scholarly journals Investigating the prevalence of primary thyroid dysfunction in obese and overweight individuals: Tehran thyroid study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mahdavi ◽  
Atieh Amouzegar ◽  
Ladan Mehran ◽  
Elham Madreseh ◽  
Maryam Tohidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunctions

Abstract Background Due to the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, it is essential to determine the prevalence of obesity-related thyroid dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions, namely hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and their association with BMI among adult Iranian overweight and obese individuals. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out within the framework of the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS); 5353 participants (57.5% female) entered our study. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were assayed. We categorized individuals into 3 BMI groups (normal-weight, overweight and obese), then calculated prevalence rate, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) for outcomes in overweight and obese groups. The normal-weight group was used as the control group. Results We found a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism (11.6% vs 8.2% Total, 4.0% vs 1.1% overt and 7.6% vs 7.1% subclinical, P < 0.001) and TPOAb positivity (17.3% vs 11.6%, P < 0.001) in obese participants compared with normal-weight participants. Hyperthyroidism’s overall prevalence was 4.2, 5.7, and 4.9% in obese, overweight, and normal-weight groups, respectively. Obesity was associated with higher odds of overt hypothyroidism (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.15–3.49, P < 0.05) and TPOAb positivity (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04–1.60, P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding variables. In contrast, no association was observed between the overweight group and the odds of hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity in the adjusted results. Conclusions Obesity was associated with an increased risk of overt hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity.

Cortisol secretion pattern in overweight/obese and normal-weight infants: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Resende Camargos ◽  
Pedro Henrique Scheidt Figueiredo ◽  
Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca ◽  
Mariana Aguiar de Matos ◽  
Katherine Simone Caires Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractBackgroundThe salivary circadian diurnal cortisol plays an important role in growth and development. Inappropriate levels may induce changes associated with an increased risk of obesity later in life. It is unknown if there are differences in cortisol secretion pattern between overweight/obese infants when compared with theirs peers in infancy. Thus, this study aimed to compare the salivary cortisol secretion pattern in overweight/obese and normal-weight infants.MethodsThirty-three (overweight/obese = 17 and normal weight = 16) infants between 6 and 24 months of age had saliva samples collected upon awakening (T1), 30 min after waking (T2), at 12:00 am or before the baby’s meal (T3), and prior to bedtime (T4). Highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays were used for cortisol analyses.ResultsSalivary cortisol levels were similar between the groups: T1 (p = 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.65, 1.37), T2 (p = 0.24; 95% CI: −8.23, 2.17), T3 (p = 0.95; 95% CI: −3.16, 2.96), and T4 (p = 0.81; 95% CI: −1.39, 1.08); and no differences were observed between area under the curve (AUC) (p = 0.80; 95% CI: −4.58–13.66). The cortisol level reduced in T4 (95% CI: 1.35–2.96) compared to T1 (95% CI: 5.15–8.49) and T2 in the overweight/obese group (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 6.02–11.04). In the normal-weight group, the cortisol reduced in T3 (95% CI: 2.86–8.18) compared to T1 (95% CI: 5.64–12.28) and decreased until T4 (p = 0.001; 95% CI: 1.25–3.37).ConclusionsThe overweight/obese infant group presented a different pattern of cortisol secretion, although cortisol levels did not differ between the control group.

Subclinical hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Adam Grice
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Subclinical hypothyroidism is a common condition associated with a raised thyroid-stimulating hormone and a normal serum free thyroxine that affects about 10% of females over 55 years in age. The most common cause is autoimmune thyroid disease, with 2.5% of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism progressing to clinically overt hypothyroidism each year. The rate of progression is higher in patients with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Only a small proportion of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism have symptoms, and although there is some debate in the literature about which patients should be treated, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical knowledge summaries give clear recommendations. There is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism; it is uncertain whether treatment with levothyroxine reduces this risk. When deciding whether to treat subclinical hypothyroidism consider the patient’s age, symptoms, presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and risk factors such as cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Association of serum irisin concentration with thyroid autoantibody positivity and subclinical hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110184
Author(s):  
Zhengyi Chen ◽  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
Nianchun Peng ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibody ◽  
Glucose Levels

Objective This study evaluated the association of serum irisin level with thyroid autoantibody (TAA) positivity and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Methods In this cross-sectional study, 334 participants were assigned to one of the following four age- and sex-matched groups: TAA plus SH (84 patients), isolated TAA (83 patients), isolated SH (83 patients), or healthy controls (84 individuals). Irisin and creatine kinase (CK) were measured in serum samples. Results Patients with TAA plus SH, isolated TAA, and isolated SH had higher irisin levels compared with the controls. There was a significant increase in the irisin level in the TAA plus SH group compared with the control group. Among all participants, the irisin levels were positively associated with thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibody titers and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but negatively associated with waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin levels, and fasting plasma glucose levels. The irisin level was not associated with the thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, or CK levels. Irisin levels were independently associated with TAA, with or without SH, but they were not associated with SH alone. Conclusions Irisin level may help to predict the risk of developing TAA with or without SH.

scholarly journals HDL SUBGROUPS AND THEIR PARAOXONASE-1 ACTIVITY IN THE OBESE, OVERWEIGHT AND NORMAL WEIGHT SUBJECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KÜBRA DOĞAN ◽  
mehmet senes ◽  
ANARA KARACA ◽  
DAMLA KAYALP ◽  
SEYFULLAH KAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Public Health

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity and overweight are significant public health problems due to higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). It is very important to determine new predictive markers to identify the CAD risk in obese and overweight. To this aim, we analyzed HDL-C subclass and their paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in obese, overweight and normal weight subjects. Method: 71 newly diagnosed obese, 40 overweight and 30 healthy subjects as a control group were enrolled the study. Serum lipids levels were determined with enzymatic colorimetric method. PON-1 activities and HDL-3 levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Non-HDL3-C concentrations were calculated with the subtraction of HDL3-C from total HDL-C. Results: The mean serum levels of total HDL-C, HDL3-C, Non-HDL3-C -C and ApoA1 were higher in control group than obese and overweight groups. There were a statistically significant difference between obese and control group in terms of Lp(a), hsCRP and HOMA index. Higher total PON-1, non-HDL3 PON-1 and HDL3 PON-1 activities were found in the control group compared to obese and overweight groups. Total HDL was weakly negative correlated with the HOMA index, BMI and waist circumference. There was a weak negative correlation between non-HDL3-C and waist circumstance. Conclusion: Abnormal HDL-subgroups pattern and decreased PON-1 activities causes increased risk for CVD in obese and overweight individuals. Therefore determination of HDL subgroups and their PON-1 activity improves risk prediction compared with measuring total HDL-C levels and its PON-1 activity alone. Body weight and insulin resistance appear to have a role in the decreased HDL-C levels and PON-1activity in obese.

scholarly journals Fatigue in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Zorica Jovanovic ◽  
Svetlana Miletic-Drakulic ◽  
Gordana Toncev ◽  
Olgica Mihaljevic ◽  
Svetlana Djukic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function

Abstract Fatigue is a common feature in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but fatigue in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to examine fatigue in patients with AITD and to analyse the correlation between fatigue and the serum concentrations of thyroid antibodies, thyroid function and depression. This cross-sectional clinical study included 62 patients with increased concentrations of thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) as confirmation of AITD and 52 healthy individuals who were negative for thyroid antibodies; all controls were euthyroid. Thyroid antibodies, free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured in the sera of all subjects. The Fatigue Severity Scale was used to measure the severity of fatigue; the level of depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Eight (12.9%) patients had evident fatigue, 7 (11.3%) patients had fatigue limit values, and 47 (75.8%) patients had no fatigue. The frequency of fatigue was highly significant and almost three times higher in the AITD patients compared to the control group, in which only 2 (3.8%) patients had evident fatigue. The majority of patients with fatigue had normal thyroid function, and only one (1.6%) patient had overt hypothyroidism. Seven (11.3%) patients had both fatigue and depression, whereas one (1.6%) patient had fatigue without depression. We did not find significant correlations between fatigue and the concentrations of thyroid antibodies, but we found statistically significant correlations between fatigue and depression in AITD patients.

HLA-DR3 and DRw6: prognostic factors for the incidence of hypothyroidism in Graves' disease after radioiodine treatment

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Althaus ◽  
J.J. Staub ◽  
T. M. Neri ◽  
M. Hauenstein ◽  
J. Müller-Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Radioiodine Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract. Several studies demonstrated a relationship between HLA-B8 and -DR3 and the early course of thyroid function after treatment of thyrotoxicosis. However, the association between certain DR antigens and the outcome of thyroid function years after radioiodine treatment for Graves' disease remains unclear. We therefore determined the HLA pattern in 2 groups of female patients with different severity of hypothyroidism. From a total of 45 patients, 27 had developed pre-clinical hypothyroidism (normal serum levels of T4, FT4 and T3, normal or elevated basal TSH levels, but an exaggerated TSH response to TRH, Group A). Mean follow-up was 111 months (range 36–360 months) for this group. Eighteen patients had become overtly hypothyroid (T4 and FT4 levels in the hypothyroid range and an elevated basal TSH concentration, group B) after a mean interval of 51 months (range: 4–132 months) following treatment. Eighty-seven healthy blood donors served a controls. Positive plasma antibody titres (tanned red cell haemagglutination technique) were observed in 67% of all patients with a preponderance in group B (83% versus 56% in group A, n.s.). The whole group of Graves' disease patients showed the antigens B8, DR3 and Drw6 in 37.8%, 33.3% and 35.6%, respectively (P < 0.02, < 0.05, and < 0.04 vs controls). In patients with pre-clinical hypothyroidism there was a significantly increased prevalence of antigen B8 (P < 0.01) and DR3 (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. In contrast, the overt hypothyroid group showed an augmented frequency of HLA-DRw6 (P < 0.04). Antibody positivity was related to the antigens B8 and DR3 (P < 0.005, < 0.03, respectively). Thus, the presence of B8/DR3 represents a genetic pattern possibly protecting against the development of overt hypothyroidism, at least over several years after 131I-treatment. The presence of DRw6 and the absence of DR3 were associated with an increased risk for overt post-irradiation hypothyroidism.

Salivary gland function in women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis without xerostomia and the correlation with auto-thyroid antibodies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-an Pang ◽  
Zhi-xiao Wei ◽  
Jun-hong Li ◽  
Xiao-qi Pang
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibody ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
Salivary Function

Abstract Background Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) may cause salivary dysfunction in patients resulting in xerostomia, but little is known about changes in salivary function in patients with no obvious dry mouth symptoms. In this study we assessed salivary function in women with HT, who had not experienced xerostomia and, for the first time, evaluated the effects of thyroid auto-antibodies on this function. Methods Sixty consecutive subjects were included, comprising 32 women (mean age, 36 ± 12 years) diagnosed with HT accompanied by differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in the study group (HT group), along with a control group (DTC group) of 28 women (mean age, 40 ± 12 years) diagnosed with DTC only. Salivary gland scintigraphy was used to assess salivary function with the semi-quantitative parameters of maximum absorption ratio and maximum secretion ratio, the decrease of which indicate impaired salivary function. Moreover, the HT and DTC groups were divided into four subgroups (Anti– HT, Anti+ HT, Anti– DTC, and Anti+ DTC), based on the presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). Finally, salivary gland semi-quantitative parameters were correlated with levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), TGAb, and TPOAb in the HT and DTC groups. Results None of the semi-quantitative parameters examined in parotid or submandibular glands differed significantly between the HT and DTC groups. However, the maximum secretion ratio for the parotid and submandibular glands were significantly different in the subgroup comparison (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the TgAb, TPOAb, and TSH values correlated significantly with salivary excretive function (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Women with HT without xerostomia may not have salivary functional impairment during hypothyroidism. Serum thyroid autoantibody and TSH levels may mainly influence salivary excretive function but not uptake function.

scholarly journals Validation of the SavvyCheckTM Vaginal Yeast Test for Screening Pregnant Women for Vulvovaginal Candidosis: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Philipp Foessleitner ◽  
Herbert Kiss ◽  
Julia Deinsberger ◽  
Julia Ott ◽  
Lorenz Zierhut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidosis

Pregnant women have an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidosis. Recurrent candidosis is under debate as a contributor to preterm birth, and vertical transmission may cause diaper dermatitis and oral thrush in the newborn. Apart from cultural methods, the gold standard for diagnosing candidosis is Gram staining, which is time-consuming and requires laboratory facilities. The objective of this prospective study was to validate a point-of-care vaginal yeast detection assay (SavvyCheckÔ Vaginal Yeast Test) and to evaluate it in asymptomatic pregnant women. We enrolled 200 participants, 100 of whom had vulvovaginal candidosis according to Gram stain (study group) and 100 were healthy pregnant controls (control group). Of these, 22 participants (11%) had invalid test results. The point-of-care test of the remaining 85 and 93 study participants in the study and control groups, respectively, showed a sensitivity of 94.1%, specificity of 98.9%, positive predictive value of 90.3%, and negative predictive value of 99.4% when compared with Gram stain. In conclusion, we found a high correlation between the SavvyCheckÔ Vaginal Yeast Test and Gram-stained smears during pregnancy. This suggests a potential role of this point-of-care test as a screening tool for asymptomatic pregnant women in early gestation.

scholarly journals TSH Levels as an Independent Risk Factor for NAFLD and Liver Fibrosis in the General Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2907
Author(s):  
Alba Martínez-Escudé ◽  
Guillem Pera ◽  
Anna Costa-Garrido ◽  
Lluís Rodríguez ◽  
Ingrid Arteaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tsh Levels

Thyroid hormones may be a risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to liver fibrosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, NAFLD, and liver fibrosis in the general population. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in subjects aged 18–75 years randomly selected from primary care centers between 2012 and 2016. Each subject underwent clinical evaluation, physical examination, blood tests and transient elastography. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with NAFLD and fibrosis. We included 2452 subjects (54 ± 12 years; 61% female). Subjects with TSH ≥ 2.5 μIU/mL were significantly associated with obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertransaminasemia and altered cholesterol and triglycerides. The prevalence of NAFLD and liver fibrosis was significantly higher in subjects with TSH ≥ 2.5 (μIU/mL). We found a 1.5 times increased risk of NAFLD, 1.8 and 2.3 times increased risk of liver fibrosis for cut-off points of ≥ 8.0 kPa and ≥ 9.2 kPa, respectively, in subjects with TSH ≥ 2.5 μIU/mL compared with TSH < 2.5 μIU/mL (control group), independent of the presence of MetS. These findings remained significant when stratifying TSH, with values ≥ 10 μIU/mL.

scholarly journals Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on serum levels of sclerostin, Dickkopf-1, and osteoprotegerin: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Wang ◽  
Nishi Karunasinghe ◽  
Lindsay D. Plank ◽  
Shuotun Zhu ◽  
Sue Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Dickkopf 1

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) for men with prostate cancer (PCa) results in accelerated bone loss and increased risk of bone fracture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum bone markers—sclerostin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), in a cohort of 88 PCa patients without known bone metastases, managed with and without ADT, and to analyse their relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) and sex steroids. The cross-sectional analysis between acute-, chronic- and former-ADT groups and PCa controls showed that sclerostin and OPG levels significantly differed between them (p = 0.029 and p = 0.032). Groups contributing to these significant changes were recorded. There were no significant differences in serum DKK-1 levels across the four groups (p = 0.683). In the longitudinal analysis, significant % decreases within groups were seen for DKK-1 [chronic-ADT (− 10.06%, p = 0.0057), former-ADT (− 12.77%, p = 0.0239), and in PCa controls group (− 16.73, p = 0.0022); and OPG levels in chronic ADT (− 8.28%, p = 0.003) and PCa controls group (− 12.82%, p = 0.017)]. However, % changes in sclerostin, DKK-1, and OPG did not differ significantly over 6-months across the evaluated groups. Sclerostin levels showed significant positive correlations with BMD at baseline in the ADT group, while in PCa controls this correlation existed at both baseline and 6-month time points. Sclerostin correlated negatively with testosterone in former ADT users and in PCa controls. Possible prognostic features denoted by parallel increases in sclerostin and BMD are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document