scholarly journals Assaying the effect of yeasts on growth of fungi associated with disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikő Horváth ◽  
Matthias Sipiczki ◽  
Hajnalka Csoma ◽  
Ida Miklós
Keyword(s):  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pichia Anomala ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Kodamaea Ohmeri ◽  
Bioactive Agents

Abstract Background Pathogenic fungi often cause serious infections mainly in immunocompromised persons. The number of infections caused by the non-albicans Candida or other species has significantly increased over the last years. These infections present a major challenge in the health sector because these pathogenic fungi have strong virulence and often show resistance to the commonly used antifungal treatments. To solve the problems caused by the drug resistant pathogenic fungi, it is necessary to find new antifungal agents and their sources. The aim of this study was to give evidence that yeasts can effectively fight against strains which belong to pathogenic fungi and reveal those yeasts which are able to inhibit growth of Kodamaea ohmeri, Pichia kudriavzevii, Naganishia albida or Candida tropicalis. Furthermore, we wanted to determine the effects of certain culturing factors on the growth inhibition. Results Our screening revealed that although the strains belonging to pathogenic species were much more tolerant to the yeast-produced bioactive agents than the non-disease-associated yeasts, growth of Kodamaea ohmeri and Candida tropicalis could be inhibited by Metschnikowia andauensis, while Naganishia albida could be controlled by Pichia anomala or Candida tropicalis. Our data proved that the experimental circumstances could have a serious impact on the inhibitory capacity of the yeasts. Appearance of inhibition strongly depended on media, pH and temperature. Our data also shed some light on the fact that Pichia kudriavzevii must have high natural resistance to the yeast-produced agents, while other species, such as Saccharomycopsis crataegensis belonged to the easily inhibitable species. Conclusions Our study suggests that yeast-produced bioactive agents could be potential growth inhibitory agents against the disease-associated fungi and yeasts can also contribute to alternative approaches to combat against pathogenic fungi. Our data revealed an important role of the culturing factors in inhibition and pointed to the complex nature of antagonism.

scholarly journals Yeasts are able to inhibit growth of disease-associated fungi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikő Horváth ◽  
Matthias Sipiczki ◽  
Hajnalka Csoma ◽  
Ida Miklos
Keyword(s):  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pichia Anomala ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Cryptococcus Albidus ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Agents ◽  
Associated Species

Abstract Background Fungal sepsis is often caused by non-albicans Candida or other species. These disease-associated species have strong virulence and often show resistance to the commonly used antifungal treatments. Therefore, finding new inhibitory agents nowadays is increasingly urgent.Results Our screening revealed that although the pathogenic fungi were much more tolerant to yeast-produced bioactive agents than the non-disease-associated yeasts, growth of Kodamaea ohmeri and Candida tropicalis could be inhibited by Metschnikowia andauensis , while Cryptococcus albidus can be controlled by Pichia anomala and Candida tropicalis. The size of the inhibitory zone formed by yeasts was depended on media, pH and temperature. However, extensive studies were carried out, we failed to find inhibitory yeast against Pichia kudriavzevii, suggesting that it must have high natural resistance.Conclusions Certain yeast species can contribute to the future solutions of problems caused by fungal resistance and can be good candidates for finding new bioactive agents which inhibit growth of disease-associated fungi.

scholarly journals Efficacy of four selective Trichoderma isolates as plant growth promoters in two peanut varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
M. Kamaruzzaman ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
M. U. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Trichoderma species are generally used as potential bio control agents against wide range of plant pathogenic fungi and some strains are reported to produce metabolites that enhance plant growth. In the current study we evaluated the four Trichoderma isolates viz. T. harzianum (ST5), T. viride (ST6), T. virens (ST7) and T. atroviride (ST9) including a control were tested as seed treatment against to find out a potential growth-promoter of Peanut. T. harzianum (ST5) gave maximum length and weight of shoot, weight of roots with pods, weight of pods and number of nodules per plant. T. viride (ST6) showed higher plant growth, nodulation and yield compared to T. virens (ST7) and T. atroviride (ST9). Minimum growth, yield and nodulation were observed with control treatment.

scholarly journals Innate Immune Receptors and Defense Against Primary Pathogenic Fungi

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Theo N. Kirkland ◽  
Joshua Fierer
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Immune Receptors ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Paracoccidioides Spp ◽  
Human Infections

The innate immune system is critical for natural resistance to all pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi. The innate response plays a vital role in resistance to infections before the antigen-specific immune response and also influences antigen-specific adaptive immunity. There are many different receptors for the innate immune response to fungi, and some receptors have been found to play a significant role in the response to human infections with opportunistic fungi. Most human infections are caused by opportunistic fungi, but a small number of organisms are capable of causing infections in normal hosts. The primary pathogenic fungi that cause invasive infections include Blastomyces spp., Cryptococcus gattii, Coccidioides spp., Histoplasma spp., and Paracoccidioides spp. In this review of innate immune receptors that play a role in infections caused by these organisms, we find that innate immunity differs between organisms.

scholarly journals Molekularna identifikacija kvasaca iz svježeg mlijeka i tradicionalno proizvedenog svježeg sira

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-610
Author(s):  
Manuela Zadravec ◽  
Tomislav Mikuš ◽  
Mario Mitak ◽  
Maja Kiš ◽  
Sanja Furmeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Issatchenkia Orientalis

Kvasci su česti zagađivači mliječnih proizvoda, međutim, koriste se i kao starter kulture za poboljšavanje svojstava finalnog proizvoda. Njihova prisutnost u povećanom broju može prouzročiti nepoželjne promjene mliječnih proizvoda, kao što su neugodan miris, okus i izgled. Klasična identifikacija kvasaca na temelju morfoloških i biokemijskih svojstava spora je i nepouzdana. Cilj rada bio je identificirati kvasce iz 30 uzoraka mlijeka i svježeg sira te ustvrditi pripadaju li izolirani kvasci u poželjne ili nepoželjne vrste, odnosno predstavljaju li potencijalni rizik po zdravlje ljudi. Izolirani kvasci identificirani su sekvenciranjem D1/D2 regije gena 28 S rRNK. Dobivenim sekvencama ustvrđeno je da izolirani kvasci pripadaju vrstama: Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida tropicalis, Trichosporon coremiiforme, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Trichosporon ovoides, Pichia kudriavzevii, Issatchenkia orientalis, koje se smatraju kvascima zagađenja te Debaryomyces hansenii vrsti koja se može koristiti i kao starter kultura. S obzirom da kvasci nisu termorezistentni mikroorganizmi, trebali bi biti uklonjeni tijekom pasterizacije, no u tradicionalnom načinu proizvodnje sira mlijeko se termički ne obrađuje, stoga je povećan rizik od pojavnosti kvasaca u finalnom proizvodu. Izolirane se vrste vrlo često nalaze i u okolišu i/ili na ljudima, odnosno životinjama. Stoga se nameće zaključak kako se glavnina kontaminacije kvascima događa kao posljedica neadekvatne higijenske prakse.

scholarly journals Health and education provider collaboration to deliver adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Sri Lanka

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela J Dawson ◽  
Kumuda Wijewardena ◽  
Ellie Black
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
And Training

The complex nature of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) determinants demands a multidisciplinary and intersectoral approach. Collaborative approaches are central to the delivery of quality health care and services but the focus is often health sector specific. Few research studies have explored the views and experiences of health workers and teachers and examined how ASRH services and information are provided by professionals across the education and health sector. Sri Lanka has made considerable progress towards addressing the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), however, there are still gaps reflected in adolescent health, social indicators, and the delivery of services. Enhancing the collective efforts of teachers and health professionals may help to improve the quality and use of services and ASRH knowledge. This study aimed to identify the experiences, needs, knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary healthcare and education professionals and the strategies that best support them to deliver sexual and reproductive health information, education, counseling and clinical services to Sri Lankan adolescents. Qualitative and survey data were gathered from 65 nurses, midwives, public health inspectors, medical officers, teachers, counselors and principals in the district of Kalutara. Knowledge, attitudes and service gaps were identified in relation to contraception and policy guiding practice. Participants highlighted concerns with confidence, roles and training that were said to affect student access to appropriate health services. ASRH Collaborative practices were noted across the sectors and strategies suggested for improvement. Findings suggest that inter-professional educa-tion and training may provide opportunities to enhance collaboration supported and guided by appropriate policy, supervision and job descriptions (i.e. roles and responsibilities). South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2013; 3(1): 42-49 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i1.17710

Immunity to Invasive Fungal Diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Invasive Fungal Diseases

Invasive fungal diseases are rare in individuals with intact immunity. This, together with the fact that there are only a few species that account for most mycotic diseases, implies a remarkable natural resistance to pathogenic fungi. Mammalian immunity to fungi rests on two pillars, powerful immune mechanisms and elevated temperatures that create a thermal restriction zone for most fungal species. Conditions associated with increased susceptibility generally reflect major disturbances of immune function involving both the cellular and humoral innate and adaptive arms, which implies considerable redundancy in host defense mechanisms against fungi. In general, tissue fungal invasion is controlled through either neutrophil or granulomatous inflammation, depending on the fungal species. Neutrophils are critical against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. while macrophages are essential for controlling mycoses due to Cryptococcus spp., Histoplasma spp., and other fungi. The increasing number of immunocompromised patients together with climate change could significantly increase the prevalence of fungal diseases. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The Persistent Challenge of Pneumocystis Growth Outside the Mammalian Lung: Past and Future Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie T. Cushion ◽  
Nikeya Tisdale-Macioce ◽  
Steven G. Sayson ◽  
Aleksey Porollo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Mammalian Lung ◽  
Air Lift

The pathogenic fungi in the genus, Pneumocystis, have eluded attempts to continuously grow them in an ex vivo cultivation system. New data from transcriptomic and genomic sequencing studies have identified a myriad of absent metabolic pathways, helping to define their host obligate nature. These nutrients, factors, and co-factors are acquired from their mammalian host and provide clues to further supplementation of existing media formulations. Likewise, a new appreciation of the pivotal role for the sexual cycle in the survival and dissemination of the infection suggests that Pneumocystis species are obligated to undergo mating and sexual reproduction in their life cycle with a questionable role for an asexual cycle. The lack of ascus formation in any previous cultivation attempts may explain the failure to identify a sustainable system. Many characteristics of these ascomycetes suggest a biotrophic existence within the lungs of the mammalian hosts. In the present review, previous attempts at growing these fungi ex vivo are summarized. The significance of their life cycle is considered, and a list of potential supplements based on the genomic and transcriptomic studies is presented. State of the art technologies such as metabolomics, organoids, lung-on-a chip, and air lift cultures are discussed as potential growth systems.

Transforming South Africa’s health sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Katuu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
Content Management ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges of transforming South Africa’s health sector through the country’s eHealth Strategy and particularly one of its key components, the implementation of an integrated Electronic Document and Records Management System (EDRMS). Design/methodology/approach The study conducted an extensive review of literature and used it as a basis to analyse the challenges as well as opportunities in South Africa’s transformation path within its health sector based on the nation’s eHealth Strategy. Findings South Africa’s health sector faces three main transformation challenges: inequity, legacy of fragmentation and a service delivery structure biased towards curative rather than preventive services. Health information systems provide a solid platform for improving efficiency but, within South Africa, these systems have been highly heterogeneous. A recent study showed the country had more than 40 individual health information systems scattered in all provinces, with over 50 per cent not adhering to any national or international standards and more than 25 per cent being stand-alone applications that shared information neither locally nor externally. The eHealth Strategy offers a robust platform to start addressing the legacy of fragmentation and lack of interoperability. However, it also raises a few other concerns, including the use of different terminology such as Electronic Medical Record (EMR) interchangeable with Electronic Health Record (EHR), or EDRMS parallel with Electronic Content Management (ECM). In addition, there is the opportunity to explore the use of the maturity model concept in the EDRMS implementation experiences within South Africa. Originality/value This paper demonstrated the complex nature of the legacy of fragmentation in South Africa’s health information systems and explored three aspects relating to terminology as well as maturity models that should be considered in the country’s future eHealth Strategy.

scholarly journals N-Acetylglucosamine Induces White-to-Opaque Switching and Mating in Candida tropicalis, Providing New Insights into Adaptation and Fungal Sexual Evolution

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xie ◽  
Han Du ◽  
Guobo Guan ◽  
Yaojun Tong ◽  
Themistoklis K. Kourkoumpetis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Phenotypic Switching ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Sexual Mating

ABSTRACTPathogenic fungi are capable of switching between different phenotypes, each of which has a different biological advantage. In the most prevalent human fungal pathogen,Candida albicans, phenotypic transitions not only improve its adaptation to a continuously changing host microenvironment but also regulate sexual mating. In this report, we show thatCandida tropicalis, another important human opportunistic pathogen, undergoes reversible and heritable phenotypic switching, referred to as the “white-opaque” transition. Here we show thatN-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), an inducer of white-to-opaque switching inC. albicans, promotes opaque-cell formation and mating and also inhibits filamentation in a number of naturalC. tropicalisstrains. Our results suggest that host chemical signals may facilitate this phenotypic switching and mating ofC. tropicalis, which had been previously thought to reproduce asexually. Overexpression of theC. tropicalis WOR1gene inC. albicansinduces opaque-cell formation. Additionally, an intermediate phase between white and opaque was observed inC. tropicalis, indicating that the switching could be tristable.

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