Sarcopenia in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

COPD is associated with a progressive loss of muscle mass and function. However, there is an unmet need to define and standardise methods to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in COPD patients.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of this extrapulmonary manifestation in COPD patients. We searched Embase, Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar for studies published up to January 17, 2019, assessing sarcopenia in COPD patients based on low muscle mass and decreased muscle function. Interventional studies, in vitro experiments, protocols or reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. We estimated heterogeneity (I2) and assessed significance (Q) using a Chi-squared test for estimates obtained from random-effects models.4465 articles were initially identified. After removing the duplicates and applying the selection criteria, we reviewed 62 full-text articles. Finally, 10 articles (n=2565 COPD patients) were included in this systematic review and meta-analyses. Overall, the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with COPD was 21.6% (95% CI 14.6–30.9%, I2=94%), ranging from 8% in population-based to 21% in clinic-based studies, and 63% in COPD patients residing in nursing homes.Sarcopenia is frequently observed in COPD patients, with varying prevalence across population settings. Sarcopenia in COPD should be assessed using standardised tests and cut-off points from sarcopenia consensus criteria for clinical practice and international comparisons.

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Systematic Review: Allogenic Use of Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) and Decellularized Extracellular Matrices (ECM) as Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) in Tissue Regeneration

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21144982 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 4982 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pietro Gentile ◽

Aris Sterodimas ◽

Jacopo Pizzicannella ◽

Laura Dionisi ◽

Domenico De Fazio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽

Lateral Epicondylitis ◽

Medicinal Products ◽

Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products ◽

Advanced Therapy ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Clinical Experiments

Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) containing adipose stem cells (ASCs) has been used for many years in regenerative plastic surgery for autologous applications, without any focus on their potential allogenic role. Allogenic SVF transplants could be based on the possibility to use decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) as a scaffold from a donor then re-cellularized by ASCs of the recipient, in order to develop the advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) in fully personalized clinical approaches. A systematic review of this field has been realized in accordance with the Preferred Reporting for Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Multistep research of the PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Pre-MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov, Scopus database, and Cochrane databases has been conducted to identify articles and investigations on human allogenic ASCs transplant for clinical use. Of the 341 articles identified, 313 were initially assessed for eligibility on the basis of the abstract. Of these, only 29 met all the predetermined criteria for inclusion according to the PICOS (patients, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design) approach, and 19 have been included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Ninety-one percent of the studies previously screened (284 papers) were focused on the in vitro results and pre-clinical experiments. The allogenic use regarded the treatment of perianal fistulas, diabetic foot ulcers, knee osteoarthritis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, refractory rheumatoid arthritis, pediatrics disease, fecal incontinence, ischemic heart disease, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, lateral epicondylitis, and soft tissue defects. The information analyzed suggested the safety and efficacy of allogenic ASCs and ECM transplants without major side effects.

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Alternative Tendon Coaptations to the Pulvertaft Weave Technique: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Biomechanical Studies

Hand ◽

10.1177/15589447211043213 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155894472110432

Author(s):

Emily M. Graham ◽

Jeremie D. Oliver ◽

Russell Hendrycks ◽

Dino Maglic ◽

Shaun D. Mendenhall

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Yield Strength ◽

Random Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dichotomous Data ◽

Inverse Variance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Alternative Techniques ◽

Meta Analyses

Background The Pulvertaft weave technique (PT) is frequently used during tendon repairs and transfers. However, this technique is associated with limitations. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on in vitro, biomechanical studies that compared the PT with alternative techniques. Methods Articles included for qualitative and/or qualitative analysis were identified following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies included in the meta-analysis were analyzed either as continuous data with inverse variance and random effects or as dichotomous data using a Mantel-Haenszel analysis assuming random effects to calculate an odds ratio. Results A comprehensive electronic search yielded 8 studies meeting inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Two studies with a total of 65 tendon coaptations demonstrated no significant difference in strength between the PT and traditional side-to-side (STS) techniques ( P = .92). Two studies with a total of 43 tendon coaptations showed that the STS with 1 weave has a higher yield strength than the PT ( P = .03). Two studies with a total of 62 tendon repairs demonstrated no significant difference in strength between the PT and the step-cut (SC) techniques ( P = .70). The final 2 studies included 46 tendon repairs and demonstrated that the wrap around (WA) technique has a higher yield strength than the PT ( P < .001). Conclusions The STS, SC, and WA techniques are preferred for improving tendon form. The STS and WA techniques have superior yield strengths than the PT, and the SC technique withstands similar stress to failure as the PT.

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Leishmanicidal effects of resveratrol and its derivatives: a systematic review and meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25274/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nasrin Amiri Dashatan ◽

Marzieh Ashrafmansouri ◽

Mehdi Koushki ◽

Nayebali Ahmadi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Important Health ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis is one of the most important health problems worldwide. The evidence has suggested that resveratrol and its derivatives have anti-leishmanial effects; however, the results are inconsistent and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of resveratrol and its derivatives on the Leishmania viability through a systematic review and meta-analysis of available relevant studies. Methods The electronic databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were queried between October 2000 and April 2020 using a comprehensive search strategy. The eligible articles selected and data extraction conducted by two reviewers. Mean differences of IC50 (concentration leading to reduction of 50% of Leishmania) for each outcome was calculated using random-effects models. Sensitivity analyses and prespecified subgroup were conducted to evaluate potential heterogeneity and the stability of the pooled results. Publication bias was evaluated using the Egger’s and Begg’s tests. We also followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for this review. Results Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. We observed that RSV and its derivatives had significant reducing effects on Leishmania viability in promastigote [24.02 µg/ml; (95% CI 17.1, 30.8); P < 0.05; I2 = 99.8%; P heterogeneity = 0.00] and amastigote [18.3 µg/ml; (95% CI 13.5, 23.2); P < 0.05; I2 = 99.6%; P heterogeneity = 0.00] stages of Leishmania. A significant publication bias was observed in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses showed a similar effect size while reducing the heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled effects of leishmanicidal of resveratrol and its derivatives were affected by type of stilbenes and Leishmania species. Conclusions Our findings clearly suggest that the strategies for the treatment of leishmaniasis should be focused on natural products such as RSV and its derivatives. Further study is needed to identify the mechanisms mediating this protective effects of RSV and its derivatives in leishmaniasis.

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Adiposity and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-71676-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomoya Ohno ◽

Dagfinn Aune ◽

Alicia K. Heath

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Several studies have investigated associations between overweight/obesity and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, however, the evidence is not entirely consistent, and previous meta-analyses mainly included case–control studies, which can be affected by various biases. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on adiposity and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases. Random effects models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for rheumatoid arthritis in relation to different measures of adiposity. Thirteen cohort studies (10 publications) were included. The summary RR per 5 kg/m2 increase in body mass index (BMI) was 1.11 (95% CI 1.05–1.18, I2 = 50%), but the association was restricted to women (1.15, 95% CI 1.08–1.21, I2 = 17%) and not observed in men (0.89, 95% CI 0.73–1.09, I2 = 58%). The summary RR per 5 kg/m2 increment in BMI at age 18 years was 1.17 (95% CI 1.01–1.36, I2 = 26%, n = 3), and per 10 cm increase in waist circumference was 1.13 (95% CI 1.02–1.25, I2 = 44%, n = 2). Higher BMI in middle age, BMI at age 18 years, and waist circumference were associated with increased rheumatoid arthritis risk, suggesting adiposity could be targeted for primary prevention.

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Association Between Smoking Hookahs (Shishas) and Higher Risk of Obesity: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease ◽

10.3390/jcdd6020023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Reem Baalbaki ◽

Leila Itani ◽

Lara El Kebbi ◽

Rawan Dehni ◽

Nermine Abbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Large Population ◽

Heart Association ◽

Population Based ◽

Hookah Smoking ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Potential Link ◽

Scientific Statement ◽

Meta Analyses

The American Heart Association has published a scientific statement on the effect of hookah smoking on health outcomes; nevertheless, hookah smoking continues to be popular worldwide, especially among the young. Recent reports mention a potential link between hookah smoking and obesity; however, uncertainties still surround this issue. The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review to clarify whether hookah smoking is associated with a higher risk of obesity among the general population. This study was conducted in compliance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and data were collated by means of a meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis. Of the 818 articles retrieved, five large-population and low-bias studies comprising a total of 16,779 participants met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. All included studies reported that, regardless of gender, hookah smoking increases the risk of obesity among all ages and observed an association between the two after a correction for several confounders or reported a higher prevalence of obesity among hookah smokers. This was confirmed by the meta-analysis. Therefore, hookah smoking seems to be associated with a higher risk of obesity. Public health policymakers should be aware of this for the better management of obesity and weight-related comorbidities.

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Comparison of different approaches to antibiotic restriction in food-producing animals: stratified results from a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001710 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. e001710 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Karen L Tang ◽

Niamh P Caffrey ◽

Diego B Nóbrega ◽

Susan C Cork ◽

Paul E Ronksley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Differential Effectiveness ◽

Different Types ◽

Meta Analyses

BackgroundWe have previously reported, in a systematic review of 181 studies, that restriction of antibiotic use in food-producing animals is associated with a reduction in antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates. While informative, that report did not concretely specify whether different types of restriction are associated with differential effectiveness in reducing resistance. We undertook a sub-analysis of the systematic review to address this question.MethodsWe created a classification scheme of different approaches to antibiotic restriction: (1) complete restriction; (2) single antibiotic-class restriction; (3) single antibiotic restriction; (4) all non-therapeutic use restriction; (5) growth promoter and prophylaxis restriction; (6) growth promoter restriction and (7) other/undetermined. All studies in the original systematic review that were amenable to meta-analysis were included into this substudy and coded by intervention type. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models, stratified by intervention type.ResultsA total of 127 studies were included. The most frequently studied intervention type was complete restriction (n=51), followed by restriction of non-therapeutic (n=33) and growth promoter (n=19) indications. None examined growth promoter and prophylaxis restrictions together. Three and seven studies examined single antibiotic-class and single antibiotic restrictions, respectively; these two intervention types were not significantly associated with reductions in antibiotic resistance. Though complete restrictions were associated with a 15% reduction in antibiotic resistance, less prohibitive approaches also demonstrated reduction in antibiotic resistance of 9%–30%.ConclusionBroad interventions that restrict global antibiotic use appear to be more effective in reducing antibiotic resistance compared with restrictions that narrowly target one specific antibiotic or antibiotic class. Importantly, interventions that allow for therapeutic antibiotic use appear similarly effective compared with those that restrict all uses of antibiotics, suggesting that complete bans are not necessary. These findings directly inform the creation of specific policies to restrict antibiotic use in food-producing animals.

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Effects of Aging on the Color and Translucency of Monolithic Translucent Y-TZP Ceramics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/8875023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Chang-yuan Zhang ◽

Check Agingu ◽

James Kit Hon Tsoi ◽

Hao Yu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Tetragonal Zirconia ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Hydrothermal Aging ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Effects Of Aging ◽

Meta Analyses

Background. Monolithic restorations made of translucent yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) have become popular over the past few decades. However, whether aging affects the color and translucency of monolithic translucent Y-TZP is unclear. Objective. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies was to evaluate the effects of aging on the color and translucency of monolithic translucent Y-TZP ceramics. Materials and Methods. This systematic review/meta-analysis was reported according to the PRISMA statement and registered in the OSF registries (https://osf.io/5qjmu). Four databases including Medline via the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases and the Cochrane Library were searched using no publication year and language limits. The last search was executed on November 20, 2020. In vitro studies comparing the translucency and/or color of monolithic translucent Y-TZP ceramics before and after simulated aging were selected. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager software (version 5.3, Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) with random-effects models at a significance level of 0.05. A risk-of-bias assessment was also performed for the included studies. Results. Of the 188 potentially relevant studies, 13 were included in the systematic review. The hydrothermal aging duration ranged from 1 to 100 h at relatively similar temperatures (~134°C). In the general meta-analyses, the aged Y-TZP ceramics exhibited similar translucency parameter (TP), L ∗ , and b ∗ values compared with the nonaged controls ( P = .73 , P = .49 , and P = .62 , respectively). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the aged and nonaged Y-TZP ceramics in the a ∗ value ( P = .03 ; MD = − 0.26 ; 95% CI = − 0.51 to − 0.02 ), favoring the nonaged Y-TZP ceramics. The subgroup analyses showed that the duration of aging contributed to changes in the translucency and color of the Y-TZP ceramics. Conclusions. The optical properties of monolithic translucent Y-TZP ceramics were stable after hydrothermal aging at 134°C and 0.2 MPa for ≤20 h. Moreover, clinically unacceptable changes in the translucency and color of monolithic translucent Y-TZP ceramics were found after hydrothermal aging for >20 h.

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Use of DIAGNOdent and VistaProof in diagnostic of Pre-Cavitated Caries Lesions—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9010020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés ◽

José María Montiel-Company ◽

Teresa Almerich-Torres ◽

Carlos Bellot-Arcís ◽

José Manuel Almerich-Silla

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

A Value ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Fail Safe ◽

Cavitated Lesions

Objective: To analyse the published evidence of the validity of DIAGNDOdent and VistaProof in diagnosing carious depths in pre-cavitated lesions. Material and methods: A systematic review was carried out after identifying a total of 184 articles, including 27 concerning the qualitative review and a subsequent meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was evaluated by using the QUADAS-2 tool. Results: For DIAGNOdent, the sensitivity value was 0.77, the specificity value was 0.75 and AUC was 0.81 for the global meta-analyses. In relation to subgroups, the values estimated 0.85, 0.76 and 0.86, respectively, for the in vivo group and 0.71, 0.75 and 0.83 for the in vitro group. For VistaProof, sensitivity was 0.81, specificity 0.75 and AUC had a value of 0.80 in the global meta-analysis. For the subgroups, these were considered at 0.75, 0.81 and 0.89, respectively, for the in vivo group and 0.91, 0.74 and 0.76 for the in vitro group. Neither case presented publication bias when analysing the funnel plot, the classic fail-safe number and Egger’s intercept. Conclusion: Both VistaProof and DIAGNOdent are valid as they offer a moderate to high diagnostic effectiveness for dentine depth in pre-cavitated lesions.

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Prevalence and prognostic value of elevated troponins in patients hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Intensive Care ◽

10.1186/s40560-020-00508-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bing-Cheng Zhao ◽

Wei-Feng Liu ◽

Shao-Hui Lei ◽

Bo-Wei Zhou ◽

Xiao Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Reference Limit ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Upper Reference Limit ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background The clinical significance of cardiac troponin measurement in patients hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is uncertain. We investigated the prevalence of elevated troponins in these patients and its prognostic value for predicting mortality. Methods Studies were identified by searching electronic databases and preprint servers. We included studies of hospitalised covid-19 patients that reported the frequency of troponin elevations above the upper reference limit and/or the association between troponins and mortality. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. Results Fifty-one studies were included. Elevated troponins were found in 20.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.8–25.0 %) of patients who received troponin test on hospital admission. Elevated troponins on admission were associated with a higher risk of subsequent death (risk ratio 2.68, 95% CI 2.08–3.46) after adjusting for confounders in multivariable analysis. The pooled sensitivity of elevated admission troponins for predicting death was 0.60 (95% CI 0.54–0.65), and the specificity was 0.83 (0.77–0.88). The post-test probability of death was about 42% for patients with elevated admission troponins and was about 9% for those with non-elevated troponins on admission. There was significant heterogeneity in the analyses, and many included studies were at risk of bias due to the lack of systematic troponin measurement and inadequate follow-up. Conclusion Elevated troponins were relatively common in patients hospitalised for covid-19. Troponin measurement on admission might help in risk stratification, especially in identifying patients at high risk of death when troponin levels are elevated. High-quality prospective studies are needed to validate these findings. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020176747

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