Bacteriological profile, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of symptomatic urinary tract infection among students of Mekelle University, northern Ethiopia

Abstract Background Bacterial infection of the urinary tract is among the common reasons for seeking medical attention in the community. Rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance of uropathogens is resulting in limited treatment options. Therefore, knowledge of the current uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility is important for better treatment of urinary tract infection. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted from February to September thirty, 2017 among students who came to Mekelle University student’s clinics with symptomatic urinary tract infection during the study period.. Mid-stream urine specimens were collected from 341individuals with suspected urinary tract infection for bacteriological identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data on socio-demographic, clinical and risk factors were also collected using a structured questionnaire. Results Among the 341 study participants, 72(21.1%) showed significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli (48.6%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (23%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.5%), and Klebsiella spp. (8.1%) were common bacterial isolates. Resistance to ampicillin (81–100%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77–93.6%), co- trimoxazole (55 72.3%), nalidixic acid (57.4%) and tetracycline (46–55.5%) was seen by most isolates. Multidrug resistance was observed in 73% of the bacterial isolates, and 25.5% of the Gram-negative isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. Being female, a history of urinary tract infection, a history of catheterization and frequent sexual activity were found to be statistically associated with urinary tract infection. Conclusion Urinary tract infection is a problem among university students with a prevalence of 21.1%. All isolates have developed resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, health education on the transmission and causes of urinary tract infection are recommended for the students.

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Risk factors of multidrug-resistant bacteria in community-acquired urinary tract infections

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v21i1.28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 214-9

Author(s):

Ertugrul Guclu ◽

Fikret Halis ◽

Elif Kose ◽

Aziz Ogutlu ◽

Oğuz Karabay

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Usage ◽

Advanced Age ◽

History Of ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most seen infection among community. Objectives: In this cross-sectional study we aimed to investigate the risk factors of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria that caused community-acquired UTI (CA-UTI). Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to the Urology and Infectious Diseases policlinics with the diagnosis of CA-UTI were included in the study. A standard form including possible predisposing factors for MDR bacteria was applied. Results: In total, 240 patients (51.3% females) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of participants were 59.8 ± 18.3 years old. Escherichia coli (n =166; 69.2%)was the most frequently isolated bacteria and its incidence was higher in females than in males (p=0.01). In total, 129 (53.8%) of the identified pathogens were MDR bacteria. According to multivariate analysis, the use of antibiotics three or more times increased the risk of infection with MDR bacteria by 4.6 times, the history of urinary tract infection in the last 6 months by 2 times, being male and over 65 years old by 3 times. Conclusion: Doctors should consider prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients with severe UTIs with a history of UTI, advanced age, male gender, and multiple antibiotic usage, even if they have a CA-UTI. Keywords: Urinary tract infection; community acquired; multidrug-resistant; male; multiple antibiotic usage; advanced age.

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Incidence, Clinical Profile, and Risk Factors for Serious Bacterial Infections in Children Hospitalized With Fever in Ujjain, India

10.21203/rs.2.18748/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ashish Pathak ◽

Radika Upadhayay ◽

Aditya Mathur ◽

Sunil Rathi ◽

Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Positive Blood Culture ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Fever is a cause for concern for both parents and the treating pediatrician and a common reason for antibiotic overuse. However, the proportion of children hospitalized for fever with serious bacterial infection (SBI) is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, hematological, and biochemical risks for SBI among the children admitted with fever. Method This prospective study was conducted in a rural teaching hospital in India on consecutive children, aged 3 months–12 years, presenting with fever 100°F (37.7°C) or higher. The presence of SBI was confirmed with one of the following criteria: (a) a positive blood culture; (b) roentgenographically confirmed pneumonia with high titres of C-reactive protein; (c) a culture-confirmed urinary tract infection; (d) enteric fever diagnosed clinically in addition to either a positive blood culture or high Widal titers; and (e) meningitis diagnosed clinically in addition to either a positive blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid culture. A predefined questionnaire was filled. Results A total of 302 children were included in the study, out of which 47% (95% CI 41.4%-52.7%) presented with SBI. The factors associated with confirmed SBI in bivariate analysis were history of previous hospitalization, history of chronic illness, history of medication in the previous one week, a partially immunized child, history of common cold, moderate-grade fever, toxic look, significant lymphadenopathy, absence of BCG scar, delayed development, irritability, breathlessness, respiratory distress, poor feeding, significant weight loss, suspected urinary tract infection, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and abnormal leucocyte count. The final generalized logistic regression model revealed partially immunized child (RR 4.26), breathlessness (RR 1.80), weight loss (RR 2.28), and suspected urinary tract infection (RR 1.95) as risk factors for the increased risk of SBI. Conclusion The study identified multiple risk factors for SBI. Pediatricians can be made aware of these risk factors. Further studies are warranted to identify age-specific risk factors for SBI because most clinicians depend on clinical signs and symptoms to identify SBI.

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Risk factors for the development of febrile recurrences in children with a history of urinary tract infection

The Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.12.037 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Hum ◽

Hui Liu ◽

Nader Shaikh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

History Of

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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates, and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among HIV‐Positive Patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2019/6780354 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Dadi Marami ◽

Senthilkumar Balakrishnan ◽

Berhanu Seyoum

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

University Hospital ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection remains a major public health problem in developing countries, where there are limited health-care services. Its prevalence is fueled by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is now widespread and poses a serious clinical threat. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates, and associated factors of urinary tract infections among HIV-positive adult patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 randomly selected HIV-positive patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital from February to March 2016. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clean-catch midstream urine samples were collected aseptically and examined using the recommended culture methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0. The logistic regression models were used to explore the predictors of the outcome. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was 18% (95% CI: 15.34–22.63). Individuals with age 35–44 years (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.07; 95% CI: 1.09, 5.10), income less than 46.7 USD (AOR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.15, 6.07), and a CD4+ count less than 200 cells/mm3 (AOR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.73) had higher odds of UTI. Escherichia coli (38.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.8%), and Staphylococcus aureus (11.1%) were the predominant causes of urinary tract infection. E. coli was resistant to ampicillin (95.8%), ceftazidime (95.8%), cotrimoxazole (95.8%), amoxicillin (91.7%), ceftriaxone (87.5%), and tetracycline (87.2%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 46% of the isolates. The prevalence of urinary tract infection in this study was high compared to the previous reports in Ethiopia. Age 35–44 years, income less than 46.7 USD, and a CD4+ count < 200 cells/mm3 increase the odds of urinary tract infection. The most common isolates were E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus. Almost half of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Actions to help mitigate the further spread of resistance are urgently needed in the study area.

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Bacterial profile, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors of urinary tract infection among clinically suspected children attending at Felege-Hiwot Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A prospective study

10.21203/rs.2.11843/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adugna Fenta ◽

Mulat Dagnew ◽

Setegn Eshetie ◽

Teshome Belachew

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Specialized Hospital

Abstract Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in children. Understanding the characteristics of uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a particular setting can provide evidence for the appropriate management of cases. This study aimed to assess the bacterial profile of urinary tract infection, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors among clinically suspected children attending at Felege-Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February-April, 2019. A systematic sampling technique was employed. A mid-stream urine sample was inoculated on cystine lactose electrolyte deficient media and incubated for 24-48 hours. Sub-culturing was done on Mac-Conkey and blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on Muller-Hinton agar. A binary logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent and independent factors. A p-value<0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was 16.7% (95% CI 12.4-21.1). Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial isolates were recovered with a rate of 44/50 (88%) and 6/50 (12%) respectively. Among Gram-negative isolates, E. coli 28/44(63.6%) was predominant while S. saprophyticus 2/6(33.3%) was prevalent among Gram-positive bacterial isolates. Overall, a high level of resistance to ampicillin, augmentin, and tetracycline was shown by Gram-negative bacteria with a rate of 44/44(100%), 39/44(88.6%), and36/44 (81.8%) respectively. About 33/50(66%) of overall multidrug resistance was observed (95% CI 52-78). About six Gram-negative bacterial isolates were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Having a history of urinary tract infection (P-0.003, AOR 1.86-22.15) and male uncircumcision (p-0.00, AOR 5.5-65.35) were the independent variables that associate for urinary tract infections.Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of urinary tract infection among children was high and considerably a high proportion of multidrug resistance was observed. This result will have a significant impact on the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents for the treatment of urinary tract infection.

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Prevalence of and risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection after endoscopic incision for the treatment of ureterocele in children

BJU International ◽

10.1111/bju.13884 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 120 (3) ◽

pp. 409-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kimihiko Moriya ◽

Michiko Nakamura ◽

Yoko Nishimura ◽

Yukiko Kanno ◽

Takeya Kitta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Endoscopic Incision

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Risk factors for development of primary bladder squamous cell carcinoma

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England ◽

10.1308/rcsann.2016.0343 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 155-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

KV Manley ◽

R Hubbard ◽

D Swallow ◽

W Finch ◽

SJ Wood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection ◽

History Of ◽

Primary Bladder

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of risk factors for primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder. MATERIALS A total of 90 cases of primary SCC of the bladder were identified through multicentre analysis. Patient demographics, stage and grade of cancer at presentation, management and outcomes were recorded. The presence of known risk factors (catheter use, neuropathic bladder, smoking history, recurrent urinary tract infection and bladder stones) was also documented. RESULTS Over half of the patients had at least one identifiable risk factor for the development of primary bladder SCC: 13.9% of patients had a history of catheter use (clean intermittent self-catheterisation [CISC] in 11.1%), 10.0% of patients had a neuropathic bladder, 27.8% were smokers or ex-smokers and 20.0% had a documented history of recurrent urinary tract infection. Statistical analysis of the results showed no association between risk factors and grade of tumour at presentation. CONCLUSIONS These data further support the association between primary bladder SCC and several of the well documented risk factors for its development. Chronic use of CISC may confer a greater risk for development of SCC than thought previously. Further evidence of the role of CISC in primary SCC is required to justify routine screening and to determine exactly when surveillance of the bladder should begin for this group of patients.

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1484. Prevalence of Pyuria With and Without Bacteriuria in Healthy Pre-Menopausal Women

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1348 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S541-S541

Author(s):

Ann E Stapleton ◽

Pacita Roberts ◽

Thomas M Hooton

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Healthy Women ◽

Day Range ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Pyuria has long been considered key to diagnosis of urinary tract infection in women, but there is a paucity of data on its prevalence and association with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in healthy women, even though pyuria and ASB often trigger inappropriate antimicrobial treatment. Methods We enrolled 104 healthy premenopausal women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in an observational study and performed daily assessments of bacteriuria, pyuria (leukocyte esterase strips) and UTI symptoms over a 3-month period. These data enabled an evaluation of the prevalence of pyuria and ASB and associations between them. Results The mean age of participants was 22 and 74% were white. Pyuria occurred frequently in this cohort of women, with 72 (77%) of 94 evaluable subjects having pyuria on at least one day with no symptomatic UTI diagnosed. The median percent of days with pyuria reported was 7% (range, 0–100%). Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB, urine culture with colony count ≥105 CFU/mL of uropathogen on days with no symptomatic UTI diagnosed) occurred in 45 (45%) women on 159 (2.5%) of 6,283 days. ASB was most commonly caused by E. coli, which was present in 1.4% of days with median duration one day (range, 1–10). The positive predictive value of pyuria in detecting ASB was 4%. Five women had 11 transient episodes of pyuria, significant bacteriuria, and UTI symptoms (“preclinical UTI”) but did not seek medical attention. Conclusion In this population of healthy women at high risk for UTI and ASB, asymptomatic pyuria was a frequent occurrence and ASB rarely lasted more than 2 days. Pyuria, whether associated with bacteriuria or not, was generally not accompanied by urinary symptoms and did not appear to be clinically meaningful. Young women with recurrent UTI are often advised by their providers to test their urine with dipsticks for pyuria or bacteriuria, and be treated if either are positive, regardless of absence of UTI symptoms. Such practices, which contribute to antimicrobial resistance, are not supported by our data. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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