scholarly journals Risk factors of multidrug-resistant bacteria in community-acquired urinary tract infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-9
Author(s):  
Ertugrul Guclu ◽  
Fikret Halis ◽  
Elif Kose ◽  
Aziz Ogutlu ◽  
Oğuz Karabay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most seen infection among community. Objectives: In this cross-sectional study we aimed to investigate the risk factors of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria that caused community-acquired UTI (CA-UTI). Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to the Urology and Infectious Diseases policlinics with the diagnosis of CA-UTI were included in the study. A standard form including possible predisposing factors for MDR bacteria was applied. Results: In total, 240 patients (51.3% females) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of participants were 59.8 ± 18.3 years old. Escherichia coli (n =166; 69.2%)was the most frequently isolated bacteria and its incidence was higher in females than in males (p=0.01). In total, 129 (53.8%) of the identified pathogens were MDR bacteria. According to multivariate analysis, the use of antibiotics three or more times increased the risk of infection with MDR bacteria by 4.6 times, the history of urinary tract infection in the last 6 months by 2 times, being male and over 65 years old by 3 times. Conclusion: Doctors should consider prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients with severe UTIs with a history of UTI, advanced age, male gender, and multiple antibiotic usage, even if they have a CA-UTI. Keywords: Urinary tract infection; community acquired; multidrug-resistant; male; multiple antibiotic usage; advanced age.

scholarly journals Infeções do Trato Urinário numa Coorte de Transplantados Renais

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Bispo ◽  
Milene Fernandes ◽  
Cristina Toscano ◽  
Teresa Marques ◽  
Domingos Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Tract Infections

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication following renal transplantation and its frequency is insufficiently studied in Portugal. The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence of urinary tract infections and recurrent urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective cohort observational study, obtained from clinical files of all patients who received a renal transplant at the Hospital of Santa Cruz, from January 2004 to December 2005, with a mean follow-up period of five years or until date of graft loss, death or loss of follow-up. After a descriptive analysis of the population, we used bivariate tests to identify risk factors for urinary tract infections.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 127 patients were included, with a 593 patients.year follow-up. We detected 53 patients (41.7%) presenting with at least one episode of urinary tract infection; 21 patients (16.5%) had recurrent urinary tract infection. Female gender was the only risk factor associated with the occurrence of urinary tract infections (p &lt; 0.001, OR = 7.08, RR = 2.95) and recurrent urinary tract infections (p &lt; 0.001, OR = 4.66, RR = 2.83). Escherichia coli (51.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.5%) and Enterobacter spp (9.9%) were the<br />most frequently identified pathogens. Patients did not reveal an increased mortality or allograft loss. However, urinary tract infections were the most important cause of hospital admissions.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> Female gender was the only risk factor for urinary tract infections in this population. Escherichia coli was the most frequent agent isolated.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Despite preventive measures, urinary tract infections remain an important cause of morbidity and hospital admissions.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Urinary Tract Infections; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors; Kidney Transplantation; Portugal.

scholarly journals Oral and Intravenous Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
Michael A. Zhanel ◽  
James A. Karlowsky
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option ◽  
Tract Infections

Oral fosfomycin is approved in Canada for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. Several studies have reported “off label” use of oral fosfomycin in the treatment of patients with complicated lower urinary tract infection (cLUTI). This review summarizes the available literature describing the use of oral fosfomycin in the treatment of patients with cLUTI. Collectively, these studies support the use of a regimen of 3 grams of oral fosfomycin administered once every 48 or 72 hours for a total of 3 doses for patients who have previously failed treatment with another agent, are infected with a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen, or cannot tolerate first-line treatment due to intolerance or adverse effects. Additionally, a Phase 2/3 clinical trial, known as the ZEUS study, assessed the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) fosfomycin versus piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of patients with complicated upper urinary tract infection (cUUTI) or acute pyelonephritis (AP) including in patients with concomitant bacteremia. IV fosfomycin was reported to be noninferior to piperacillin-tazobactam in treating patients with cUUTI and AP; however, when outcomes were independently evaluated according to baseline diagnosis (i.e., cUUTI versus AP), IV fosfomycin was superior to piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of patients with cUUTI and demonstrated superior microbiological eradication rates, across all resistant phenotypes including extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL-) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. and carbapenem-resistant (CRE), aminoglycoside-resistant, and MDR Gram-negative bacilli (primarily Enterobacterales). Based on the ZEUS study, IV fosfomycin dosed at 6 grams every 8 hours for 7 days (14 days in patients with concurrent bacteremia) appears to be a safe and effective therapeutic option in treating patients with upper urinary tract infections, particularly those with cUUTI caused by antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales.

scholarly journals Risk factors of the fungal urinary tract infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
N. V. Sturov ◽  
S. V. Popov ◽  
I. Yu. Shmelkov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Tract Infections

The role of fungi as causative agents of infections is growing. In in-patients, especially at intensive care units, fungal infections might cause serious problems. Studies conducted over recent years shows an increase of fungi detection in urine in in-patients from 5,01 up to 10,63%. Most often, the appearance of fungi in the urine connected with contamination or colonization of the urinary tract. However, in immunocompromised patients, this could be the part of urinary tract infection and even of disseminated fungal process. Candida is the most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections. At the same time, the presence of Candida in urine (candiduria) not always comes with clinical signs of urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis. Detection of noCandida albicans agents in urine is increasing, new Candida species revealed are resistant to antifungal drugs so risk of complications is increasing. Recent researches reveal new mechanisms of how Candida interacts with the bacteria that cause urinary infections. The main mechanisms of Candida virulence factors are dimorphism, adhesion proteins — Als1-7,9 and Gls, invasion enzymes — phospholipase, Als3 and Ssa1, as well as enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species. The most significant risk factors of fungal urinary tract infection are the presence of a urinary catheter, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression and previous antibiotic intake. The study of the formation process of the cellular and immune response to Candida makes it possible to identify the main links in the pathogenesis of urinary tract candidiasis, as well as the main role of immunosuppression in the development of the disease.

scholarly journals Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) Urinary Tract Infection: An Evidence Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1910-1913
Author(s):  
Nasir Orakzai ◽  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Majid Khan Kakakhel ◽  
Arshad . ◽  
Faiza Hayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections are the most frequently reported infections that drive the use of antibiotics around the world. UTI is the 4th most common healthcare-associated infection. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are predominantly bacteria that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobials. The increasing rise in the incidence of MDR-UTI has resulted in increased morbidity, mortality, and treatment cost of the patients. Thus, it is important to highlight the magnitude of the problem, identify the risk factors that result in MDR-UTI, and to take appropriate measures to control its occurrence. Objective: To determine the magnitude of the multidrug-resistant bacteria, their antibiotic-resistant profile, andtheir effect on the treatment cost of the patients Methods: It is a descriptive study conducted in the Department of Urology at the Institute of Kidney Diseases (IKD) from Jan 2019 till 30th March 2020. A total of 54 patients with multi-drug resistant UTI were included in the study irrespective of age and gender. All the data was recorded on a structured pro-forma and was analyzed on SPSS. Results: A total of 3190 patients were operated on from Jan 2019 till 30th March 2020. Out of which 54 patients (1.6 %) developed MDR-UTI. Among them,38 were male and 16 females. The mean age of the patients was 41 ± 18.4. Urolithiasis with infections was found most frequent, in 32 (59.3%) patients. All patients were on broad-spectrum oral antibiotics and had a history of urethral catheterization before the development of MDR-UTI. The most common procedure was Emergency cystoscopy and DJ stent 15 (27.8%). Followed by Percutaneous nephrostomy in 8 (14.8%). Regarding co-morbidities, 38(68.5%) patients had none, 3 patients had diabetes and 6 patients were having Diabetes and Hypertension. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found most frequent microorganisms in 34 (63%) patients while E.coli in 10 (18.5%) and Klebsiella in 5 (9.3%) patients. Colistin was found sensitive in 36 patients (66.7%). The mean hospital stay in MDR-UTI is 9.28± 5.17 days as compared to 2.1 days in routine cases. Approximately a 4-fold increase was observed in medicines alone in the management of MDR UTI. We recorded 1 mortality (1.9%), case of MDR urosepsis. Linear regression revealed previous use of antibiotics; catheterization, old age, and endo-urological procedures in an emergency as independent risk factors for MDR-UTI. Conclusion: MDR-uti is an emerging local problem. pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequently found microorganism in the present setup. it is associated with significant morbidity and very high treatment cost. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Multidrug Resistance, Micro-Organism, Urology, Antimicrobials

scholarly journals URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, RISK FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS (REVIEW)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Плеханов ◽  
Aleksandr Plekhanov ◽  
Дамбаев ◽  
Arsalan Dambaev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections are one of the most common inflammatory disorders of urinary tract that occurs in 40 % of all cases of nosocomial infections. This pathology more often occurs in women, 50 % of them have urinary tract infection at least once in a lifetime. Urinary tract infections are chronic, pluricausal and frequently recurrent diseases. During many decades E. coli was considered to be main pathogenetic flora plated from urine at the urinary tract. Statistically Proteus mirabilis is ranked number two in the degree of incidence. At the moment the researches pay closer attention to Candida pathogens. Urinary tract infections appear in consequence of ingress of microorganisms in urinoexcretory system by ascending, hematogenic and lymphogenic ways. Culture-based, microbiologic study of urine with pathogen isolation and estimation of the bacteriuria degree is the gold standard of diagnostics of urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Os fatores de risco da infecção do trato urinário na gravidez: revisão integrativa

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Fragoso dos Santos Fioravante ◽  
Gisella de Carvalho Queluci
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão integrativa para analisar os fatores de risco referentes à ocorrência da infecçãourinária na gravidez. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases LILACS, PAHO, WHOLYS, BIBLIOTECACOCHRANE, MEDLINE e CINAHL, no período de 01 de abril de 2015 a 01 de maio de 2015, baseada na seguintequestão de pesquisa: no que se refere à prevenção de agravos, quais são os fatores de risco relacionados com ainfecção urinária na gravidez? Resultados: Dez artigos foram selecionados, e evidenciaram-se como fatores de riscopara a ocorrência da infecção urinária na gravidez: baixa escolaridade, baixo nível socioeconômico, atividade sexual,história prévia de infecção urinária, anemia materna, adolescência, terceiro trimestre de gravidez, multiparidade,atraso no esvaziamento da bexiga, não lavar a genitália pré e pós-coito, e conviver com cães e gatos. Conclusões: Aanálise dos fatores de risco relacionados com a infecção urinária na gravidez poderá trazer benefícios para a saúdematerna e fetal bem como contribuir com uma atuação profi ssional mais qualifi cada.Palavras-chave: Fatores de risco; Infecções urinárias; Gravidez. ABSTRACTObjective: Conduct an integrative review to analyze the risk factors related to the occurrence of urinary infectionin pregnancy. Method: Integrative literature review conducted in LILACS, PAHO, WHOLYS, COCHRANE LIBRARY,MEDLINE and CINAHL, in the period from April 1, 2015 the May 1, 2015, and based on the following researchquestion: with regard to prevention aggravations, what are the risk factors associated with urinary infection inpregnancy. Results: Ten articles were selected, and it was shown to be risk factors for the occurrence of urinary tractinfection in pregnancy: low education, low socioeconomic status, sexual activity, history of urinary tract infection,maternal anemia, adolescence, third trimester of pregnancy, multiparity, delayed emptying of the bladder, do notwash the genitals pre and post-coital, and live with dogs and cats. Conclusions: The analysis of risk factors relatedto urinary tract infection in pregnancy can bring benefi ts for maternal and fetal health and contribute to a morequalifi ed professional performance.Keywords: Risk factors; Urinary tract infections; Pregnancy.

SuPerficially inConspicuous Problem - urinary tract infection at PCP office POZornie

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Adamska-Wełnicka
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common situations in the family doctor where antibiotics are recommended. This article discusses groups of patients for whom, based on current reports, fosfomycin has been used for many years. The potential application of this antibiotic in the case of urinary tract infections with multidrug-resistant pathogens was also presented.

Factors associated with nosocomial urinary tract infections in maternity wards of public hospitals in Lubumbashi in DR Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Nosocomial urinary tract infection represents between 30 and 50% of all these nosocomial infections. It occupies the first place and constitutes the third entry point for bacteremia. The objective of our study was to identify the risk factors associated with nosocomial urinary tract infections in maternity wards of public hospitals in Lubumbashi. Method: We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study in which the population consisted of parturients who did not have a urinary tract infection on admission. The urine samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory of the university clinics of Lubumbashi. A case of nosocomial urinary tract infection was defined according to the WHO definition. To collect this urine, the parturients did it themselves after a health education session. Two samples were taken, one at the entry and the other at the exit of the parturient from the maternity hospital. The univariate analysis used the prevalence ratio as an indicator of risk with a 95% confidence interval and the bivariate analysis included all risk factors that had a significance level p ˂ 0.05 by a regression model binary logistics. Results: Out of the total of 1240 parturients selected and who were distributed in seven maternities of public hospitals in the city of Lubumbashi. It was noted that women who gave birth at HGR Kampemba were up to ten times more likely to develop nosocomial urinary tract infection than those who did at HGR Kisanga. An association was observed between delivery with complications (p = 0.032), long length of stay (p <0.001), delivery with surgical intervention (p <0.001) and antibiotic therapy (p = 0.020). Conclusion: Nosocomial urinary tract infections were varied depending on the characteristics of health structures, characteristics of parturients and health care. It is necessary to improve the hospital hygiene of the personnel, the hospital environment and the materials as well as a good policy of use of the antibacterials.

Risk Factors in Diabetes and Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Compared to Younger Aged Female.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Abdulghani Mohamed Alsamarai ◽  
Shler Ali Khorshed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection is common with health impact in women and characterised by failure to treatment and recurrent episodes. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for the development of urinary tract infection in diabetic and pregnant women in comparison to student female. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted during the period from 1st of June 2015 to the end of January 2016. The population included in the study are 563 women, of them 425 were outpatients, and 138 were inpatients. Their age range between 18 and 80 years, with a mean age of 33.59±15.29 years. Urine samples collected and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar by spread plate technique. Bacterial colonies with different morphology were selected, purified and identified according to their biochemical characteristics using conventional standard methods. Results: In diabetic women, there were no significant difference in mean age and BMI values between culture positive and culture negative groups. However, pus cell mean scale was significantly higher [P=0.000] in women with urinary tract infection [1.76±1.25] than in those with negative culture [0.69±1.00]. In pregnant women, BMI mean value was significantly [P=0.013] lower in pregnant women with UTI [26.14] as compared to those without infection [26.99]. Pus cell scale mean value was significantly [P=0.000] higher in pregnant women with UTI [1.55] than women with negative UTI [0.85]. While there was no significant difference in mean age between UTI positive and negative pregnant women. In female student, there was a significant difference between UTI infected and non-infected in mean age [P=0.041] and pus cell scale [P=0.000]. However, BMI was not significantly different between infected and non-infected female student. Other risk factors association are variables in the 3 groups when analysed using X2, while AUC and OR show different trends of association between risk factors and UTI. Conclusion: BMI, pus cell scale, child number, delivery method, operation history and hospital setting were significantly associated with culture positivity in the 3 studied groups as determined by AUC. While OR confirmed association with pus sale scale in the 3 groups.

Detection of tox A gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that isolates from different clinical cases by using PCR.

2018 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Rana M. Abdullah Al-Shwaikh ◽  
Abbas Falih Alornaaouti
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

       Current study obtained (75) isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from different cases included : 28 isolates from otitis media, 23 isolates from burn infections, 10 isolates from wound infections, 8 isolates from urinary tract infections and 6 isolates from blood, during the period between 1/9/2014 to 1/11/2014        The result revealed that the tox A gene was present in 54 isolates (72%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of tox A gene was 352 bp. The result shows 17 isolates (60.71%) from otitis media has tox A gene, 18 isolates (78.26%) from burn followed by 8 isolate (80%) from wound infection and 5 isolates (62.5%) from urinary tract infection , finally 6 isolates (100%) from blood have this gene.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document