Evaluation of pharmacological activities and assessment of intraocular penetration of an ayurvedic polyherbal eye drop (Itone™) in experimental models

Backgrounds: Plants and their derived products have been used in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of various forms of human disorders since very ancient time. In the traditional system of medicine and modern allopathic medicine, numerous phytoconstituents have been used for the preparation of various types of formulation. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals are the main active phytoconstituents of plants, fruit, vegetables and beverages. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals are more referred as “nutraceuticals” due to their important pharmacological activities in the mammalian body. Methods: In order to understand the health beneficial effects of flavonoidal class chemical, present work summarized the health beneficial aspects of pectolinarin. Present work summarized the medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of pectolinarin with various experimental models and advance analytical methods. However, all the collected scientific information’s have been analyzed in the present work for their health beneficial potential. Results: From the analysis of all the collected scientific information in the present work it was found that pectolinarin is an important phytochemical found to be present in the numerous medicinal plants but especially found in Cirsium japonicum which is an important medicinal herb of Korea, China and Japan. Pharmacological activities data analysis signified the health beneficial potential of pectolinarin for their anti-rheumatoid arthritis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-dengue, antiviral, neuroprotective and antidepressant activity. However effectiveness of pectolinarin in central nervous system, bone, liver and cancerous disorders have been also reported in the literature. Analysis of present scientific information revealed the health beneficial potential of pectolinarin in the modern medicine due to their numerous pharmacological activities in different part of biological systems. Due to their biological importance in food and human health, a better understanding of their biological activities indicates their potentials as therapeutic agents. Conclusion: Scientific data of the present work signified the biological potential and therapeutic benefit of pectolinarin.

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An Updated Review: Adhatoda vasica

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2590 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 3981-3987

Author(s):

Fathima T ◽

Suresh Joghee ◽

Ann Maria Alex

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Adhatoda Vasica ◽

Therapeutic Uses ◽

The Family ◽

The World ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Whole Plants

The present review mainly focuses on the morphological and pharmacological activities of the Adhatoda vasica belonging to the family Acanthaceae, which is commonly referred to as Adosa or Adsogi. It also focuses on the evidence based therapeutic uses of A.vasica in various experimental models. This plant is found in all the ecosystem in India and other parts of the world as well. Because of its greater availability and multitude of pharmacological activities, the plant is being used in the treatment of numerous diseases. Extracts of various parts of the plants such as bark, root, leaf, flower, fruit and many a times, the whole plants are used in the management of pain, inflammation, asthma, cold, cough, diabetes, bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery and other upper respiratory diseases and it is also used to heal wounds; is utilised as an insecticide, and also used as abortifacient. In asthma and acute stages of bronchitis, the extract of vasica offers an unflagging result by decreasing the thickness of the sputum. Because of the above mentioned reasons the plant has greater importance in the various systems of medicines such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. According to the texts, the plant has greater power on asthma, abortifacient and uterotonic. Numerous trials have been conducted to prove the effects of A.vasica on asthma which led to its inclusion in WHO manual. According to the present day studies the alkaloids such as vasicinone, vasicine, and oxyvasicine which are present in A.vasica are responsible for most of the activities. But extensive studies need to be conducted to understand the constituent responsible for abortifacient and uterotonic activity.

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Pharmacological Properties of 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-Geranyl Acetophenone and the Underlying Signaling Pathways: Progress and Prospects

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.736339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yee Han Chan ◽

Kong Yen Liew ◽

Ji Wei Tan ◽

Khozirah Shaari ◽

Daud Ahmad Israf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Drug Lead ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Different Parts

2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone (tHGA) is a bioactive phloroglucinol compound found in Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G.Hartley, a medicinal plant vernacularly known as “tenggek burung”. A variety of phytochemicals have been isolated from different parts of the plant including leaves, stems, and roots by using several extraction methods. Specifically, tHGA, a drug-like compound containing phloroglucinol structural core with acyl and geranyl group, has been identified in the methanolic extract of the young leaves. Due to its high nutritional and medicinal values, tHGA has been extensively studied by using various experimental models. These studies have successfully discovered various interesting pharmacological activities of tHGA such as anti-inflammatory, endothelial and epithelial barrier protective, anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer. More in-depth investigations later found that these activities were attributable to the modulatory actions exerted by tHGA on specific molecular targets. Despite these findings, the association between the mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying each pharmacological activity remains largely unknown. Also, little is known about the medicinal potentials of tHGA as a drug lead in the current pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, this mini review aims to summarize and relate the pharmacological activities of tHGA in terms of their respective mechanisms of action and signaling pathways in order to present a perspective into the overall modulatory actions exerted by tHGA. Besides that, this mini review will also pinpoint the unexplored potentials of this compound and provide some valuable insights into the potential applications of tHGA which may serve as a guide for the development of modern medication in the future.

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EVALUATION OF HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF YANGAMBIN ISOLATED FROM Ocotea duckei VATTIMO-GIL

American Journal of Histology and Cytology ◽

10.28933/ajohc-2021-05-1805 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Hemolytic Activity ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Positive Control ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Hemolysis Assay ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Hemolytic Action

Yangambin, a lignan isolated from the leaves of Ocotea duckei Vattimo-Gil, has several pharmacological activities described in literature. However, few information about its toxicity has been reported. Red cells represent about 90% of blood cells and have interesting structural and molecular characteristics as experimental models in toxicological studies. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hemolytic action of yangambin in sheep blood. The hemolysis assay was performed at concentrations of 50, 25 and 12.5 µg/mL of yangambin in triplicate and hemolysis percentage was defined through the absorbance resulting from the test concentrations compared to the positive control. The results showed that yangambin did not cause hemolysis at the concentrations tested, therefore it did not cause damage to the plasma membrane of sheep erythrocytes.

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Potentials of Raspberry Ketone as a Natural Antioxidant

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 482

Author(s):

Sung Ho Lim ◽

Chang-Ik Choi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Functional Health ◽

Health Food ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Raspberry Ketone ◽

Effective Antioxidant ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Oxidative stress is closely linked to various diseases, and many studies have been conducted to determine how to reduce this stress. In particular, efforts are being made to find potential antioxidants from natural products. Studies have shown that raspberry ketone (RK; 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone) has various pharmacological activities. This review summarizes the antioxidant activities of RK and their underlying mechanisms. In several experimental models, it was proven that RK exhibits antioxidant properties through increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC); upregulating antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); and improving lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, research about RK’s antioxidant activities is directly or indirectly related to its other various physiological activities. Further studies at the clinical level will be able to verify the value of RK as an effective antioxidant, functional health food, and therapeutic agent.

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ACE2 as therapeutic agent

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20200570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (19) ◽

pp. 2581-2595

Author(s):

Qiuhong Li ◽

Maria B. Grant ◽

Elaine M. Richards ◽

Mohan K. Raizada

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Peptide Hormone ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Ang Ii ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Overwhelming Evidence ◽

Future Challenges

Abstract The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a critical regulator of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which plays important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating vascular tone, fluid and electrolyte balance. ACE2 functions as a carboxymonopeptidase hydrolyzing the cleavage of a single C-terminal residue from Angiotensin-II (Ang-II), the key peptide hormone of RAS, to form Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), which binds to the G-protein–coupled Mas receptor and activates signaling pathways that counteract the pathways activated by Ang-II. ACE2 is expressed in a variety of tissues and overwhelming evidence substantiates the beneficial effects of enhancing ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis under many pathological conditions in these tissues in experimental models. This review will provide a succinct overview on current strategies to enhance ACE2 as therapeutic agent, and discuss limitations and future challenges. ACE2 also has other functions, such as acting as a co-factor for amino acid transport and being exploited by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) as cellular entry receptor, the implications of these functions in development of ACE2-based therapeutics will also be discussed.

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