to study the outer mucilage obtained from wild-type (WT) and mutant (bxl1-3 and cesa5-1) Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. For WT mucilage, ordered, multichain structures of the polysaccharide RGI were observed, with a helical twist visible in favorable circumstances. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the stability of several possible multichain complexes and the possibility of twisted fibril formation. For bxl1-3 seeds, the imaged polymers clearly showed the presence of side chains. These were surprisingly regular and well organized with an average length of ∼100 nm and a spacing of ∼50 nm. The heights of the side chains imaged were suggestive of single polysaccharide chains, while the backbone was on average 4 times this height and showed regular height variations along its length consistent with models of multichain fibrils examined in MD. Finally, in mucilage extracts from cesa5-1 seeds, a minor population of chains in excess of 30 μm long was observed.

Comparison of moonlighting guanylate cyclases: roles in signal direction?

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Freihat ◽  
Victor Muleya ◽  
David T. Manallack ◽  
Janet I. Wheeler ◽  
Helen R. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Natural Ligands ◽  
Signalling Cascades ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Mammalian Protein ◽  
Homology Models

Over 30 receptor-like kinases contain a guanylate cyclase (GC) catalytic centre embedded within the C-terminal region of their kinase domain in the model plant Arabidopsis. A number of the kinase GCs contain both functional kinase and GC activity in vitro and the natural ligands of these receptors stimulate increases in cGMP within isolated protoplasts. The GC activity could be described as a minor or moonlighting activity. We have also identified mammalian proteins that contain the novel GC centre embedded within kinase domains. One example is the interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3). We compare the GC functionality of the mammalian protein IRAK3 with the cytoplasmic domain of the plant prototype molecule, the phytosulfokine receptor 1 (PSKR1). We have developed homology models of these molecules and have undertaken in vitro experiments to compare their functionality and structural features. Recombinant IRAK3 produces cGMP at levels comparable to those produced by PSKR1, suggesting that IRAK3 contains GC activity. Our findings raise the possibility that kinase-GCs may switch between downstream kinase-mediated or cGMP-mediated signalling cascades to elicit desired outputs to particular stimuli. The challenge now lies in understanding the interaction between the GC and kinase domains and how these molecules utilize their dual functionality within cells.

Neurofilament proteins are co-expressed with desmin in heart conduction system myocytes

1990 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
M. Vitadello ◽  
M. Matteoli ◽  
L. Gorza
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
Neuronal Proteins ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
A Minor

We have recently shown that specialized myocytes of the rabbit heart express a cytoskeletal protein similar to the M subunit of neurofilaments (NF). Since this result was obtained using a single anti-NF-M monoclonal antibody, we tested on conduction myocytes a panel of five anti-NF antibodies, specific for each of the three NF subunits and for phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated epitopes. Two antibodies, one specific for the L subunit and one for phosphorylated M subunit of NF, reacted with specialized myocytes in immunohistochemistry. In immunoblots on conduction tissue homogenates the two antibodies recognized two polypeptides with electrophoretic mobility and solubility properties identical to those of NF-L and NF-M in the sciatic nerve. The subcellular distribution of NF immunoreactivity in specialized myocytes was very similar to desmin localization; namely, it was distributed on large filamentous bundles and on fine filaments localized transversely at the level of the Z line. At the ultrastructural level, immunoreactive filaments were localized in the intermyofibrillar space and connected myofibrils with mitochondria. Co-expression of NF proteins and desmin was also observed in vitro in a minor population of cardiac myocytes cultured from embryonic rabbit heart. In most cases NF immunoreactivity co-localized with desmin, especially where filaments were well organized, but in some cells anti-NF and anti-desmin antibodies labelled different filamentous structures. These results indicate that NF proteins are structural components of the cytoskeleton of specialized myocytes and show a subcellular distribution very similar to desmin. Such a composition of intermediate filaments indicates that in these cardiac cells muscle differentiation is compatible with the expression of neuronal proteins.

Crusoe’s Babel, Missionaries’ Mistakes

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-65
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cultural Hybridity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Missionary Movement ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Minor

This chapter discusses Robinson Crusoe, the differences between the original and its Arabic translation, and how it was used as a tool for conversion by the Church Missionary Society (CMS) to guide Eastern Christians to the right path of Protestantism by emulating Crusoe's direct and individual spiritual awakening. CMS missionaries took active steps to discourage cultural hybridity, even monitoring the translators in their employment for signs of the Catholic influence. The fantasy of purity and process of purification were part of the foundation of the missionary movement, making Crusoe's own myth of individualism and fantasy of autonomy its perfect ideological surrogate. The CMS hoped they would find inspiration in Crusoe's spiritual trials and error, as he moves from rebellion to punishment, repentance, and eventually religious conversion. The observations that emerge from setting these two versions of Crusoe's eating habits side by side might amount to a minor point but for the fact that observing Crusoe's autonomous actions on the island have played an important role in theorizing what have been called the formal and cultural institutions of the novel: individual subjectivity, formal realism, colonial accumulation, the labor theory of value, national identity, to name a few. Many translators of this period adapted or changed the source material. Regardless of the radical changes, translators praised importance of the original version and often lamented their inability to do justice to it. As the earliest surviving translation of a novel into Arabic, Qiṣṣat Rūbinṣun Kurūzī stands as an ideal starting point from which to understand the origins of the Arabic novel as they emerge from translation.

scholarly journals The basic study on kappa-lambda imaging by delta-curve for the detection of a monoclonal B-cell population in the peripheral blood

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1461-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nakano ◽  
S Kuge ◽  
S Kuwabara ◽  
M Yaguchi ◽  
Y Kawanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
D Values ◽  
A Minor ◽  
D Value

Abstract Recently, kappa-lambda analysis with the “D” value was developed by Ault to detect a minor population of malignant B cells in peripheral blood. This analysis is based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the D value is calculated by a flowcytometer and a computer. We have recently devised a more sensitive parameter for the kappa-lambda analysis than the D value called the delta-curve (delta c); the delta c applies the same principle as that of the D value. Mixing experiments with kappa- type and lambda-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells revealed that the delta c could not only detect a minor population of malignant kappa- B cells, but also that of malignant lambda-B cells using more sensitivity than the D value. A total of 49 blood samples obtained from 27 patients with various B-cell malignancies were investigated. D values were abnormal in 37% of all samples, while abnormal patterns of the delta c were recognized in 71%. On the other hand, 59% of samples obtained from the patients with B-cell lymphoma in aleukemic phase showed abnormal delta c, whereas D values exceeded the upper limit of the normal value in only 15% of the samples. It was suggested that the delta c could detect 3% to 7% of malignant B cells that were mixed with a population of normal lymphocytes.

scholarly journals A minor population of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 variants is identified in recrudescing viremia following analytic treatment interruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (18) ◽  
pp. 9981-9990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane M. Andrade ◽  
Carla Mavian ◽  
Dunja Babic ◽  
Thaissa Cordeiro ◽  
Mark Sharkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Viral Reservoir ◽  
Analytic Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
Clock Analysis ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Molecular Clock Analysis ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Hiv 1

HIV-1 persists in cellular reservoirs that can reignite viremia if antiretroviral therapy (ART) is interrupted. Therefore, insight into the nature of those reservoirs may be revealed from the composition of recrudescing viremia following treatment cessation. A minor population of macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) viruses was identified in a library of recombinant viruses constructed with individual envelope genes that were obtained from plasma of six individuals undergoing analytic treatment interruption (ATI). M-tropic viruses could also be enriched from post-ATI plasma using macrophage-specific (CD14) but not CD4+ T cell-specific (CD3) antibodies, suggesting that M-tropic viruses had a macrophage origin. Molecular clock analysis indicated that the establishment of M-tropic HIV-1 variants predated ATI. Collectively, these data suggest that macrophages are a viral reservoir in HIV-1–infected individuals on effective ART and that M-tropic variants can appear in rebounding viremia when treatment is interrupted. These findings have implications for the design of curative strategies for HIV-1.

scholarly journals Inhibition of TNF-αReverses the Pathological Resorption Pit Profile of Osteoclasts from Patients with Acute Charcot Osteoarthropathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina L. Petrova ◽  
Peter K. Petrov ◽  
Michael E. Edmonds ◽  
Catherine M. Shanahan
Keyword(s):  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Osteoclastic Resorption ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
And Control ◽  
Charcot Osteoarthropathy

We hypothesised that tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) may enhance receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβligand- (RANKL-) mediated osteoclastogenesis in acute Charcot osteoarthropathy. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from 10 acute Charcot patients, 8 diabetic patients, and 9 healthy control subjects and culturedin vitroon plastic and bone discs. Osteoclast formation and resorption were assessed after treatment with (1) macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and RANKL and (2) M-CSF, RANKL, and neutralising antibody to TNF-α(anti-TNF-α). Resorption was measured on the surface of bone discs by image analysis and under the surface using surface profilometry. Although osteoclast formation was similar in M-CSF + RANKL-treated cultures between the groups (p>0.05), there was a significant increase in the area of resorption on the surface (p<0.01) and under the surface (p<0.01) in Charcot patients compared with diabetic patients and control subjects. The addition of anti-TNF-αresulted in a significant reduction in the area of resorption on the surface (p<0.05) and under the surface (p<0.05) only in Charcot patients as well as a normalisation of the aberrant erosion profile. We conclude that TNF-αmodulates RANKL-mediated osteoclastic resorptionin vitroin patients with acute Charcot osteoarthropathy.

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