scholarly journals Bacterial profile of high-touch surfaces, leftover drugs and antiseptics together with their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsedewoyn Firesbhat ◽  
Abiye Tigabu ◽  
Birhanemeskel Tegene ◽  
Baye Gelaw
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background The hospital environment serves as a source of nosocomial infections, which pose a major therapeutic challenge. Although many bacteria species are common in hospital environments, their distribution, frequency, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from high-touch surfaces, leftover drugs, and antiseptics in different wards remain largely unknown. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and frequency of bacterial contaminants and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods A total of 384 samples were collected from five selected wards and processed according to standard bacteriological procedures. Samples were collected from high-touch surface using swabs and inoculated on Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Chocolate agar and Mannitol salt agar plates, and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. On the other hand, the leftover drugs and 80% ethanol samples were collected using sterile cotton swab immersed in sterile tryptone soy broth then inoculated on culture medias and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Identification of bacteria species was done using the morphological characteristics, Gram stain, and biochemical tests while antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute 2021guidelines. Results Among the 384 samples processed, 102 (26.6%) were culture positive and a total of 114 bacterial isolates were identified. Gram-positive bacterial isolates were predominant, 64.9%, while Gram-negatives were 35.1%. The most frequently isolated bacteria were coagulase negative Staphylococci (38.6%) followed by S. aureus (13.2%) and P. aeruginosa (11.4%). On the other hand, the proportion of bacteria isolated from surgical ward, post-natal ward, orthopedic ward, trauma ward, and neonatal intensive care unit ward were 24.6, 21, 20.2, 18.4,15.8%, respectively. Sinks were mainly contaminated with Klebsiella species (81.8%) and A. baumannii (55.6%), while A. baumannii (22.2%) was the most contaminant for 80% ethanol. Gram-positive bacteria had significantly high resistance levels to penicillin (67.6%), cotrimoxazole (67.8%), and cefepime (80%). On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria revealed the highest resistance levels to tetracycline (82.4%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (76.5%), cefepime (66.7%), ceftazidime (67.5%), and piperacillin (92.3%). Moreover, the proportion of multidrug resistant bacteria isolates was 44.7%. Conclusions Data of the present study showed that coagulase negative Staphylococci was the dominant bacterial isolates followed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The proportion of multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates was relatively high. Therefore, appropriate infection prevention and control measures should be implemented.

Gut Flora in Autistic Children as Biomarker for Autism in Thi-Qar Province/Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

This is the first study that investigated the microbial factor as biomarker in autistic children and discuss roles of this factor in the pathogenesis of autism. The participants in current study were 145 persons, only 50 sample of stool could collected (35 autistic children and 15 healthy children). Autistic children were attended to autism unit at Disabled Hospital in Thi-Qar province, Iraq during the period from January to November 2016. The results showed males (81%) more than female (19%) with ratio 4:1 and also results explain the age group of 3-5 years recorded the highest percentage (41.05%). Distribution of autistic children according to sibling showed six were brotherly with occurrence rate 6.3%. Stool samples were subjected to examination and culture. The total aerobic count of isolated bacteria was 140 isolates. Gram-negative isolates were identified by API Enterobacteriaceae system. The results were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis with percentage 38.5%, 19.23%, 11.53%,7.69%, and 3.84% respectively. On the other hand, gram positive cocci isolates included Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. epidermidis with percentage 11.53%, 4.80% and 2.88% respectively. A significant difference (P≤0.05) was recorded between bacterial isolates. Quantity and quality of isolated bacteria (colony/g *104) were done. E.coli isolates were the highest count with 261*104 colony/g while, Staphylococci epidermidis were recorded the worse colony count with 30*104 colony/g. The quality results showed Escherichia coli the most common gram negative bacterial isolates (38.46%). On the other hand, the highest gram positive cocci isolates were included Enterococcus faecalis (11.53%), with significant difference (P≤0.05) between bacterial isolates. The ability of bacterial isolates to produce histidine decarboxylase was examined on Niven medium. The positive result include colonies with purple halo around them. Only 10 isolates (25%) from all isolates were produce histidine belong to E.coli. On other hand, result of parasite examination explain no parasite in all samples. From this study can conclusion the altered gut microflora may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of autism. Despite the accurate evidence, this etiological heterogeneity is still not recognized by autism researchers, and most studies fail to take it into account.

scholarly journals Bacterial Isolates and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound Infections among Inpatients and Outpatients Attending the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynalem Mohammed ◽  
Mengistu Endris Seid ◽  
Teklay Gebrecherkos ◽  
Moges Tiruneh ◽  
Feleke Moges
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
The University ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background.The widespread uses of antibiotics, together with the length of time over which they have been available, have led to the emergence of resistant bacterial pathogens contributing to morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to assess bacterial isolates and their drug susceptibility patterns from inpatients and outpatients with pus and/or wound discharge.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital from March to May, 2014. Wound swab samples were collected from each study participant and inoculated into appropriate media. The bacterial pathogens were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion technique following Kirby-Bauer method.Results.A total of 137 study subjects were included in the study with bacterial isolation rate of 115 (83.9%). Of all, 81 (59.1%) were males. Seventy-seven (57%) of the isolates were Gram-negative and 59 (43%) were Gram-positive. From the total isolates,Staphylococcus aureuswas the most predominant isolate 39/115 (34%) followed by Klebsiella species (13%), coagulase negative staphylococci spp. (12%) andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram-positive isolates were resistant to ampicillin (86.4%), amoxicillin (83%), penicillin (81.3%), oxacillin (74.6%), and tetracycline (59.4%), while Gram-negative isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (97.4%), ampicillin (94.8%), tetracycline (72.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (66%), and chloramphenicol (54.5%).Conclusion. High prevalence of bacterial isolates was found,Staphylococcus aureusbeing the most dominant. High rates of multiple drug resistance pathogens to the commonly used antimicrobial agents were isolated. Therefore, concerned bodies should properly monitor the choice of antibiotics to be used as prophylaxis and empiric treatment in the study area.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebremedhin Yenehun Worku ◽  
Yerega alamneh belete ◽  
Woldaregay Erku Abegaz
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
High Level ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused by colonization and growth of microorganisms within the urinary system. Diabetic patients are more prone to bacterial urinary tract infections due to impaired host defense and high glucose concentration in urine. Surveillance of urinary tract pathogens and their antibiogram is a key to patient management. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial UTI and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (AST) among diabetes patients. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July, 2018. Two hundred twenty-five mid-stream urine samples were collected for culture and identification based on the standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done for all positive urine cultures by Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion method based on CLSI guidelines. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.2.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20 statistical software. Binary and multiple logistic regression test results were used.Results: The study result revealed 9.8% overall UTI prevalence. Five species of bacterial uropathogens were isolated. Among these, E. coli (63.6%) was the leading followed by K. pneumoniae (13.6%). In this study, significant bacteriuria was strongly associated with duration of diabetics, previous UTI and symptomatic UTI. Gram-negative bacterial isolates showed high level of sensitivity (100%) to nitrofurantoin and meropenem. On the contrary, high level of resistance (100 %) for ampicillin, doxycycline, cefuroxime, and (94.4 %) amoxacillin-clavulanate were observed. No resistance was observed among gram positive bacterial isolates except penicillin (100 % resistance). Over all prevalence of MDR was 100 % For Gram-negative bacteria.Conclusion: Presence of previous urinary tract infection and duration of diabetes were found as important factors that increase the prevalence of UTI among diabetes patients. This study also showed high prevalence of drug resistance to doxycycline, amoxacillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime and penicillin for both Gram- negative and Gram- positive bacteria. Therefore, since therapeutic selection for empirical treatment and management should be based on the knowledge of the local bacterial profile and antimicrobial response, we suggest physicians take this high resistance profile in to consideration when prescribing antimicrobials against the pathogens in question.

scholarly journals Bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors among bloodstream infection suspected patients attending Arba Minch General Hospital, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkam Birru ◽  
Melat Woldemariam ◽  
Aseer Manilal ◽  
Addis Aklilu ◽  
Tsegaye Tsalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

AbstractBacterial bloodstream infections are of great concern globally. Of late, the emergence of drug resistant bacteria worsen the related morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to determine the bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors among the blood stream infection (BSI) suspected patients attending the Arba Minch General Hospital (AMGH), southern Ethiopia, from 01 June through 31st August, 2020. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 225 BSI suspected patients. Systematic random sampling method was used to select patients. Blood culture was done to isolate bacterial pathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by employing the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done by Statistical Package for Social Service (SPSS) version 22. The rate of prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed cases was 22/225 (9.8%). Majority of BSI were caused by Gram-positive cocci, 13/22 (59.1%), particularly the isolates of S. aureus, 7/22 (31.8%) followed by Enterococci species, 4/22 (18.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), 2/22 (9.1%). Among the Gram-negative bacteria 9/22 (41.1%), Klebsiella species 4/22 (18.2%) was the prominent one followed by Escherichia coli 2/22 (9.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2/22 (9.1%), and Enterobacter species 1/22 (4.5%). All the isolates of Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to meropenem whereas 69.2% of the isolates of Gram-positive counterparts were susceptible to erythromycin. Slightly above two third (68.2%) of the total isolates were multidrug resistant. Insertion of a peripheral intravenous line was significantly associated with BSI [p = 0.03; Adjusted Odds Ratio = 4.82; (Confidence Interval: 1.08–21.46)]. Overall results revealed that eventhough the prevalence of BSI in Arba Minch is comparatively lower (9.8%), multidrug resistance is alarmingly on the rise, which is to be addressed through effective surveillance and control strategies.

scholarly journals Incidence and susceptibility patterns of urine bacterial flora in young females

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwag Shami ◽  
Samiah Al-Mijalli ◽  
Ali Somily ◽  
Fawziah M. Albarakaty ◽  
Samah Awad AbduRahim
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

AbstractBackgroundIt has been established that the urinary tract is not sterile, however, research related to the study of urine bacteria are limited. Our work aims to study the frequency and patterns of resistance of normal urinary aerobic bacterial flora.MethodsClean catch midstream urine specimens were collected from 120 young healthy females, and then cultured. Identification of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility were done by means of Biomérieux VITEK® 2 automated systems. Subjects who have undergone antimicrobial treatment in one month weren’t included.ResultsThe incidence of positive bacterial cultures was 54.2%, of which 21.5% were ploymicrobial. 107 bacterial isolates that encompass 12 genera and 27 species that were predominated by Gram-positive bacteria (72%) were cultivated. Staphylococcaceae (46.1%) and Enterobacteriaceae (17.8%) were the most frequently isolates among Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria respectively, from them 36 species have been identified as b lactamase producers. The top four frequently isolated bacteria are Micrococcus species (16%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (13.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Twenty two bacterial species were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by using broad and narrow spectrum antibiotics and antimicrobials. Ampicillin showed the lowest susceptibility rate against Gram positives, followed by erythromycin and azithromycin. The lesser antimicrobial susceptibility potential among Gram negative bacteria was exhibited against ampicillin, followed by piperacillin and cefotaxime.ConclusionOur findings emphasize the importance of highlighting urine bacterial flora in research especially those related to susceptibility patterns, employing more advanced culture methods as multiple drug resistant bacteria were isolated.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Blood Culture among HIV/AIDS Patients at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohabaw Jemal ◽  
Teshiwal Deress ◽  
Teshome Belachew ◽  
Yesuf Adem
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is recognized as a global public health problem. Bloodstream infection with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in HIV/AIDS patients makes the problem more challenging. So, regular and periodic diagnosis and use of the appropriate antimicrobial susceptibility pattern determination is the only option for decreasing the prevalence and development of drug-resistant bacteria. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 HIV/AIDS patients. Sociodemographic data of patients were recorded using structured questionnaires. Blood cultures were collected with BACTEC aerobic blood culture bottles. A pair of samples was collected from each patient aseptically and incubated at 37°. If samples are positive for bacterial agents, they were subcultured to solid media such as blood agar plate, chocolate agar plate, and MacConkey agar plates. Identification was performed using colony characteristics and standard biochemical techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Data entry and analysis were performed while using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were performed to calculate frequencies. Results. Altogether, 384 patients were included, and 123 blood cultures were positive, so that the yield was thus 32%. About 46 (37.4%) of Gram-negative and 77 (62.6%) of Gram-positive bacterial species were identified. Among Gram-negative bacterial isolates, K. pneumoniae was the leading pathogen, 19 (41.3%), whereas S. aureus, 38 (49.4%), was predominant among Gram-positive isolates. In his study, the majority of Gram-positive isolates showed high level of resistance to penicillin, 72 (95.5%), tetracycline, 55 (71.4%), and cotrimoxazole, 45 (58.4%). About 28 (73.6%) of S. aureus isolates were also methicillin-resistant. Gram-negative bacterial isolates also showed a high resistance to ampicillin (91.3%), tetracycline (91.3%), and gentamicin (47.8%). Overall, about 78% of multidrug resistance was observed. Conclusion. Several pathogens were resistant to greater than five antimicrobial agents, so that proper management of patients with bacteremia is needed, and a careful selection of effective antibiotics should be practiced.

scholarly journals Evidence of isosteric and allosteric nucleotide inhibition of citrate synthease from multiple-inhibition studies

1975 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Harford ◽  
P D J Weitzman
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Allosteric Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Allosteric Inhibitor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bacterial Enzyme ◽  
Nucleotide Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Studies

Citrate synthases from diverse organisms are inhibited by ATP and NADH. Evidence is presented, from multiple-inhibition studies on various citrate synthases, that ATP acts in all cases as an isosteric inhibitor at the acetyl-CoA site. On the other hand, NADH also acts isosterically with eukaryotic and Gram-positive bacterial citrate synthases, but behaves as an allosteric inhibitor specifically in the case of the Gram-negative bacterial enzyme. After desensitization to this allosteric inhibition, only the isosteric nucleotide inhibition, as found in other citrate syntheases, is observed.

scholarly journals Phenotypic identification of soil bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting an archaeological monument at Augustine University, Ilara Epe, southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479
Author(s):  
A.A. Ajayi ◽  
G.O. Onipede ◽  
B.C. Okafor ◽  
K.A. Adepoju ◽  
J.C. Nwabuenu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Microbial Spectrum ◽  
Archaeological Monument

Background: The Sungbo Eredo Monument is an ancient public work with a system of defensive walls and ditches located in Eredo Local Council Development Area of Epe, Lagos State, southwest Nigeria. A huge section of the monument cuts through the Augustine University campus, forming two-sided vertical walls with a deep ridge in-between. The objective of this investigative study is to determine the microbial profile of soil samples from the monument in the University campus. Methodology: Soil samples were collected from the topsoil at a depth of 7.5cm from four randomly selected points along the edge of the monument. The samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory of the Department of Biological Sciences of Augustine University for analysis. Samples were cultured on Nutrient agar (NA) and incubated aerobically for 24-48 hours for bacteria isolation and on Sabouraud’s Dextrose agar (SDA) for 72 hours for fungi isolation. Bacterial colonies on NA were preliminarily identified to genus level by Gram reaction and conventional biochemical test scheme for Gram-positive (catalase, coagulase, starch hydrolysis) and Gram-negative isolates (oxidase, urease test, indole, methyl red, Voges Proskauer and sugar fermentation tests). Fungi colonies on SDA were identified using conventional macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the bacterial isolates to selected antibiotics was done using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: A total of twenty-three bacterial isolates in four genera; Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Cellobiococcus and Micrococcus and nine fungal isolates in three genera; Saccharomyces, Aspergillus and Botrytis were identified from the cultures. The bacterial isolates were sensitive (>50% sensitivity) to only gentamicin and ofloxacin, with 65.2% and 78.3% sensitivity rates respectively, while they were largely resistant to all other antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, erythromycin, cefuroxime, cloxacillin, ceftazidime and augmentin, with resistance rates of 65.2%, 65.2%, 73.9%, 82.6%, 86.9%, 91.3% respectively. Conclusion: The results of this investigative study revealed the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (mainly Gram-positive) and fungi on the archaeological monument of Augustine University, adding to the existing data on microbial spectrum of archaeological monuments that could be useful for unraveling human cultural habits and microbe-related human diseases. However, further studies on molecular identification of these microbial spectrum will be required to ascertain their genetic relatedness and ancestral phylogeny, which will be useful for archaeologists in their study of the Sungbo-Eredo ancestral monument.   French title: Identification phénotypique des communautés bactériennes et fongiques du sol habitant un monument archéologique à l'Université Augustine, Ilara Epe, sud-ouest du Nigeria Contexte: Le monument Sungbo Eredo est un ancien ouvrage public doté d'un système de murs défensifs et de fossés situé dans la zone de développement du conseil local d'Eredo à Epe, dans l'État de Lagos, au sud-ouest du Nigéria. Une énorme section du monument traverse le campus de l'Université Augustine, formant des murs verticaux à deux côtés avec une crête profonde entre les deux. L'objectif de cette étude d'investigation est de déterminer le profil microbien d'échantillons de sol provenant du monument du campus universitaire. Méthodologie: Des échantillons de sol ont été prélevés dans la couche arable à une profondeur de 7,5 cm à partir de quatre points choisis au hasard le long du bord du monument. Les échantillons ont été transportés au laboratoire de microbiologie du Département des sciences biologiques de l'Université Augustine pour analyse. Les échantillons ont été cultivés sur gélose nutritive (NA) et incubés en aérobie pendant 24 à 48 heures pour l'isolement des bactéries et sur gélose au dextrose de Sabouraud's(SDA) pendant 72 heures pour l'isolement des champignons. Les colonies bactériennes sur NA ont été préalablement identifiées au niveau du genre par réaction de Gram et schéma de test biochimique conventionnel pour les isolats Gram-positif (catalase, coagulase, hydrolyse de l'amidon) et Gram-négatif (oxydase, test à l'uréase, indole, rouge de méthyle, Voges Proskauer et sucre essais de fermentation). Les colonies de champignons sur SDA ont été identifiées en utilisant des caractéristiques macroscopiques et microscopiques conventionnelles. Le test de sensibilité aux antibiotiques des isolats bactériens à des antibiotiques sélectionnés a été effectué en utilisant la méthode de diffusion sur disque de Kirby Bauer. Résultats: Un total de vingt-trois isolats bactériens dans quatre genres; Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Cellobiococcus et Micrococcus et neuf isolats fongiques de trois genres; Saccharomyces, Aspergillus et Botrytis ont été identifiés à partir des cultures. Les isolats bactériens étaient sensibles (sensibilité >50%) uniquement à la gentamicine et à l'ofloxacine, avec des taux de sensibilité de 65,2 % et 78,3 % respectivement, alors qu'ils étaient largement résistants à tous les autres antibiotiques comme la ceftriaxone, l'érythromycine, la céfuroxime, la cloxacilline, la ceftazidime et l'augmentine avec des taux de résistance de 65,2%, 65,2%, 73,9%, 82,6%, 86,9%, 91,3% respectivement. Conclusion: Les résultats de cette étude d'investigation ont révélé la présence de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques (principalement à Gram positif) et de champignons sur le monument archéologique de l'Université Augustine, ajoutant aux données existantes sur le spectre microbien des monuments archéologiques qui pourraient être utiles pour démêler l'homme. les habitudes culturelles et les maladies humaines liées aux microbes. Cependant, d'autres études sur l'identification moléculaire de ces spectres microbiens seront nécessaires pour déterminer leur parenté génétique et leur phylogénie ancestrale, ce qui sera utile aux archéologues dans leur étude du monument ancestral Sungbo-Eredo.

scholarly journals Magnitude and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae recovered from environmental samples at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemse Sebre Muktar ◽  
Woldaregay Erku ◽  
Wude Mihret ◽  
Aminu Seman ◽  
Tewachw Awoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background The hospital environment especially the intensive care units (ICUs) contributes to the spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, which are contributing to increasing morbidity and mortality rates. We aimed to assess the rate of environmental contamination of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) from June to July, 2018. A total of 65 environmental swab were taken from inanimate items. All isolates from the inanimate environment were cultured by using ESBL ChromoSelect Agar and identified using conventional bacteriological methods. All ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility using the disc diffusion method according to the methods and interpretive criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results From a total of 65 environmental swab samples, 16 (24.6%) were ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. The most predominant ESBL producing isolates were E. coli (8/16, 50%) and Klebsiella spp (6/16, 37.6%). The Pediatrics and Medical-Surgical ICU exhibited the highest ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, each with (37.5%, 6/16). Linens and ventilators were associated with high rates of ESBL isolates positivity each with equal 31.3% detection rate. ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates had significantly high resistance level to ampicillin (100%), ceftazidime (93.8%), cefepime (87.5%) and cefotaxime (86.7%). However, low resistance level was recorded against amikacin (18.8%). Conclusion The appearance of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae among ICUs hospital environment is posing a serious threat for the control of nosocomial infections. The high resistance found from this study shows the need for policies for devising infection control procedures and screening policies for ESBL on a routine basis.

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