Frequency and predictors of miliary tuberculosis in patients with miliary pulmonary nodules in South Korea: A retrospective cohort study

This is a retrospective cohort study using notification data in South Korea. We evaluated the nationwide status, regional differences, and the determinants of treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients. Treatment success rate improved from 77.0% in 2012 to 86.0% in 2015. The lost to follow-up rate was higher among older people, males, and foreign nationals. Health care facilities designated for the Public-Private Mix (PPM) project showed higher success rate and lower rate of lost to follow-up. Moreover, municipalities with low regional deprivation index had higher PPM project coverage. Since there is a large regional difference in the coverage of the PPM project, an additional community-based support program should be implemented, especially for tuberculosis patients residing in region with low PPM project coverage.

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The Prediction and Prognosis of Fungal Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients—A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7080639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 639

Author(s):

Yae-Jee Baek ◽

Yun-Suk Cho ◽

Moo-Hyun Kim ◽

Jong-Hoon Hyun ◽

Yu-Jin Sohn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

South Korea ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Lung Transplant ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

Lung Transplant Recipients

(1) Background: Lung transplant recipients (LTRs) are at substantial risk of invasive fungal disease (IFD), although no consensus has been reached on the use of antifungal agents (AFAs) after lung transplantation (LTx). This study aimed to assess the risk factors and prognosis of fungal infection after LTx in a single tertiary center in South Korea. (2) Methods: The study population included all patients who underwent LTx between January 2012 and July 2019 at a tertiary hospital. It was a retrospective cohort study. Culture, bronchoscopy, and laboratory findings were reviewed during episodes of infection. (3) Results: Fungus-positive respiratory samples were predominant in the first 90 days and the overall cumulative incidence of Candida spp. was approximately three times higher than that of Aspergillus spp. In the setting of itraconazole administration for 6 months post-LTx, C. glabrata accounted for 36.5% of all Candida-positive respiratory samples. Underlying connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease, use of AFAs before LTx, a longer length of hospital stay after LTx, and old age were associated with developing a fungal infection after LTx. IFD and fungal infection treatment failure significantly increased overall mortality. Host factors, antifungal drug resistance, and misdiagnosis of non-Aspergillus molds could attribute to the breakthrough fungal infections. (4) Conclusions: Careful bronchoscopy, prompt fungus culture, and appropriate use of antifungal therapies are recommended during the first year after LTx.

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PCN96 Economic Burden of BRAIN Metastasis in NON SMALL CELL LUNG Cancer in South Korea: Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2020.08.233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. S439

Author(s):

Y.B. Shim ◽

J.Y. Byun ◽

P. Mi-Hai

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Brain Metastasis ◽

South Korea ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung

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Comparative Risk of Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 among Proton Pump Inhibitor and Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Users: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-882550/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jimyung Park ◽

Seng Chan You ◽

Jaehyeong Cho ◽

Chan Hyuk Park ◽

Woon Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

South Korea ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Large Scale ◽

All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate incidence risk and severe clinical outcomes in COVID-19 disease among short-term users of acid-suppressants in South Korea.Methods: This retrospective cohort study, conducted using a nationwide claims database for South Korea, used data from patients with COVID-19 tested between January 1 and May 15, 2020. Patients aged over 18 years and prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) for more than 7 days were identified. Primary outcome was COVID-19 while secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, hospitalization with respiratory disease, or intensive respiratory intervention. Large-scale propensity scores were used to match patients, while the Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to evaluate any association between exposure and outcome(s). The risk estimates were calibrated by using 123 falsification endpoints.Results: We identified 26,166 PPI users and 62,117 H2RA users. After propensity score matching, compared to H2RA use, PPI use was not significantly associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (calibrated hazard ratio [HR], 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30–2.19]); moreover, PPI use was not associated with adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19, namely, hospitalization with respiratory disease (calibrated HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.72–1.08]), intensive respiratory interventions (calibrated HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.46–1.82]), except for all-cause mortality (calibrated HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.31–0.95]).Conclusions: In this study, we found that the PPI user was not associated with risk of COVID-19 compared to H2RA users. There was no significant relationship between severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and exposure to PPI compared with H2RA, except for all-cause mortality.

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Follow-up of incidental pulmonary nodules and association with mortality in a safety-net cohort

Diagnosis ◽

10.1515/dx-2019-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 351-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jonathan S. Lee ◽

Sarah Lisker ◽

Eric Vittinghoff ◽

Roy Cherian ◽

David B. McCoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Pulmonary Nodules ◽

Safety Net ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Multivariable Models

Abstract Background Though incidental pulmonary nodules are common, rates of guideline-recommended surveillance and associations between surveillance and mortality are unclear. In this study, we describe adherence (categorized as complete, partial, late and none) to guideline-recommended surveillance among patients with incidental 5–8 mm pulmonary nodules and assess associations between adherence and mortality. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 551 patients (≥35 years) with incidental pulmonary nodules conducted from September 1, 2008 to December 31, 2016, in an integrated safety-net health network. Results Of the 551 patients, 156 (28%) had complete, 87 (16%) had partial, 93 (17%) had late and 215 (39%) had no documented surveillance. Patients were followed for a median of 5.2 years [interquartile range (IQR), 3.6–6.7 years] and 82 (15%) died during follow-up. Adjusted all-cause mortality rates ranged from 2.24 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24–3.25] deaths per 100 person-years for complete follow-up to 3.30 (95% CI, 2.36–4.23) for no follow-up. In multivariable models, there were no statistically significant associations between the levels of surveillance and mortality (p > 0.16 for each comparison with complete surveillance). Compared with complete surveillance, adjusted mortality rates were non-significantly increased by 0.45 deaths per 100 person-years (95% CI, −1.10 to 2.01) for partial, 0.55 (95% CI, −1.08 to 2.17) for late and 1.05 (95% CI, −0.35 to 2.45) for no surveillance. Conclusions Although guideline-recommended surveillance of small incidental pulmonary nodules was incomplete or absent in most patients, gaps in surveillance were not associated with statistically significant increases in mortality in a safety-net population.

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