scholarly journals “Deadly”, “fierce”, “shameful”: notions of antiretroviral therapy, stigma and masculinities intersecting men’s life-course in Blantyre, Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Berner-Rodoreda ◽  
Esther Ngwira ◽  
Yussif Alhassan ◽  
Boniface Chione ◽  
Rosalia Dambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Hiv Interventions ◽  
Anticipated Stigma ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background Stigma and masculinity represent persistent barriers in delivering successful HIV interventions to men. Our study examined community perceptions of HIV and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and their implications for men on ART across the life course in Blantyre, Malawi. Methods Our qualitative study is based on 72 face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Participants were selected purposively and included men on ART (with suppressed and unsuppressed viral loads), adult male community members irrespective of HIV status and other HIV stakeholders such as health personnel and program implementers. Interviews were conducted in Chichewa and English, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically in NVivo 12. We applied the socio-ecological model as our theoretical framework as well as a “life-course” perspective. Results Our findings highlight lingering negative perceptions towards ART in general and towards PLHIV irrespective of viral load suppression. With intersecting notions of masculinity and stigma, men’s descriptions of anticipated stigma in their relationships and when visiting health facilities dominated. Stigma was experienced at the personal, interpersonal, facility and community level. Yet, men living with HIV were perceived differently throughout the life-course, with young sexually active men seen as the most stigmatized group and older men seen as drawing resilience from a greater range of masculine norms. Some men of all ages displayed “transformative” masculinities independent of stigma and community expectations. Conclusions We propose the “life-course” as a useful concept for studies on masculinity, HIV and stigma. Considering gendered constructions of “respectable” midlife-older age vis-à-vis younger age, and how they influence stigma as well as uptake and adherence to ART might lead to more targeted services for men that build on “transformative masculinities”.

scholarly journals ”Man får hjälp då man behöver” - äldre närståendevårdtagares vårdval ur ett livsloppsperspektiv

Gerontologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Sarah Åkerman ◽  
Fredrica Nyqvist ◽  
Mikael Nygård
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

Den demografiska utvecklingen leder till omorganiseringar inom den finländska äldreomsorgen. Privatisering, marknadisering och närståendevård ökar med konsekvenser för vårdbehövande och deras anhöriga. Temat för den här artikeln är närståendevård. Tidigare forskning har fokuserat i större utsträckning på vårdarna, trots att också vårdtagaren är en aktiv part i vården. Enligt livsloppsperspektivet ses åldrande som en livslång process. En individs livslopp påverkas av de begränsningar och möjligheter som styr hennes val och handlingar i en specifik historisk och social kontext. I den här studien har sju vårdtagare intervjuats med kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Syftet var att studera äldre närståendevårdtagares vårdval ur ett livsloppsperspektiv. Studiens frågeställningar var: hur kan bakgrunden till närståendevårdtagarnas vårdval förstås ur ett livsloppsperspektiv? Vad har vårdtagarna för tankar om framtiden? Resultaten visade att valet av närståendevård påverkades av den personliga bakgrunden och relationen till närståendevårdaren, men även av delvis negativa attityder till formell äldreomsorg. Vårdtagarna oroade sig för framtida vårdarrangemang. ”You receive help when you need it” – older informal care recipients’ care choice from a life course perspective Demographic development leads to increasing privatization, marketization and informal care in Finnish eldercare. The theme for this study is informal care. Previous research has focused on caregivers, even though the recipient is also an active part in care. According to the life course perspective, ageing is a lifelong process that takes place in a historical and social context. Seven older informal care recipients have been interviewed using qualitative semi-structured interviews. The aim was to study older informal care recipients’ care choice from a life course perspective. The research questions were: how can the background of the recipients’ care choice be understood from a life course perspective? What are the recipients’ thoughts on the future? The results showed that the care recipients’ choice was affected by personal reasons and the relationship with the caregiver, but also by partly negative attitudes towards formal eldercare. The care recipients worried about future arrangements.

scholarly journals New Perspectives on Loneliness: From Micro Qualitative to Macro Quantitative Cross-National Comparisons

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 609-609
Author(s):  
Marja Aartsen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Longitudinal research revealed a number of micro-level drivers of loneliness, such as widowhood, exclusion from the wider society, ill health and migrant status, but a number of questions are still unanswered. For example, the prevalence of loneliness varies substantially across countries, but we do not know precisely what causes these differences. It may be due to differences in the composition of the populations, it may also be caused by macro-level drivers, or by variations in the impact of risk factors between countries. For example, losing a spouse may be loneliness provoking in countries where living with a partner is the norm, but less so in countries where living alone is more valued. Also how early childhood and events over the life course affect the level of loneliness in later life is still under-researched. The aim of our symposium is to address this gap by presenting different perspectives on loneliness and social isolation. The first presenter interprets five-year follow-up information from qualitative interviews with a life course perspective. The second investigates the role of trust as factor producing social integration, which leads to variations in loneliness. The third compares and discusses loneliness in three different continents, based on an ecological model of contexts. The forth presenter critically discusses ways to measure loneliness in societies that are culturally distinct from western cultures. The last presenter discusses the dynamics between loneliness and material deprivation in Europe. The findings provide a new lens through which we can understand loneliness and inform about effective prevention.

scholarly journals A Life Course Perspective on Growing Older With Cerebral Palsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 104973232097124
Author(s):  
Amanda Carroll ◽  
Dara Chan ◽  
Deborah Thorpe ◽  
Ilana Levin ◽  
Nancy Bagatell
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
The Life Course

Despite most children with cerebral palsy (CP) now living within typical life spans, little is known about how the effects of CP unfold across the life course and impact participation in everyday life during adulthood. In this study, we explored the experiences of 38 adults growing older with CP. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews focused on participants’ engagement in activities in their community and analyzed using a life course perspective to deepen our understanding of the experiences of our participants. We found that individual agency, family and social contexts, as well as larger sociocultural contexts all shaped participants’ experiences as they grew older. The findings highlight the usefulness of the life course perspective for understanding how the effects of a diagnosis of CP unfold over time. Further use of this perspective can better inform health care services to meet the needs of adults with CP aging with a lifelong disability.

scholarly journals Joint Family and Work Trajectories and Multidimensional Wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Comolli ◽  
L. Bernardi ◽  
M. Voorpostel
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
Family And Work ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Family Trajectories

AbstractInformed by the life course perspective, this paper investigates whether and how employment and family trajectories are jointly associated with subjective, relational and financial wellbeing later in life. We draw on data from the Swiss Household Panel which combines biographical retrospective information on work, partnership and childbearing trajectories with 19 annual waves containing a number of wellbeing indicators as well as detailed socio-demographic and social origin information. We use sequence analysis to identify the main family and work trajectories for men and women aged 20–50 years old. We use OLS regression models to assess the association between those trajectories and their interdependency with wellbeing. Results reveal a joint association between work and family trajectories and wellbeing at older age, even net of social origin and pre-trajectory resources. For women, but not for men, the association is also not fully explained by proximate (current family and work status) determinants of wellbeing. Women’s stable full-time employment combined with traditional family trajectories yields a subjective wellbeing premium, whereas childlessness and absence of a stable partnership over the life course is associated with lower levels of financial and subjective wellbeing after 50 especially in combination with a trajectory of weak labour market involvement. Relational wellbeing is not associated with employment trajectories, and only weakly linked to family trajectories among men.

scholarly journals Persistent short-term imprisonment: Belonging as a lens to understand its shifting meanings over the life course

Incarceration ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 263266632198901
Author(s):  
Marguerite Schinkel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Looking Back

This article takes a life-course perspective to the meaning of persistent short-term imprisonment and introduces the significance of ‘penal careers’. Examining a total of 62 interviews with men and women in Scotland with long careers of (progression through) criminal punishment, it uses to the concept of belonging as a lens to interpret their experiences. While some participants already felt early on in their career that they belonged in prison because of their shared characteristics with other prisoners, the repetition of imprisonment meant that they increasingly felt displaced from life outside and saw life in prison as ‘easier’ and ‘safer’. Nevertheless, looking back on their many sentences, they felt their cumulative meaning was ‘a waste of life’. The article concludes by considering steps towards tackling the conditions that create this sense of belonging in a place of punishment.

scholarly journals Sex difference in travel is concentrated in adolescence and tracks reproductive interests

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1796) ◽  
pp. 20141476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Miner ◽  
Michael Gurven ◽  
Hillard Kaplan ◽  
Steven J. C. Gaulin
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sexual Competition ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Market Town ◽  
Sexual Selection Theory ◽  
Women's Travel ◽  
The Life Course

Sexual selection theory suggests that the sex with a higher potential reproductive rate will compete more strongly for access to mates. Stronger intra-sexual competition for mates may explain why males travel more extensively than females in many terrestrial vertebrates. A male-bias in lifetime distance travelled is a purported human universal, although this claim is based primarily on anecdotes. Following sexual maturity, motivation to travel outside the natal territory may vary over the life course for both sexes. Here, we test whether travel behaviour among Tsimane forager–horticulturalists is associated with shifting reproductive priorities across the lifespan. Using structured interviews, we find that sex differences in travel peak during adolescence when men and women are most intensively searching for mates. Among married adults, we find that greater offspring dependency load is associated with reduced travel among women, but not men. Married men are more likely to travel alone than women, but only to the nearest market town and not to other Tsimane villages. We conclude that men's and women's travel behaviour reflects differential gains from mate search and parenting across the life course.

scholarly journals Older African Americans’ Perspectives on Exposure to Structural Discrimination Across Contexts and the Life Course

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 689-689
Author(s):  
Sarah LaFave ◽  
Sarah Szanton ◽  
Roland Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Older African Americans ◽  
Environmental Toxin ◽  
Development Of Instrument ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Interpersonal Level

Abstract This presentation reports on findings from the first phase of a mixed methods study aimed at developing an instrument to assess older African Americans’ exposure to structural racial discrimination. We conducted semi-structured interviews with older African Americans about their perspectives on and exposure to structural discrimination. Participants (n=20) were community-dwelling African Americans aged fifty and older in Baltimore, MD. Participants described exposure to structural discrimination that had accumulated across the life course and across the contexts of education, employment, healthcare services, criminal justice system, neighborhood factors, media and marketing of unhealthy products, environmental toxin exposures, and income, credit and wealth. In the next phase of the study, we will incorporate these findings into the development of instrument items. Developing and testing a tool to assess exposure to discrimination beyond the interpersonal level is an important step in identifying solutions to mitigate the contribute of discrimination to racial health disparities.

Foster Care in a Life Course Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 692 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Fred Wulczyn
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Foster Children ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Policy Priority ◽  
The Life Course

To understand what placement outside of one’s home means to the young people involved, we must understand foster care from a life course perspective. I analyze young people’s experiences in foster care from this perspective, accounting for when foster care happens, how long it lasts, and what happens when foster care placements end. I show that the population of children coming into foster care is younger and less urban than it was 20 years ago. I also show reliable measures of exposure to foster care over the life course. Children who enter care early in life are the children who spend the largest proportion of their childhood in foster care—a fact that rarely weighs on the policymaking process. We know very little about state and local variation in foster care placement rates, not to mention the influence of social services, the courts, foster parents, and caseworkers over foster children, so I close by arguing investment in research should be a clear policy priority.

scholarly journals SUITABLE? THE RHETORICAL AND LIFE COURSE IMPLICATIONS OF SERENA WILLIAMS AND THE CATSUIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S537-S537
Author(s):  
Brianne M Stanback
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Life Course ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Los Angeles Times ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Sports Illustrated ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Rhetorical inquires have shown connections between representation and power, workplace fashion and development of ethos, and the rhetoric of glamour through women’s fashion and dress. One element absent from that conversation is how the life course, which typically differs for women because of existing power structures advantaging men, may impact the experience of women as they age, their choice of dress, and the rhetorical implications of those decisions. To explore dress and rhetoric from a life course perspective, this project traces the evolution of Serena Williams’ work apparel across her professional tennis career to the catsuit worn at the 2018 French Open, which is the focus of the project. Press reports on the 2018 catsuit by Nike, New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Business Insider, BBC Sport, Washington Post, and Los Angeles Times, interviews given by Williams, and the television documentary, Becoming Serena, will be analyzed for their treatment of Williams’ work attire and the life course. Responses to the catsuit emphasize attitudes about gender, race, and class, either discounting or ignoring the life course implications such as motherhood and changes in health status. Despite professional success, responses about the catsuit may reflect that Williams faces the same jeopardies, and invisibility, common to many women as they age, and the rhetorical perspective provides new methodological and pedagogical possibilities for instruction in aging.

scholarly journals Development of Violence Across the Lifespan: A Preliminary Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Janneke Van't Klooster
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Rehabilitation Unit ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Pathways Model ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Adult Rehabilitation ◽  
Age Range

<p>Violence has serious implications for both the victim and the wider community. The current adult rehabilitation programmes accept violent offenders ranged from 20 years and older. This age range could have serious rehabilitation consequences, as a twenty year olds violence and violence related goals may differ substantially to a 70 year old. For this reason an understanding of the development of violence and violence related goals can aide rehabilitation and punitive policies. A review of recent research highlights there are many methodological and empirical gaps in the development of violence whereby the current research aimed to assuage this issue. The current research used grounded theory to develop a model on the development of violence over the life-course. For this research twelve men currently incarcerated at Rimutaka Prison in a violence rehabilitation unit were interviewed. This method developed two models. The “Influences on violence development” model outlines how environment and personal choices had an impact on the development of violence. The “development of violence” model outlines the increasing severity and frequency of violence over time, and the increasing complexity of violence related goals. This model is nested within the influences on violence development model. Comparing the current models to Loeber et al's (1993) pathways model, and Sampson and Laub's life-course perspective on offending, has found support for both models. Thus this model's theoretical value lies within its ability to draw together other areas of research and provide a holistic understanding of both how and why violence develops. One implication of these models is the understanding of the varying influences of environment on violence, upon both different individuals and different ages. This implies that rehabilitation should perhaps follow a more individual based focus. There are many limitations to the research, the most salient one being lack of saturation in the model and low sample size.</p>

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