scholarly journals Formula-feeding practice and associated factors among urban and rural mothers with infants 0–6 months of age: a comparative study in Jimma zone Western Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakew Abebe ◽  
Mamusha Aman ◽  
Shifera Asfaw ◽  
Hailay Gebreyesus ◽  
Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Rural Mothers ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract Background Infants are in a state of rapid development and maturation; the growth rate is most rapid during the first 4 to 6 months of life. Few studies indicated that in developing countries including Ethiopia the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding is declining and being replaced by formula milk. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the formula-feeding practice and its associated factors among urban and rural mothers with infants 0–6 months of age in the Jimma Zone, Western Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 7, 2015, to January 10, 2016, in the Jimma Zone. The quantitative data were collected from a sample of 714 respondents using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and the multivariate logistic regression model was used to show predictors of the formula-feeding practice among mothers with infants 0–6 months of age. Result The proportion of mothers who feed their baby formula-based was 47.2%, of which 34.5% were living in rural areas and 65.5% were living in urban areas. Among the mothers living in urban areas, the likelihood of formula-feeding was significantly associated with maternal educational status and attitude towards formula-feeding. On the other hand, being attended by relatives/friends and the traditional birth attendant was significantly associated with the formula-feeding practice among mothers who live in rural areas. Conclusion Nearly half of the mothers in the study area practice formula-feeding for their infant. Therefore, sustained community based nutritional health education is recommended for pregnant and lactating mothers to reduce the practice of formula-feeding for infants.

scholarly journals Formula feeding practice and associated factors among mothers with infants 0–6 months of age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemnesh Abebe Taye ◽  
Wondwosen Asegidew ◽  
Mitku Mammo Taderegew ◽  
Yonas Girma Bizuwork ◽  
Betregiorgis Zegeye
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background Lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the first half-year of life is an important risk factor for childhood morbidity and mortality. Despite this, less than 40% of infants below 6 months are exclusively breastfed worldwide. This is because breastfeeding is declining and being replaced by formula feeding. Nowaday, formula feeding has become a more common practice in urban communities of developing countries. However, relatively little information is available regarding formula feeding practice and its associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly in Addis Ababa. Hence, this study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of formula feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers of an infant aged 0–6 months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April-1 to May 30/2020 among 494 mothers with infants 0–6 months of age. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data were entered and cleaned by using Epi data version 3.1 and analysed by SPSS software version 25. Then data were processed by using descriptive analysis, including frequency distribution, and summary measures. The degree of association was assessed using binary logistic regression analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result The prevalence of formula feeding and pre-lacteal feeding practice was 46.2 and 34.4%, respectively. Educational status with a diploma and above (AOR = 3.09, 95%CI: 1.56–6.14), delivery by cesarean section (AOR = 6.13, 95%CI: 4.01–9.37), pre-lacteal feeding practice (AOR = 7.61, 95%CI: 4.11–11.06), and delayed initiation of breastfeeding (after 1 h to 1 day (AOR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.59–7.40), after 1 day to 3 days (AOR = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.51–9.41), and after 3 days (AOR = 5.41, 95% CI: 2.15–13.60)) were significantly associated with formula feeding practice. Conclusions Nearly half of the participants were practiced formula-feeding for their infant. Educational status of mothers, the timing of initiation of breastfeeding, delivery by cesarean section, and pre-lacteal feeding practice were significantly associated with formula feeding practice. Therefore, early initiation of breastfeeding, educating mothers about the risks associated with pre-lacteal feeding, and supporting mothers who gave birth by cesarean section for exclusive breastfeeding should be encouraged at the community and institutional levels.

Low-Carbon Space in Urban and Rural Areas: Ecological Greenway Planning of Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao City, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 821-824
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

With the rapid development of urbanization, more intensive urban buildings and crowded space resulted in the declining of the environmental quality in urban areas, and also eroding the natural and cultural resources both in urban and rural areas, which requested the desires for healthy living and natural environment. Greenway, with the low-carbon to meet people's desire, is a dedicated “way” linking the urban, natural and cultural landscape. With ecological protection, exercise, recreation and leisure, historical and cultural continuity, and other functions, it is one of the special low-carbon spaces. Greenway, sharing and integration of urban and rural resources, plays the role of effective protection of urban and rural local cultural and ecological environment. The design of the Shanhaiguan Greenway, for example, is not only to meet the basic requirements of the greenway, but also combined with the history and culture, to further Improve the urban quality of the historical and cultural city of Shanhaiguan and build an urban and rural low-carbon space.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of hypertension management in China: a community-based intervention study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguo Zheng ◽  
Feng Xiao ◽  
Ruili Li ◽  
Delu Yin ◽  
Qianqian Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Hypertension Management ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
One Year

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hypertension management and analyse the factors associated with blood pressure reduction within China’s primary healthcare system. Background: Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for global disease burden and is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. In China, hypertension is a serious public health problem, but few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of hypertension management in China’s primary healthcare system. Methods: The study sites were 24 primary healthcare institutions, selected using multistage stratified random sampling method. In each institution, hypertension patients aged at least 35 years who agreed to participate and had no disabilities or mental health problems were enrolled for hypertension management. Participants received comprehensive interventions in the primary healthcare system via a team. After a one-year intervention, data from 6575 hypertension patients were analysed to check the effectiveness of hypertension management and examined factors associated with hypertension control. Findings: There was an overall mean reduction of 4.5 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 1.9 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The blood pressure reduction after one year was greater in rural patients than in urban patients, 6.6 mmHg versus 3.4 mmHg for SBP and 2.6 mmHg versus 1.6 mmHg for DBP, respectively. The hypertension control rate also increased more in rural areas (22.1%) than in urban areas (10.6%) after the one-year intervention. Age, body mass index, region and being in an urban area had a significant negative association with the reduction of SBP (P < 0.05). Education level and baseline SBP showed a significant positive association (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Community-based hypertension management by general practitioners was feasible and effective. The effectiveness of hypertension management in rural areas was greater than in urban areas. Intervention strategies should pay more attention to patients in rural areas and western China.

Survival Disparities in Patients with Lymphoma According to Place of Residence and Treatment Provider: A Population-Based Study

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 874-874
Author(s):  
Fausto R Loberiza ◽  
Anthony J Cannon ◽  
Dennis D Weisenburger ◽  
Julie M. Vose ◽  
Matt J. Moehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Patients

Abstract Objectives: We evaluated the association of the primary area of residence (urban vs. rural) and treatment (trt) provider (university-based vs. community-based) with overall survival in patients with lymphoma, and determined if there are patient subgroups that could benefit from better coordination of care. Methods: We performed a population-based study in 2,330 patients with centrally confirmed lymphoma from Nebraska and surrounding states reported to the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group between 1982 and 2006. Patient residential ZIP codes at the time to trt were used to determine rural/urban designation, household income and distance to trt center; while trt providers were categorized into university-based or community based. Multivariate analyses were used to group patients into risk levels based on 8 factors found to be associated with survival at the time of trt (age, performance score, Ann Arbor stage, presence of B symptoms, LDH levels, tumor bulk, nodal and extranodal involvement). The following categories were identified: low-risk (1–3 factors), intermediate risk (4–5 factors), and high-risk (≥6 factors). Cox proportional regression analyses, stratified by type of lymphoma (low-grade NHL, high-grade NHL and Hodgkin) were used to evaluate the association between place of residence and trt provider with overall survival. Results: Among urban residents, 321 (14%) were treated by university-based providers (UUB) and 816 (35%) were treated by community-based providers (UCB). Among rural residents, 332 (14%) were treated by university-based providers (RUB) and 861 (37%) were treated by community-based providers (RCB). Patients from rural areas were more likely to be older and Caucasian, with a lower median household income, greater travel distance to seek trt, and more likely to have high-risk disease when compared to patients from urban areas. In multivariate analysis, using all patients regardless of risk level, the relative risk of death (RR) among UUB, UCB and RUB was not statistically different. However, RCB had a higher risk of death RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.65, p=0.01; RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.33, p<0.01; and RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49, p=0.01 when compared with UUB, UCB and RUB, respectively. This association remained true in both low- and intermediate-risk patients. Among high-risk patients, both RUB and RCB were at higher risk of death when compared with UUB or UCB, while UCB were not different from UUB. We found no differences in progression-free survival according to place of residence and trt provider. The use of stem cell transplantation was significantly higher in patients coming from urban and rural areas treated by university-based providers (UUB 19%, RUB 16%) compared to urban and rural patients treated by community-based providers (UCB 11%, RCB 10%, p < 0.01). Patients from rural areas (RUB and RCB) were slightly less likely to die from lymphoma-related causes than patients from urban areas (75% versus 80%, p=0.04). Conclusion: Overall survival in patients with lymphoma is inferior in patients coming from rural areas. This relationship varies according to treatment provider and pretreatment risk levels. Further studies in patients from rural areas are needed to understand how coordination of care is carried to design appropriate interventions that may improve the disparity noted.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Measurement and Dietary Pattern of Rural Farmers in Osisioma Ngwa Local Government Area Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Oguizu ◽  
Joy Orinkpa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Crop Farming

AbstractIntroductionIn Nigeria, up to 70 percent of the populations are employed in the agricultural sector. Majority of the farmers are in the rural area (Khayesi, 2001). Poverty in rural areas is much more widespread than in urban areas. A high proportion of poor households consist of farmers who depend on agriculture as a primary food and livelihood source. Malnutrition is widespread in the entire country and rural areas are especially vulnerable to chronic food shortage, unbalanced nutrition, poor quality and high cost of food (Akinyele, 2009).ObjectivesThe specific objectives were to: (i) obtain information about the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers; (ii) assess the dietary pattern of the rural farmers using food frequency questionnaire. (iii) obtain the anthropometric measurements of the rural farmers; (iv) compare dietary pattern and anthropometric data of the farmers.Materials and MethodsFour hundred and fifty farmers were randomly selected from the list of registered farmers in Osisioma L.G.A. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio economic and dietary pattern of farmers. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized procedures. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis.ResultsResult show that 62.5% were males and 37.5% females. About 62.5% were between 40–50 years while only 1% was less than 30 years. About 12% of the farmers were underweight, 26% were overweight and 3% were obese. Results on dietary practices showed that less than half (45%) of the farmers' source of nutrition information came from the community health workers. Large number of the population (65%) reported a poor feeding practice and 76.4% skipped meals, which is an unhealthy nutritional practice. Majority (84.7%) also indicated not to have enough resources for family feeding. Farming activity revealed majority (86%) practiced crop farming with cassava (48.4%), garden egg (46.8%), maize/Oka (46.8%) and pumpkin/Ugu (37.5%) as the most farm produce of income. Bread, rice and maize were the most consumed cereal. Garri/fufu topped the most consumed root and tuber food produce. Seasonal variation affected fruit consumption with paw-paw (65.7%), orange (48.5%) and mango (55.0%) being the most consumed fruits.ConclusionThis study showed poor participation of youths in farming. Farmers in the study location majorly engaged in crop farming of cassava, maize and vegetables, this led to a high consumption of cassava and maize products.

scholarly journals Spreading Telehealth for Older Adults in Rural Areas Through Network of Geriatric Interprofessional Teams

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 796-796
Author(s):  
Steven Barczi ◽  
Megan Gately ◽  
Lauren Welch ◽  
Kathryn Nearing ◽  
Stephen Thielke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Team Care ◽  
Geriatric Consultation ◽  
Complex Care Needs ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Community Based Services

Abstract Older adults living in rural areas have limited access to geriatrics interprofessional team care. In the Veteran healthcare system, geriatric teams such as geriatricians, nursing professionals, social workers, pharmacists and psychologists, located in urban areas link up with rural clinics to provide geriatric consultation remotely through clinical video telehealth and other means in the project GRECC Connect. Since its inception in 2014, the service has now grown to 16 geriatric teams offering consultation to over 100 clinic sites serving older rural Veterans. GRECC Connect delivered over 2,000 consultations in 2019, meeting complex care needs by identifying and linking geriatric services and management to patients with geriatric syndromes. The network of established geriatric teams, local champions and a shared Electronic Health Record facilitated the spread, while ongoing effort to build and maintain relationships between consultants and local rural provider teams and other community based services are important for ongoing success.

scholarly journals Trends and Factors Associated with Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV among Women in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Son ◽  
Hoang Duc Luan ◽  
Ho Xuan Tuan ◽  
Le Manh Cuong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Duong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Hiv Women ◽  
Common Misconceptions

This study aimed to assess the trends and associated factors of comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women in Vietnam using the dataset of the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICSs) in 2000, 2006, 2011, and 2014. The outcome variable was comprehensive knowledge about HIV, defined as the ability to correctly answer three knowledge questions and to reject the three most common misconceptions about HIV prevention. We found that comprehensive knowledge about HIV increased from 26.1% in 2000 to 44.1% in 2011, but it decreased slightly between 2011 and 2014, from 44.1% to 42.4%. Increased comprehensive knowledge about HIV was associated with women who had higher education and those in the fourth and fifth quintiles of household wealth in all four rounds of the MICS. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women was also associated with those who had ever been tested for HIV and those with knowledge of where to be tested for HIV. Women in the urban areas were more likely to have higher levels of comprehensive knowledge about HIV as compared to the women in the rural areas in 2000, 2006, and 2011 but not in 2014. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women in Vietnam increased from 2000 to 2014, but it was still relatively low.

scholarly journals Appropriate Complementary Feeding Practice and associated factors among mothers with children age 6- 23 months in Faggeta-Lekoma District, Northwest Ethiopia: community- based cross - sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu belete Ferede ◽  
Gashaw Andargie Bikes ◽  
Tsgehana gebregyorgis Gebremichael
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Visit

Abstract Abstract Objective : the aim of the study was to assess appropriate complementary feeding practices and associated factors among mothers with children of age 6 - 23 months in Faggeta-Lekoma District, Northwest Ethiopia. Result – A total of 593 study subjects were included in the study. The magnitude of appropriate complementary feeding practice was 10.6%. Majority (67.1%) of the mothers timely initiated complementary feeding at 6 months. About 60% of mothers fulfill the minimum meal frequency feeding to their children, the day preceding the survey. Only 12.3 % mothers offered four or more food groups to their child Mother’s education: high school and above [AOR=3.12(95%CI 1.43, 6.81)], postnatal care visit [AOR=5.30 (95%CI 2.69, 10.42)], Age of a child: 18-23 months [AOR=3.98 (95%CI 1.55, 10.22)] were significantly associated with appropriate complementary feeding practice. Keywords : appropriate Complementary feeding practice, Children aged 6–23 months, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Prevalence of hearing impairment in Aligarh: a community based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2926
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asif Khan ◽  
Najam Khalique ◽  
Zulfia Khan ◽  
Abrar Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population

Background: Hearing impairment is avery complex phenomenon, which has many and serious consequencesfor people and involves many factors and issues that should becarefully examined. The objective of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment in the study population.Methods: Study design was a community based cross sectional study. Setting was on field practice areas of the urban and rural health training centers, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. No. of Participants was 422 study subjects age 18 and above 18 years; Systematic random sampling and proportionate to population size method (PPS). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 13; Chi-square.Results: Overall prevalence in present study population was found to be 23.1%. The prevalence in the rural areas (24.8%) was found to be higher than that of the urban areas (20.5%). The age specific prevalence showed that the maximum prevalence was in the age group of more than 70 years (66.6%). In the rural areas the prevalence was highest in the >70 year age group(75%) while in the urban areas it was maximum in the 61-70 year age group(61.5%). The prevalence was least in the 31-40 year age group in both urban (5.4%) as well as rural areas (14.5%). The association of hearing loss with age was found to be highly significant.Conclusions:A high prevalence of hearing impairment was found in the study. Increasing prevalence of hearing impairment was observed with advancing age.  

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