Syndromic surveillance of female sexually transmitted infections in primary care: a descriptive study in Monastir, Tunisia, 2007─2017

Abstract Background Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a public health problem, especially for reproductive-age women. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and trend of STIs during 11 years in Tunisia (2007–17). Methods We conducted a descriptive study including all women with curable STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and trichomoniasis) diagnosed with the syndromic approach in all basic health care centers of the Governorate of Monastir (Tunisia) from 2007 to 2017. Syndromes included, Pelvic Pain (PP), Vaginal Discharge (VD) and Genital Ulceration (GU). Results We analyzed 40,388 episodes of curable STIs with a crude incidence rate and age standardized incidence rate of 1393 (95% Confidence Interval (CI); 1348–1438) / 100,000 Person Year (PY) and 1328 (95%CI; 1284–1372) /100,000 PY respectively. The incidence rate showed a positive trend over 11 years for all age groups and syndromes. VD was the most common syndrome with a crude incidence rate of 1170/100,000 PY. For all syndromes, women aged 20 to 39 were the most affected age group (p < 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, the incidence rate of STIs episodes among women diagnosed with the syndromic approach was high, consistent with the global evidence. Focusing on reviewing STIs surveillance system in low and middle-income countries could allow the achievement of the ending of STIs epidemics by 2030.

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Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women Participating in a Biomedical Intervention Trial in Durban: Prevalence, Coinfections, and Risk Factors

Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

10.1155/2013/358402 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nathlee Samantha Abbai ◽

Handan Wand ◽

Gita Ramjee

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Young Women ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Treponema Pallidum ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sti Prevention ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Biomedical Intervention

Background. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a significant public health problem especially among women of reproductive age in Africa. Methods. A total of 2236 women that had enrolled in the MDP301 vaginal microbicide trial were tested for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), Treponema pallidum, and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). Results. CT was identified as the most prevalent STI (11%) followed by TV (10%), NG, and Syphilis (3%). The highest prevalence of coinfection was reported between T. pallidum and TV (19.67%, P=0.004), followed by CT and TV (13.52%, P≤0.001). Risk factors that were significantly associated with STI acquisition were women of 23 years of age or younger (HR: 1.50, 95% CI 1.17, 1.93), baseline STI with CT (HR: 1.77, 95% CI 1.32, 2.35), TV (HR: 1.58, 95% CI, 1.20, 2.10), and T. pallidum (HR: 5.13, 95% CI 3.65, 7.22), and a low education level (HR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.02, 1.66). Conclusion. Young women with lower education and a history of STIs are at high risk of multiple STIs. Prevention programs should consider target approach to STI prevention among young women. This trial is registered with ISRCTN64716212.

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Syndromic Management of Female Sexually Transmitted Infections at Primary Care Level in Tunisia (Monastir 2007-2017)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55572/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

wafa Dhouib ◽

Imen Zemni ◽

Meriem Kacem ◽

Cyrine Bennasrallah ◽

Manel Ben Fredj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

North Africa ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

World Health ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

The World

Abstract Background: In the world as in North Africa,Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a public health problem especiallyfor reproductive-age women.Since the quantification of the prevalence of STIs is important for the planning of interventions and the promotion of resources, it is necessary to have current data to evaluate the situation in the Maghreb and to give the answer as to the possibility of reaching the desired WHO goal of ending STIs epidemics as a public health concerns by 2030.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trend of STIs during 11 yearsin Tunisia (2007-17).Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study including all women with STIs diagnosed with the syndromic approach in all basic health care centers of the Governorate of Monastir (Tunisia) from 2007 to 2017.Syndromes included, Pelvic Pain (PP),Vaginal Discharge (VD)and Genital Ulceration (GU). Results: We analyzed 40388 cases of genital infection with a crude prevalence rate and age standardized prevalence rate of13.93/ 1000 inh and 72.38/ 1000 respectively.The prevalence rate was relatively high and showed a positive trend over 11 years for all age groups and syndromes. VD was the most common syndrome with a CPR of 11.7/1000. For all syndromes, women of childbearing age(20 to 39 years) were the most affected age group(p <0.05). Conclusion:Our results were consistent with the global evidence, suggesting a focus on primary prevention reinforcement and STIs surveillance system improving in North Africa countries to achieve the World health organization goalof ending STIs epidemics by 2030.

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Use of Protection for Unwanted Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Six Birth Cohorts in Norway 2020: A Descriptive Study

Sexuality & Culture ◽

10.1007/s12119-021-09879-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bente Træen ◽

Nantje Fischer

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Emergency Contraception ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Hormonal Contraception ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Panel Survey ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Significant Drop ◽

Sexually Transmitted

AbstractThis study describes the use of contraception and protection for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in six different birth cohorts of the general population in Norway. The results are based on a 2020 national web panel survey among 18–89 year-olds in Norway (n = 4160). For respondents born within 1931–1950 versus those born within 1990–2002, there was a significant increase in the use of protection against unwanted pregnancy and STIs during sexual intercourse, and a significant drop in the proportion of those who did not use any protection at all. More women today (than in previous decades) are using hormonal contraception. The main reason for not using condoms during intercourse was both parties felt safe that they were healthy, especially those born within 1990–2002. To prevent unwanted pregnancy and STIs, it is beneficial to continue to increase the availability of free or subsidized hormonal contraception, including emergency contraception, and free condoms in public arenas that people frequent and where they meet their partners.

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Estimating the cost and effectiveness of different STI management strategies for sex workers in Madagascar

10.31899/hiv2002.1002 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Sex Workers ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Management Practices ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Medical Visits ◽

Syndromic Approach ◽

The Cost

In Madagascar, the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a serious public health problem, particularly among sex workers. A Horizons study conducted in 2000 found approximately two-thirds of female sex workers had an STI, although few were infected with HIV. Since the link between STIs and transmission of HIV has been well established, affordable strategies to manage STIs among sex workers need to be developed. Study investigators also assessed STI management practices in health facilities in two urban areas of Madagascar. Health practitioners were using a syndromic approach, which may be appropriate for managing certain STIs in the general population but is less appropriate for sex workers who may have multiple, often asymptomatic infections. Diagnosing STIs with laboratory tests would make medical visits prohibitively expensive. Researchers developed a risk profile for various STIs based on characteristics of women that present with each STI, such as age, number of partners, symptoms. The investigators hypothesized that a risk assessment tool using these profiles would result in more appropriate and effective STI treatment for sex workers. This summary presents a cost-effectiveness analysis of different strategies to manage STIs among sex workers in Madagascar.

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Prevalence of Reproductive Tract Infections/Sexually Transmitted Infections among Rural Married Women – A Community Based Study Using Syndromic Approach

Healthline ◽

10.51957/healthline_156_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 72-81

Author(s):

Anita Punia ◽

Jyoti Yadav ◽

Babita ◽

Sanjay Kumar Jha ◽

Sanjeet Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Tract Infections ◽

Community Based ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Syndromic Approach ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) and Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a major public health problem and affecting women's health. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of RTIs/STIs among married women aged 18-49 years in rural areas and to determine the factors associated with these conditions. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 308 eligible married women aged 18-49 years in rural areas in District Sonipat, Haryana using the WHO-Syndromic Approach for diagnosis of RTIs/STIs. Results: The mean age of study subjects in our study was 32.1 years (SD = ± 8.3 years) with a range from 18 to 49 years. The overall RTIs/STIs prevalence was 49.3%. The most frequent symptom was vaginal discharge (55.3%) followed by pain during micturition (34.2%), dyspareunia (26.9%), pain lower abdomen (24.3%) and vulval itching (16.4%). RTI/STI symptoms were found significantly more among women who had history of any chronic disease, who had irregular menstrual cycles, used cloths as sanitary pads and among those whose husbands were substance users. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence (49.3%) of RTIs/STIs. Awareness about symptoms of RTIs, menstrual and personnel hygiene, raising literacy level of women, drive against use of addictive substances etc. by husbands is needed for control and prevention of RTIs. Primary health care services in respect of reproductive health should be strengthened and raising awareness among women about reproductive health issues through suitable communication strategies in order to bring about a positive behavior change for effective control of STIs.

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KNOWLEDGE OF NURSES ON SYNDROMIC MANAGEMENT OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN PUBLIC FACILITIES

Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing ◽

10.47604/jhmn.1161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Maina Eva Mumbi ◽

Mwangi John Hiuhu ◽

Njuguna Felix Tharao ◽

Maingi Nancy Nyambura

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Data Collection ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Data Collection Tool ◽

Syndromic Management ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Public Health Facilities ◽

Syndromic Approach

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge of nurses on syndromic management of STIs in public health facilities within Kirinyaga west Sub County. Methodology: The study utilized descriptive cross-sectional study design, with a target population of 70 nurses working in 16 Kirinyaga west public health facilities. The dependent variable was applying syndromic approach management of sexually transmitted infections, independent variables as knowledge and practices. The study utilized purposive sampling technique to determine the sample size of 49 nurses. The study employed the use of a questionnaire as a data collection tool and check list. A pretest of the data collection tool was conducted at Karatina sub county hospital MCH/FP Findings The study findings showed that 90% of the respondents had general knowledge of what syndromic approach is though 38% were not able to identify the common STIs syndromes and 39% couldn’t correctly identify the STIs that present a genital ulcer. 45% depended on laboratory investigations to diagnose and manage STIs, while 74% had not undergone any training or CME in the last 2 years on syndromic management of STIs and 96%reported that the health facilities they were stationed did not have readily available WHO/NASCOP 2015 guidelines. The respondents did not apply the syndromic approach in managing STIs and that, knowledge and practice on syndromic management of STIs among nurses in Kirinyaga west Sub County is low at 41%. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: There is need for more awareness through capacity building among health workers managing sexually transmitted infections in the communities and therefore the study recommends county Governments to organize for trainings and CMEs on STIs/syndromic approach and identify an STIs management focal person in public health facilities.

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Vulnerability and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections among female traders of reproductive age in Enugu, Nigeria

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research ◽

10.4103/2141-9248.126618 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

LC Ikeako ◽

OC Ekwueme ◽

HU Ezegwui ◽

TOC Okeke

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sexually Transmitted

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Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections at a tertiary hospital in Tamil Nadu

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173487 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 3573

Author(s):

Durga K. ◽

Karthika K.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Good Evidence ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Asymptomatic Group ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Sexually Transmitted

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present a huge burden of disease and adversely affect the reproductive health of people. The disease prevalence is about 6% in India. This study is done to determine the prevalence of STIs in women of reproductive age (15-49yrs) attending gynaec outpatient block at Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chennai and to identify the risk factors.Methods: It is a prospective analytical study conducted at IOG from Febraury 2010 to January 2011 where 1000 women of reproductive age attending gynec op were included of which 500 women were asymptomatic and 500 women were symptomatic for STIs. A well-structured proforma was prepared for selection of women, history, examination, investigations and treatment. Asymptomatic women were also screened and treated. Partners were also screened and treated. Depending upon the statistical data, the risk factors were identified and analysed.Results: Overall prevalence of STI was 27.2% of which 22.5% was in symptomatic group and 4.7% in asymptomatic group. Bacterial vaginosis was the commonest STI. The important risk factors identified were age group between 26-30 years, high risk sexual behaviours, poor socioeconomic factors, poor menstrual hygiene and lack of contraception.Conclusions: STIs cause major health problem and it is important to diagnose and treat them at the earliest. The importance of STIs has been more widely recognised since the advent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and there is good evidence that their control can reduce HIV transmission. Women diagnosed with one STI should be screened for other STI due to coexistant infections. Screening and treatment of partners and follow-up tests of cure should be performed wherever possible.

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