scholarly journals Anthropometric Measurement and Dietary Pattern of Rural Farmers in Osisioma Ngwa Local Government Area Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Oguizu ◽  
Joy Orinkpa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Crop Farming

AbstractIntroductionIn Nigeria, up to 70 percent of the populations are employed in the agricultural sector. Majority of the farmers are in the rural area (Khayesi, 2001). Poverty in rural areas is much more widespread than in urban areas. A high proportion of poor households consist of farmers who depend on agriculture as a primary food and livelihood source. Malnutrition is widespread in the entire country and rural areas are especially vulnerable to chronic food shortage, unbalanced nutrition, poor quality and high cost of food (Akinyele, 2009).ObjectivesThe specific objectives were to: (i) obtain information about the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers; (ii) assess the dietary pattern of the rural farmers using food frequency questionnaire. (iii) obtain the anthropometric measurements of the rural farmers; (iv) compare dietary pattern and anthropometric data of the farmers.Materials and MethodsFour hundred and fifty farmers were randomly selected from the list of registered farmers in Osisioma L.G.A. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio economic and dietary pattern of farmers. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized procedures. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis.ResultsResult show that 62.5% were males and 37.5% females. About 62.5% were between 40–50 years while only 1% was less than 30 years. About 12% of the farmers were underweight, 26% were overweight and 3% were obese. Results on dietary practices showed that less than half (45%) of the farmers' source of nutrition information came from the community health workers. Large number of the population (65%) reported a poor feeding practice and 76.4% skipped meals, which is an unhealthy nutritional practice. Majority (84.7%) also indicated not to have enough resources for family feeding. Farming activity revealed majority (86%) practiced crop farming with cassava (48.4%), garden egg (46.8%), maize/Oka (46.8%) and pumpkin/Ugu (37.5%) as the most farm produce of income. Bread, rice and maize were the most consumed cereal. Garri/fufu topped the most consumed root and tuber food produce. Seasonal variation affected fruit consumption with paw-paw (65.7%), orange (48.5%) and mango (55.0%) being the most consumed fruits.ConclusionThis study showed poor participation of youths in farming. Farmers in the study location majorly engaged in crop farming of cassava, maize and vegetables, this led to a high consumption of cassava and maize products.

scholarly journals Willingness and professional motivations of medical students to work in rural areas: a study in Alexandria, Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida M. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Rural Service

Retaining health workers in rural areas is challenging for a number of reasons, e.g. personal preferences, difficult work conditions and low remuneration. Our aim was to determine the effect of motivational factors on willingness to accept postings to rural underserved areas in Alexandria, Egypt and to identify perceived attributes of rural service.,A cross-sectional survey involving 302 4th-year medical students was conducted in March-July 2012. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between students’ willingness to accept rural postings and their professional motivations, rural exposure and family parental professional and educational status (PPES). Perceived attributes to rural service were also assessed. Over 85% students were born in urban areas and 41.4% came from affluent backgrounds. More than half students reported strong intrinsic motivation to study medicine. After controlling for demographic characteristics and rural exposure, motivational factors significantly influenced willingness to practice in rural areas. High-family PPES was consistently associated with lower willingness to work in rural areas. A sizable portion of medical students are motivated to study and practice medicine in rural areas. Efforts should be made to build on motivation during medical training and designing rural postings, as well as favor lower PPES students for admission and improving organizational and contextual issues of rural service.

scholarly journals “Our Tradition Our Enemy”: A Qualitative Study of Barriers to Women’s HIV Care in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Hailay Gesesew ◽  
Pamela Lyon ◽  
Paul Ward ◽  
Kifle Woldemichael ◽  
Lillian Mwanri
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia

Evidence exists that suggests that women are vulnerable to negative HIV treatment outcomes worldwide. This study explored barriers to treatment outcomes of women in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. We interviewed 11 HIV patients, 9 health workers, 10 community advocates and 5 HIV program managers from 10 institutions using an in-depth interview guide designed to probe barriers to HIV care at individual, community, healthcare provider, and government policy levels. To systematically analyze the data, we applied a thematic framework analysis using NVivo. In total, 35 participants were involved in the study and provided the following interrelated barriers: (i) Availability— most women living in rural areas who accessed HIV cared less often than men; (ii) free antiretroviral therapy (ART) is expensive—most women who have low income and who live in urban areas sold ART drugs illegally to cover ART associated costs; (iii) fear of being seen by others—negative consequences of HIV related stigma was higher in women than men; (iv) the role of tradition—the dominance of patriarchy was found to be the primary barrier to women’s HIV care and treatment outcomes. In conclusion, barriers related to culture or tradition constrain women’s access to HIV care. Therefore, policies and strategies should focus on these contextual constrains.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factor of hypertension among individuals of age 18-59 years in South-eastern Nepal: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajjwal Pyakurel ◽  
Deepak Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jeevan Thapa ◽  
Nishant Thakur ◽  
Pramita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for the rising burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in developing region. It has also been recognized as one of the major public health problems in the developing countries since the early seventies and the rate is increasing not only in urban areas but in rural areas with low socio-economic condition.  Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Jogidaha Village Development Comittee(VDC) and Triyuga Municipality of Udaypur district of South-Eastern Nepal. A total of 430 participants of age 18-59 years were selected. Semi-structured questionnaire (WHO NCD STEPS instrument) was used to collect information on demographic variables and associated risk factors with use of show cards. Clinical and anthropometric measurement were done. Primary outcome was prevalence of hypertension. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to show strength of association among various risk factors with hypertension.  Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 25.1%. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 49.8%. Hypertension was significantly associated with age (AOR=1.09, CI=1.05-1.10) and gender (male >female; AOR= 2.12,CI =1.22-3.68). Similarly, increased waist-hip ratio(7.12; CI 2.87-17.67),alcohol consumption(OR=2.82,CI=1.77-4.52), and use of tobacco products (OR =1.8,CI=1.02-3.20) showed significant association with hypertension. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of hypertension in rural districts of South-Eastern Nepal. A community-based preventive approach with early detection and treatment and life-style modification is needed to reduce the burden of disease and make sustainable changes. 

RESURRECTION OF THE PRIVATE MICRO-ENTERPRISES IN CHINA: EXPERIENCE IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
EBEL WICKRAMANAYAKE ◽  
YAFANG CHEN ◽  
MING WEN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Socialist Market Economy ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Capital Access ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The People's Republic of China initiated a reform programme in late 1970s to move from a socialist to a socialist market economy. The unemployment in urban areas and poor performances of the agricultural sector prompted to a great extent the introduction of reforms which paved the way for the resurrection of private micro-enterprises both in urban and rural areas. A comparison of the characteristics of these enterprises such as entrepreneurship, sources of capital, access to land and sites, technology, sources of raw materials, labour utilisation, type of activities and internal capital accumulation highlights their similarities and differences.

scholarly journals Rurality and dietary patterns: associations in a UK cohort study of 10-year-old children

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim T Morris ◽  
Kate Northstone
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Components Analysis

AbstractObjectiveDespite differences in obesity and ill health between urban and rural areas in the UK being well documented, very little is known about differences in dietary patterns across these areas. The present study aimed to examine whether urban/rural status is associated with dietary patterns in a population-based UK cohort study of children.DesignDietary patterns were obtained using principal components analysis and cluster analysis of 3 d diet records collected from children at 10 years of age. Rurality was obtained from the 2001 UK Census urban/rural indicator at the time of dietary assessment. General linear models were used to examine the relationship between rurality and dietary pattern scores from principal components analysis; multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between rurality and dietary clusters.SettingThe Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), South West England.SubjectsChildren (n 5677) aged 10 years (2817 boys and 2860 girls).ResultsAfter adjustment, increases in rurality were associated with increased scores on the ‘health awareness’ dietary pattern (β=0·35; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·56; P<0·001 for the most rural compared with the most urban group) and lower scores on the ‘packed lunch/snack’ dietary pattern (β=−0·39; 95 % CI −0·59, −0·19; P<0·001 for the most rural compared with the most urban group). The odds ratio for participants being in the ‘healthy’ compared with the ‘processed’ dietary cluster for the most rural areas was 1·61 (95 % CI 1·05, 2·49; P=0·02) compared with those in the most urban areas.ConclusionsThere is evidence to suggest that differences exist in dietary patterns between rural and urban areas. Similar results were found using two different methods of dietary pattern analysis, showing that children residing in rural households were more likely to consume healthier diets than those in urban households.

scholarly journals Gambaran Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Tradisional pada Penduduk Lanjut Usia di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Rukmini Rukmini ◽  
Lusi Kristiani
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Manual Skills

One of the health efforts that have the opportunity to improve the health status of the elderly is traditional health services (Yankestrad). This paper aims to describe the use of Yankestrad among the elderly in Indonesia. The data source in this analysis is Riskesdas 2018, a research conducted by the Ministry of Health with the elderly (≥60 years) as the analysis unit. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the use of Yankestrad in the elderly was 37.0% and self-medication with traditional medicine was 17.3%. Young elderly people mostly use Yankestrad (37.9%), while self-medication with traditional medicine are dominated by elderly women (18.3%) in rural areas (19.5%). The use of Toga in the elderly in Indonesia (31.9%), mostly women (33.3%) in rural areas (36.3%). The most common types of Yankestrad used by the elderly were manual skills, potions, and homemade potions. Male elderly (55.5%) in urban areas (56.5%) used more prepared ingredients, while female elderly (43.6%) in rural areas (46.5%) preferred homemade ingredients. Older people with low expenditure levels tend to take advantage of prepared ingredients or homemade ingredients, while high expenditures tend to take advantage of manual skills. Traditional healers (98.2%) are the type of yakestrad used mostly by the elderly. In conclusion, Yankestrad in Indonesia is mostly used by the elderly, therefore it has the potential to be developed as an alternative model of health services for the elderly. Given the high interest of the elderly with Yankestrad and the use of traditional healers, it is necessary to provide Yankestrad facilities, especially in Puskesmas with traditional health workers who are able to provide safe and quality health services to the elderly. Abstrak Salah satu upaya kesehatan yang berpeluang meningkatkan status kesehatan lansia adalah pelayanan kesehatan tradisional (Yankestrad). Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemanfaatan Yankestrad pada penduduk lansia di Indonesia. Sumber data dalam analisis ini adalah Riskesdas 2018. Riset yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan dengan unit analisis lansia (≥60 tahun). Analisis data secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan, pemanfaatan Yankestrad pada lansia 37,0% dan upaya sendiri dengan obat tradisional 17,3%. Lansia muda terbanyak memanfaatkan Yankestrad (37,9%), sedangkan upaya sendiri dengan obat tradisonal didominasi lansia perempuan (18,3%) di perdesaan (19,5%). Pemanfaatan Toga pada lansia di Indonesia (31,9%), terbanyak perempuan (33,3%) di perdesaan (36,3%). Jenis Yankestrad terbanyak dimanfaatkan lansia adalah keterampilan manual, ramuan jadi dan ramuan buatan sendiri. Lansia laki-laki (55,5%) di perkotaan (56,5%) lebih banyak memanfaatkan ramuan jadi, sedangkan lansia perempuan (43,6%) di perdesaan (46,5%) lebih menyukai ramuan buatan sendiri. Lansia dengan tingkat pengeluaran rendah cenderung memanfaatkan ramuan jadi atau ramuan buatan sendiri, sedangkan pengeluaran tinggi cenderung memanfaatkan ketrampilan manual. Penyehat tradisional (98,2%) adalah jenis tenaga terbanyak dimanfaatkan lansia. Kesimpulan, Yankestrad di Indonesia lebih banyak dimanfaatkan oleh lansia, oleh karena itu berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif model pelayanan kesehatan bagi lansia. Rekomendasi, mengingat tingginya minat para lansia dengan Yankestrad dan pemanfaatan penyehat tradisional, maka diperlukan penyediaan fasilitas Yankestrad khususnya di Puskesmas dengan tenaga kesehatan tradisional yang mampu memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang aman dan berkualitas bagi para lansia.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Kecamatan Balong Kabupaten Ponorogo

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Maretha Berlianantiya Muhammad Ridwan Eka Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

<p><em>Poverty often occurs in rural areas rather than urban areas, low education which results in low quality of human resources and lack of access is often the cause of rural poverty. In addition, most of the economies of rural communities rely solely on the traditional agricultural sector. Various poverty reduction policies have been implemented, including village fund policies. This study aims to examine the management of village funds in the Balong sub-district of Madiun Regency with a case study in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo villages covering the management of village funds in Tatung village and Karangmojo village. Balong Subdistrict and the impact of empowerment in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo, Balong District. This research was conducted in Balong Subdistrict, Ponorogo Regency with a Case study in Tatung Village and Karangmojo Village with qualitative methods. In the village of Tatung village funds are managed as tourist villages with a focus on Paragliding tourist rides. Whereas in Karangmojo village it is used for Bumdes in the form of Lovebird birds, providing Gapoktan assistance, and infrastructure development.</em></p>

scholarly journals Determinants of Agricultural Output in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
OMEKWE, Sunday Omiekuma Pau ◽  
BOSCO, ItoroEkpenyong ◽  
OBAYORI, Joseph Bidemi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Integration Test

The study examined the determinants of agricultural output in Nigeria from 1985-2016. It employs the econometric techniques of co-integration test and ECM approach to analyze the data obtained from the CBN statistical bulletin. The Augumented Dickey Fuller unit root test results showed that all the variables were stationary at first difference. The Johansen co-integration test results showed that co-integrating equations exist which fit the model for the ECM. Meanwhile, the ECM results showed that; government funding in agriculture is positively and significantly related to agricultural output, agriculture credit has positive and significant impact on agricultural output. Also, climate change has a positive and significant effect on agricultural output. The findings from the study showed that agricultural funding; agricultural credits as well as climate change are key determinants of agricultural output in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommends amongst others that there should be increase infrastructural funding in the yearly budget in order to provide infrastructural facilities to the rural areas where bulk of farm products are produced. Also, credit to the agricultural sector via the rural farmers should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Utilization of Maternity Waiting Home (MWH) to Improve Access to Health Services: Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
Nuraina Nuraina
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Emergency Obstetric Care ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Maternity Waiting Home ◽  
Improve Access

Maternity waiting home (MWH) is a home built in the compound or near to health facilities that provides standard medical and emergency obstetric care services. MWH is considered to be a key strategy to "bridge the geographical gap" in obstetric care between rural areas with poor access to equipped facilities, and urban areas where the services are available. This study aimed to systematically review the utilization of MWH to improve access to health service. The method of finding articles in this study was in the period 2014 to 2018, free full text, human species, and scholarly journals which were then identified using an electronic database from Pubmed, Proquest and Onesearch. Three articles were carried out with thematic analysis to identify the main points. Factors associated with the utilization of MWH included (1) Distance; (2) Complication during pregnancy; and (3) Income. Barrier in the utilization of MWH were (1) Inadequate number of room and postpartum bed; (2) Lack of water and sanitation facilities; and (3) Unavailable electricity. Partnership between health workers in rural facilities, stronger role of stakeholders, and a broader health system, were expected to increase the utilization of MWH.

scholarly journals Formula-feeding practice and associated factors among urban and rural mothers with infants 0–6 months of age: a comparative study in Jimma zone Western Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakew Abebe ◽  
Mamusha Aman ◽  
Shifera Asfaw ◽  
Hailay Gebreyesus ◽  
Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Rural Mothers ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract Background Infants are in a state of rapid development and maturation; the growth rate is most rapid during the first 4 to 6 months of life. Few studies indicated that in developing countries including Ethiopia the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding is declining and being replaced by formula milk. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the formula-feeding practice and its associated factors among urban and rural mothers with infants 0–6 months of age in the Jimma Zone, Western Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 7, 2015, to January 10, 2016, in the Jimma Zone. The quantitative data were collected from a sample of 714 respondents using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and the multivariate logistic regression model was used to show predictors of the formula-feeding practice among mothers with infants 0–6 months of age. Result The proportion of mothers who feed their baby formula-based was 47.2%, of which 34.5% were living in rural areas and 65.5% were living in urban areas. Among the mothers living in urban areas, the likelihood of formula-feeding was significantly associated with maternal educational status and attitude towards formula-feeding. On the other hand, being attended by relatives/friends and the traditional birth attendant was significantly associated with the formula-feeding practice among mothers who live in rural areas. Conclusion Nearly half of the mothers in the study area practice formula-feeding for their infant. Therefore, sustained community based nutritional health education is recommended for pregnant and lactating mothers to reduce the practice of formula-feeding for infants.

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