scholarly journals Transcriptome and metabolomic analysis to reveal the browning spot formation of ‘Huangguan’ pear

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Xinyi Wu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Daozhi Yao ◽  
Jinchao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Spot Formation

Abstract Background Browning spot (BS) disorders seriously affect the appearance quality of ‘Huangguan’ pear and cause economic losses. Many studies on BS have mainly focused on physiological and biochemical aspects, and the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Results In the present study, the structural characteristics of ‘Huangguan’ pear with BS were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the water loss and brown spots were evaluated, and transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses were conducted to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying ‘Huangguan’ pear skin browning disorder. The results showed that the occurrence of BS was accompanied by a decrease in the wax layer and an increase in lignified cells. Genes related to wax biosynthesis were downregulated in BS, resulting in a decrease in the wax layer in BS. Genes related to lignin were upregulated at the transcriptional level, resulting in upregulation of metabolites related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Expression of calcium-related genes were upregulated in BS. Cold-induced genes may represent the key genes that induce the formation of BS. In addition, the results demonstrated that exogenous NaH2PO4·2H2O and ABA treatment could inhibit the incidence of BS during harvest and storage time by increasing wax-related genes and calcium-related genes expression and increasing plant resistance, whereas the transcriptomics results indicated that GA3 may accelerate the incidence and index of BS. Conclusions The results of this study indicate a molecular mechanism that could explain BS formation and elucidate the effects of different treatments on the incidence and molecular regulation of BS.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and Metabolomic Analysis to Reveal the Browning Spot Formation of ‘Huangguan’ Pear

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
XinYi Wu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Daozhi Yao ◽  
Jinchao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Spot Formation

Abstract Background: Browning spot (BS) disorders seriously affect the appearance quality of ‘Huangguan’ pear and cause economic losses. Many studies on BS have mainly focused on physiological and biochemical aspects, and the molecular mechanism is unclear.Result: In the present study, the structural characteristics of ‘Huangguan’ pear with BS were observed with SEM, the water loss and brown spot were evaluated, and transcriptome and metabonomics analyses were conducted to reveal the molecular mechanism of ‘Huangguan’ pear skin browning disorder. The results showed that the occurrence of BS was accompanied by a decrease in the wax layer and an increase in lignified cells. It appears that genes related to wax biosynthesis were down-regulated in BS, resulting in the decrease of wax layer in BS. Genes related to lignin were up-regulated at transcriptional level, resulting in upregulation of metabolites related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Expression of calcium-related genes were upregulated in BS. The cold-induced genes CS120, LTI65 and RCI2B may be the key genes that induce BS. In addition, the results demonstrated that exogenous NaH2PO4·2H2O and ABA treatment could inhibit the incidence of BS during harvest and storage time by increasing the expression of wax-related genes and calcium-related genes and increasing plant resistance, whereas GA3may accelerate the incidence and index of BS in transcriptomics.Conclusions: The results of this study would provide a basis for the molecular mechanism of BS formation and clarify the effects of different treatments on the incidence and molecular regulation of BS.

scholarly journals Environment type and storage period on eggshell quality of laying hens at different ages

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Maria Pires Camargo ◽  
Natiele Ferraz de Oliveira ◽  
Deibity Alves Cordeiro ◽  
Helder Freitas de Oliveira ◽  
Deborah Pereira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Environment Type ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Temperatures

ABSTRACT: Eggshell quality is directly linked to the good acceptability of the product by consumers, whereas the industry is concerned with economic losses. Prolonged periods of laying, diseases, nutrition, bird age and genetics can influence egg quality. This study aimed to examine the influence of the environment, bird age and storage period on the physical characteristics of the shell of eggs from commercial laying hens. The experiment involved 288 eggs from Hy-line hens, which were distributed in a completely randomized design with a triple 3×2×4 factorial arrangement represented by three ages (31, 62 or 88 weeks), two storage temperatures (ambient or refrigerated), and four storage periods (one, 10, 20 or 30 days), totaling 24 treatments. Four replications were used with three eggs each. Eggshell strength, percentage and thickness were measured. Differences were observed, with the eggs stored at room temperature exhibiting lower shell strength. Laying eggs at an advanced age (88 weeks) resulted in decreased eggshell strength as compared with the other ages, whereas the eggs from young layers (31 weeks) had a thicker shell. The advancing age of the laying hens reduced eggshell quality, regardless of the storage environment. Nonetheless, the eggs stored in the refrigerator showed better eggshell quality and integrity than those stored at ambient temperature.

scholarly journals The mechanism of sesame resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina was revealed via a comparison of transcriptomes of resistant and susceptible sesame genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Yan ◽  
Yunxia Ni ◽  
Xintao Liu ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Yanhua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity ◽  
Sesame Genotypes

Abstract Background Sesame (Sesamum indicum) charcoal rot, a destructive fungal disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid (MP), is a great threat to the yield and quality of sesame. However, there is a lack of information about the gene-for-gene relationship between sesame and MP, and the molecular mechanism behind the interaction is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to interpret the molecular mechanism of sesame resistance against MP in disease-resistant (DR) and disease-susceptible (DS) genotypes based on transcriptomics. This is the first report of the interaction between sesame and MP using this method. Results A set of core genes that response to MP were revealed by comparative transcriptomics and they were preferentially associated with GO terms such as ribosome-related processes, fruit ripening and regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway. It is also exhibited that translational mechanism and transcriptional mechanism could co-activate in DR so that it can initiate the immunity to MP more rapidly. According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of differentially expressed gene sets between two genotypes, we found that leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) proteins may assume an important job in sesame resistance against MP. Notably, compared with DS, most key genes were induced in DR such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and resistance genes, indicating that DR initiated stronger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Finally, the study showed that JA/ET and SA signalling pathways all play an important role in sesame resistance to MP. Conclusions The defence response to MP of sesame, a complex bioprocess involving many phytohormones and disease resistance-related genes, was illustrated at the transcriptional level in our investigation. The findings shed more light on further understanding of different responses to MP in resistant and susceptible sesame.

EFEK PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK AIR JAHE (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) DAN PENYIMPANAN DINGIN TERHADAP MUTU SENSORI IKAN TUNA (Thunnus albacores)

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Silvana Dinaintang Harikedua
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Storage Treatment ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
And Storage

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ginger extract addition and refrigerate storage on sensory quality of Tuna through panelist’s perception. Panelists (n=30) evaluated samples for overall appearance and flavor attribute using hedonic scale 1–7. The sample which is more acceptable by panelists on flavor attributes having 3% gingers extract and storage for 3 days. The less acceptable sample on flavor attribute having 0% ginger extract and storage for 9 days. On the other hand, the sample which is more acceptable by panelists on overall appearance having 0% ginger extract without storage treatment. The less acceptable sample on overall appearance having 3% ginger extract and storage for 9 days.

Sugar beet from field clamps -harvest quality and storage loss

2018 ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
And Storage ◽  
High Storage

Harvest quality of sugar beet varies according to soil conditions, harvester type and setting, and variety, too. Harvest quality may affect storage losses, in particular when injuries occur. To determine the harvest quality of commercial sugar beet and to quantify resulting storage losses, 92 commercial sugar beet clamps were sampled across Germany and information about harvest conditions were gathered. At IfZ, soil tare, leaf residues, topping diameter, root tip breakage and surface damage of the beets were determined. The beets were stored in 6 replicates in a climate container at 9°C for 10 weeks. The results demonstrate a rather good harvesting quality of sugar beet in Germany. Soil moisture at harvest did not affect harvest quality and storage losses. Very light, but also heavier soils lead to inferior harvest quality (soil tare, root tip breakage, damage) and slightly higher storage losses compared to the typical loam soils. Significant differences occurred between the three harvester types (companies). In general, high root tip breakage and severe surface damage of the beet was related to a high infestation with mould and rots, high invert sugar contents after storage and high sugar losses. Out of the five most planted varieties, in particular one turned out to be very susceptible to damage, resulting in high storage losses. The factor analysis suggests that the effect of harvester / harvester setting and of variety is more important for harvest quality and storage losses of sugar beet than soil conditions at harvest. Therefore, attention should be paid to optimize these conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Methyl Jasmonate, Cytokinin, and Lavender Oil on Antioxidant Enzyme System of Apricot Fruit (Prunus armeniaca L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8565
Author(s):  
Seyda Cavusoglu ◽  
Nurettin Yilmaz ◽  
Firat Islek ◽  
Onur Tekin ◽  
Halil Ibrahim Sagbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
And Storage

Various treatments are carried out in order to extend both the shelf life and storage life of fresh fruit and vegetables after harvest and among them non-toxic for humans, environmentally and economically friendly alternative treatments are gained more importance. In the current study, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), cytokinin, and lavender oil which are eco-friendly and safe for human health were applied on apricot fruit. The treated fruit were stored at 0 °C and 90–95% relative humidity for 25 days and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation of apricots after treatments were studied. According to the findings obtained from the study, it was observed that 5 ppm cytokinin and 1000 ppm lavender oil treatments of apricot fruit gave better APX and CAT enzyme activity, respectively. In addition, better SOD enzyme activity in fruit was obtained with MeJA+lavender oil treatments. As a result, it can be emphasized that the product quality of apricot fruit is preserved as both the eco-friendly application of MeJA, cytokinin, and lavender oil separately from each other and the treatment of combinations between these compounds activate the enzymatic antioxidant defense systems of apricot fruit after harvest.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physiological and Quality Parameters of Green Asparagus Spears Subjected to Three Treatments against the Decline Syndrome

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier López-Moreno ◽  
Santiago Atero-Calvo ◽  
Eloy Navarro-León ◽  
Begoña Blasco ◽  
Teresa Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Death ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
High Level ◽  
Green Asparagus

Green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a widely grown and consumed crop which provides high-level nutritional interest. In recent years, the decline syndrome in asparagus plantations has been rapidly augmenting. This syndrome causes the early death of whole plants, also negatively affecting the new replanting. Decline causes notable economic losses in the sector. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of different treatments against asparagus decline syndrome on the physiological parameters and nutritional quality of the spears. To meet the objective, four different treatments were applied to asparagus plots strongly affected by decline syndrome: (T1) untreated control soil, (T2) biofumigation with Brassica pellets, (T3) biofumigation with chicken manure pellets, and (T4) disinfestation of the soil with Dazomet. The cumulative yield and physiological and quality parameters of green asparagus spears were studied. Thus, malondialdehyde (MDA), photosynthetic pigments, glutathione (GSH), ascorbate (AsA), total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin, antioxidant test, mineral nutrients, and the amino acid profile were measured on asparagus spears. The results showed that the Brassica pellets and Dazomet treatments were the most effective against the damage caused by the decline syndrome. However, it would be necessary to monitor the evolution in the following years.

scholarly journals miR-29a sensitizes the response of glioma cells to temozolomide by modulating the P53/MDM2 feedback loop

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiudan Chen ◽  
Weifeng Wang ◽  
Shuying Chen ◽  
Xiaotong Chen ◽  
Yong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
P53 Signaling

AbstractRecently, pivotal functions of miRNAs in regulating common tumorigenic processes and manipulating signaling pathways in brain tumors have been recognized; notably, miR‐29a is closely associated with p53 signaling, contributing to the development of glioma. However, the molecular mechanism of the interaction between miR-29a and p53 signaling is still to be revealed. Herein, a total of 30 glioma tissues and 10 non-cancerous tissues were used to investigate the expression of miR‐29a. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were applied to identify the effects of miR-29a altered expression on the malignant biological behaviors of glioma cells in vitro, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to further validate the regulatory effect of p53 or miR-29a on miR-29a or MDM2, respectively, at the transcriptional level. The results showed that miR-29a expression negatively correlated with tumor grade of human gliomas; at the same time it inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-29a expression was induced by p53, leading to aberrant expression of MDM2 targeted by miR-29a, and finally imbalanced the activity of the p53-miR-29a-MDM2 feedback loop. Moreover, miR-29a regulating p53/MDM2 signaling sensitized the response of glioma cells to temozolomide treatment. Altogether, the study demonstrated a potential molecular mechanism in the tumorigenesis of glioma, while offering a possible target for treating human glioma in the future.

scholarly journals Being a Gambler during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study with Italian Patients and the Effects of Reduced Exposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Maria Anna Donati ◽  
Silvia Cabrini ◽  
Daniela Capitanucci ◽  
Caterina Primi ◽  
Roberta Smaniotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Electronic Gambling Machines ◽  
Electronic Gambling ◽  
Gambling Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gambling Activities

The COVID-19 pandemic, with the consequent lockdown of about 3 months, can be viewed as an experimental model to observe the impact of the depletion of environmental factors that stimulate gambling, particularly electronic gambling machines (EGMs) that were set to zero. The effects of some structural characteristics of gambling activities that increase gambling behavior were studied among disordered gamblers in treatment in this unique scenario. In fact, studies investigating the effects of the lockdown on problem gamblers (PGs) under treatment are missing. The aims of this study were to analyze patients’ gambling behavior and craving during the lockdown and to conduct a comparison between gambling disorder (GD) symptoms at the beginning of the treatment and during lockdown. The study was conducted in Italy, the European country with the largest gambling market and the first to be affected by the virus. Data were collected through a semi-structured telephone interview conducted by healthcare professionals. Participants were 135 PGs under treatment (109 males, mean age = 50.07). Results showed that most PGs achieved a significant improvement in their quality of life, with less gambling behavior, GD symptoms, and lower craving. No shift toward online gambling and very limited shift towards other potential addictive and excessive behaviors occurred. The longer the treatment, the more monitoring is present and the better the results in terms of symptoms reduction. Individual and environmental characteristics during the lockdown favored the reduction in symptoms. Consideration for prevention and treatment are discussed.

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