scholarly journals The parameters of gait analysis related to ambulatory and balance functions in hemiplegic stroke patients: a gait analysis study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Cheol Chang ◽  
Byung Joo Lee ◽  
Na-Young Joo ◽  
Donghwi Park
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Unaffected Side ◽  
Rehabilitative Treatment ◽  
Phase Time ◽  
Balance Functions

Abstract Background Ambulatory and balance functions are important for maintaining general health in humans. Gait analysis allows clinicians and researchers to identify the parameters to be focused on when assessing balance and ambulatory functions. In this study, we performed gait analysis with pressure sensors to identify the gait-analysis parameters related to balance and ambulatory functions in hemiplegic stroke patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 102 patients with hemiplegic stroke who underwent gait analysis. Correlations between various temporospatial parameters in the gait analysis and the motor and balance functions assessed using functional ambulation category, modified Barthel index, and Berg balance scale were analyzed. Results Gait speed/height and the lower-limb stance-phase time/height were the only temporal and spatial parameters, respectively, that showed a statistical correlation with motor and balance functions. Conclusions Measurements of walking speed and stance-phase time of the unaffected lower limb can allow clinicians to easily assess the ambulatory and balance functions of hemiplegic stroke patients. Rehabilitative treatment focusing on increasing gait speed and shortening the stance-phase time of the unaffected side may improve the ambulatory and balance functions in these patients.

scholarly journals Wearable Sensors Technology as a Tool for Discriminating Frailty Levels During Instrumented Gait Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Apsega ◽  
Liudvikas Petrauskas ◽  
Vidmantas Alekna ◽  
Kristina Daunoraviciene ◽  
Viktorija Sevcenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Stride Time ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Phase Time ◽  
Gait Assessment ◽  
Gait Parameters

Abstract Background: One of the greatest challenges facing the healthcare of the aging population is frailty. There is growing scientific evidence that gait assessment using wearable sensors could be used for prefrailty and frailty screening. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of a wearable sensor-based assessment of gait to discriminate between frailty levels (robust, prefrail, and frail).Methods: 133 participants (≥ 60 years) were recruited and frailty was assessed using the Fried criteria. Gait was assessed using wireless inertial sensors attached by straps on the thighs, shins, and feet. Between-group differences in frailty were assessed using analysis of variance. Associations between frailty and gait parameters was assessed using multinomial logistic models with frailty as the dependent variable. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) to estimate the predictive validity of each parameter. The cut-off values were calculated based on the Youden index.Results: Frailty was identified in 37 (28%) participants, prefrailty in 66 (50%), and no Fried criteria were found in 30 (23%) participants. Gait speed, stance phase time, swing phase time, stride time, double support time, and cadence were able to discriminate frailty from robust, and prefrail from robust. Stride time (AUC = 0.915), stance phase (AUC = 0.923), and cadence (AUC = 0.930) were the most sensitive parameters to separate frail or prefrail from robust. Other gait parameters, such as double support, had poor sensitivity. We determined the value of stride time (1.19s), stance phase time (0.68s), and cadence (101 steps/min) to identify individuals with prefrailty or frailty with sufficient sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions: The results of our study show that gait analysis using wearable sensors could discriminate between frailty levels. We were able to identify several gait indicators apart from gait speed that distinguish frail or prefrail from robust with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. If improved and adapted for everyday use, gait assessment technologies could contribute to frailty screening and monitoring.

scholarly journals Wearable Sensors Technology as a Tool for Discriminating Frailty Levels During Instrumented Gait Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8451
Author(s):  
Andrius Apsega ◽  
Liudvikas Petrauskas ◽  
Vidmantas Alekna ◽  
Kristina Daunoraviciene ◽  
Viktorija Sevcenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Stride Time ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Phase Time ◽  
Gait Assessment ◽  
Gait Parameters

Background and objectives: One of the greatest challenges facing the healthcare of the aging population is frailty. There is growing scientific evidence that gait assessment using wearable sensors could be used for prefrailty and frailty screening. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of a wearable sensor-based assessment of gait to discriminate between frailty levels (robust, prefrail, and frail). Materials and methods: 133 participants (≥60 years) were recruited and frailty was assessed using the Fried criteria. Gait was assessed using wireless inertial sensors attached by straps on the thighs, shins, and feet. Between-group differences in frailty were assessed using analysis of variance. Associations between frailty and gait parameters were assessed using multinomial logistic models with frailty as the dependent variable. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) to estimate the predictive validity of each parameter. The cut-off values were calculated based on the Youden index. Results: Frailty was identified in 37 (28%) participants, prefrailty in 66 (50%), and no Fried criteria were found in 30 (23%) participants. Gait speed, stance phase time, swing phase time, stride time, double support time, and cadence were able to discriminate frailty from robust, and prefrail from robust. Stride time (AUC = 0.915), stance phase (AUC = 0.923), and cadence (AUC = 0.930) were the most sensitive parameters to separate frail or prefrail from robust. Other gait parameters, such as double support, had poor sensitivity. We determined the value of stride time (1.19 s), stance phase time (0.68 s), and cadence (101 steps/min) to identify individuals with prefrailty or frailty with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: The results of our study show that gait analysis using wearable sensors could discriminate between frailty levels. We were able to identify several gait indicators apart from gait speed that distinguish frail or prefrail from robust with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. If improved and adapted for everyday use, gait assessment technologies could contribute to frailty screening and monitoring.

scholarly journals Assessment of test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the Wisconsin Gait Scale in hemiparetic post-stroke patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Guzik ◽  
Mariusz Drużbicki ◽  
Grzegorz Przysada ◽  
Andrzej Kwolek ◽  
Agnieszka Brzozowska-Magoń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Introduction: A proper assessment of gait pattern is a significant aspect in planning the process of teaching gait in hemiparetic post-stroke patients. The Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) is an observational tool for assessing post-stroke patients’ gait. The aim of the study was to assess test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the WGS and examine correlations between gait assessment made with the WGS and gait speed, Brunnström scale, Ashworth’s scale and the Barthel Index. Material and methods: The research included 36 post-stroke patients. The patients’ gait was assessed with the use of the Wisconsin Gait Scale, gait speed with the use of walk test, the level of motor control in a paretic lower limb – according to Brunnström recovery stages, muscle tone in a paretic lower limb – according to modified Ashworth’s scale and functional independence was assessed using the Barthel Index. Gait was assessed with the use of the WGS twice, with a 7-day interval, by three experienced physiotherapists. Results: The analysis of internal consistency of the WGS revealed that the Cronbach’s α coefficient was high in the case of all the three raters and ranged from 0.85 to 0.88. It was noted that the coefficient of variation for all the comparisons was below 10%. When assessing the repeatability of the results, it was revealed that correlations between both measurements made by particular raters were very strong and highly significant. The WGS results significantly correlated with Brunnström scale, Ashworth’s scale and gait speed. Conclusions: It was concluded that the WGS has a high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Also, significant correlations were found between gait assessment made with the use of the WGS and gait speed, level of motor control and muscle tone of a paretic lower limb. The WGS constitutes a promising tool for a qualitative, observational analysis of gait in post-stroke patients and allows for proper planning, monitoring and assessing rehabilitation results.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Knee Joint Hyperextension during the Stance Phase of Gait in Hemiparetic Stroke Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Cooper ◽  
Ghalib Abdulllah Alghamdi ◽  
Mohammed Abdulrahman Alghamdi ◽  
Abdulrahman Altowaijri ◽  
Susan Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Hemiparetic Stroke ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Evaluation of balance functions using temporo-spatial gait analysis parameters in patients with brain lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Joo Lee ◽  
Na-Young Joo ◽  
Sung Hyun Kim ◽  
Chung Reen Kim ◽  
Dongseok Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Balance Function ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Gait Function ◽  
Balance Functions

AbstractThis study aimed to compare gait analysis and balance function measurements, such as the Berg balance scale (BBS) score to seek specific measurements that can represent the balance functions of patients with brain lesions. Additionally, we also compared other different gait function scale scores with gait analysis measurements. This study included 77 patients with brain lesions admitted to our institution between January 2017 and August 2020. Their gait analysis parameters and clinical data, including personal data; clinical diagnosis; duration of the disease; cognition, ambulation, and stair-climbing sub-scores of the modified Barthel index (MBI); manual muscle test (MMT) findings of both lower extremities; functional ambulation category (FAC); and BBS score, were retrospectively analyzed. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the gait analysis parameters that would significantly correlate with the balance function and other physical performances. In the results, the BBS scores were significantly correlated with the gait speed and step width/height2. However, the other gait function measurements, such as the FAC and ambulation and stair-climbing sub-scores of the MBI, were correlated only with the gait speed. Additionally, both the summations of the lower extremity MMT findings and anti-gravity lower extremity MMT findings were correlated with the average swing phase time. Therefore, in the gait analysis, the gait speed may be an important factor in determining the balance and gait functions of the patients with brain lesions. Moreover, the step width/height2 may be a significant factor in determining their balance function. However, further studies with larger sample sizes should be performed to confirm this relationship.

scholarly journals Assessment of the correlations between gait speed in post-stroke patients and the time from stroke onset, the level of motor control in the paretic lower limb, proprioception, visual field impairment and functional independence

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Mariusz Drużbicki ◽  
Grzegorz Przysada ◽  
Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz ◽  
Andrzej Kwolek ◽  
Teresa Pop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Stroke Onset ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke

Abstract Introduction: Gait recovery is one of the main objectives in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients. The study aim was to assess the correlations between gait speed in post-stroke hemiparetic patients and the level of motor control in the paretic lower limb, the time from stroke onset, the subjects’ age as well as the impairment of proprioception and visual field. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was performed at the Clinical Rehabilitation Ward of the Regional Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszow. The study group consisted of 600 patients after a first stroke who walked independently. The measurements focused on gait speed assessed in a 10-meter walking test, motor control in the lower limb according to Brunnström recovery stages, proprioception in lower limbs, visual field as well as functional independence according to The Barthel Index. Results: The study revealed a slight negative correlation between gait speed and the subjects’ age (r = − 0.25). No correlation was found between mean gait speed and the time from stroke onset. On the other hand, gait speed strongly correlated both with the level of motor control in the lower limb (p = 0.0008) and the incidence of impaired proprioception. Additionally, a strong statistically significant correlation between the patients’ gait speed and the level of functional independence was found with the use of The Barthel Index. Conclusions: The level of motor control in the paretic lower limb and proprioception are vital factors affecting gait speed and functional independence. Patients with a higher level of functional independence demonstrated higher gait speed.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bilateral Lower Limb Training over Unilateral to Re-educate Balance and Walking in Post-stroke Survivors: A Protocol for Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
Pallavi Harjpal ◽  
Moh'd Irshad Qureshi ◽  
Rakesh Krishna Kovela ◽  
Moli Jain
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Unaffected Side ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Group B

Background: One of the significant causes of morbidity worldwide and an essential contributor to disability is Stroke. As said by the National Stroke Association, nine post-stroke survivors out of 10 experience some degree of weakness post-stroke. The hemiplegic patients with sub-acute stroke, who will undergo training to both the lower limb overtraining to only involved side will have an improvement in balance and walking. The goal of this study is to see how much training to both the lower limb improves functional recovery in patients who have had a subacute stroke compared to unilateral, more insufficient limb training. Objective: The goal of this study was to see how training to both the lower limb overtraining to the hemiparetic lower limb on balance and walking in subacute stroke patients. Methods: A randomized clinical study with assessor blinding will be conducted with participants with subacute stroke (n=40). Participants will be randomized to one of two groups after performing baseline assessments: Group A or Group B.1st group will receive training only to the hemiparetic side, i.e., Motor Relearning Programme and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and 2nd group participants will receive bilateral training, i.e., Strengthening to the unaffected side along with Motor Relearning Programme and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation to the affected side. During the therapy period, we will assess lower limb function through static and dynamic balance, walking, and gait measures. Results: The purpose of the research is to look into the effect of training to both the lower limb overtraining to the hemiparetic lower limb on balance and walking in subacute stroke patients. The results of this study will be based on the outcome measures that are static and dynamic balance in the stroke patients and walking. Conclusion: The study's findings will shed more light on the benefits of training to both the lower limb overtraining to only involved side in patients post-stroke. If this trial proves successful, it will help post-stroke patients improve their balance and walking.

scholarly journals Velocity Determinants in Spastic Patients after Stroke—A Gait Analysis Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Miguel Reis e Silva ◽  
Jorge Jacinto
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Exclusion Criteria

Introduction: Gait velocity in spastic patients after stroke is both a life quality and mortality predictor. However, the precise biomechanical events that impair a faster velocity in this population are not defined. This study goal is to find out which are the gait parameters associated with a higher velocity in stroke patients with spastic paresis. Methods: The registries of a Gait analysis laboratory were retrospectively analyzed. The inclusion criteria were: trials of adult stroke patients with unilateral deficits. The exclusion criteria were: trials when patients used an external walking device, an orthosis, or support by a third person. Of the 116 initial patients, after the application of the exclusion criteria, 34 patients were included in the cohort, all with spatiotemporal, static and dynamic kinematic and dynamometric studies. Results: There was a correlation of velocity with cadence, stride length of the paretic (P) limb, stride length, and time of the P and non-paretic (NP) limb, double support time, all the parameters related to hip extension during stance phase, knee flexion during swing phase, and parameters related to ankle plantarflexion during stance phase. Conclusions: The main gait analysis outcomes that have a correlation with speed are related to the formula velocity = step length × cadence or are related to stance phase events that allow the anterior projection of the body. The only swing phase outcome that has a correlation with speed is knee flexion. More studies are needed from gait analysis laboratories in order to point out the most relevant goals to achieve with gait training in spastic stroke patients.

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