Survival of endodontically treated permanent teeth among children: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Outcome studies of nonsurgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) in permanent teeth of children are scarce. This study investigated survival and assessed the variables associated with failure of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) in 6- to 18-year-olds. Methods Records of subjects who received NSRCT at age 6–18 years at Boston University between 2007 and 2015 were assessed for the occurrence of untoward events. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to investigate the survival of ETT in the total sample. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results The analysis included 341 patients (424 ETT). Kaplan–Meier survival curves differed according to age at treatment (log-rank P = 0.026), with survival being the lowest among the youngest age group. The estimated 5-year survival probability was 80% for 15- to 18-year-olds, 64.8% for 12- to 14-year-olds and 46.4% for 6- to 11-year-olds. Compared to age at treatment of 15–18 years, age at treatment of 6–11 years (aHR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.02–4.67) and 12–14 years (aHR: 2.02, 95% CI 1.15–3.55) was associated with an increased risk of ETT failure. In the total study sample, the estimated cumulative survival probability was 93.3% at 12 months, 88.0% at 24 months, 76.2% at 36 months, 71.0% at 48 months, and 69.1% at 60 months. Conclusions In children, ETT are more likely to survive when NSRCTs are performed at an older age.

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Prognostic Potential of Liver Enzymes in Patients With COVID-19 at the Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.636999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Zeming Liu ◽

Di Hu ◽

Jinpeng Li ◽

Qing Xia ◽

Yan Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Survival Curves ◽

Severity Of Disease ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Disease Mortality

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic. We hypothesized that biochemical indicators of liver function may help determine the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.MethodsPatient information was collected from the Wuhan-Leishenshan hospital. Logistic and Cox regression analyses, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Curve fitting were used to determine the correlation between elevated levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and AST/ALT and severity of disease/mortality.ResultsLogistic and Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that COVID-19 progression correlated with elevated levels of AST and AST/ALT. The odds ratios for elevated levels of AST and AST/ALT in patients were 0.818 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.274-2.441, P = 0.035) and 2.055 (95% CI: 1.269-3.327, P = 0.003), respectively; the hazard ratios were 4.195 (95% CI: 1.219-14.422, P = 0.023) and 3.348 (95% CI: 1.57-7.139, P = 0.002), respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with elevated AST and AST/ALT levels had a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19.ConclusionElevated AST and AST/ALT levels correlated with severity of COVID-19 and mortality. Liver function tests may help clinicians in determining the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment for COVID-19.

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Estimating hazard ratios from published Kaplan‐Meier survival curves: A methods validation study

Research Synthesis Methods ◽

10.1002/jrsm.1362 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 465-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ronak Saluja ◽

Sierra Cheng ◽

Keemo Althea Santos ◽

Kelvin K.W. Chan

Keyword(s):

Validation Study ◽

Survival Curves ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios

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Increased Risk of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9093005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 3005

Author(s):

Soo-Hwan Byun ◽

Chanyang Min ◽

Hyo-Geun Choi ◽

Seok-Jin Hong

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Population Data ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Joint Disorder

We evaluated the incidence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and examined the association between TMD and RA, through longitudinal follow-up. Population data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2015 was used. From 514,866 subjects, 3122 with RA were matched with 12,488 controls in a 1:4 ratio. The crude and adjusted models (for obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores) were calculated. Chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis, and two-tailed analyses were used for statistical analysis. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for TMD in the RA group, compared to those in the control group. The adjusted HR for TMD in RA was 2.52 (95% CI = 1.70–3.74), compared to the control group. The results were consistent with the subgroup analyses, according to age and sex, except in men older than 60 years of age. KM analysis showed similar results. Hence, we found that patients with RA have a higher risk of TMD, and should be observed for symptoms of the initial stage of TMD to prevent the risk of aggravation.

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P6476Surgery does not appear to improve survival in patients with endocarditis and substance use disorder

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.1067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

H Abdollah ◽

S B Brogly ◽

D Payne ◽

K Lajkosz ◽

N S Coverdale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Early Death ◽

Population Based ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Term Survival ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

One Year

Abstract Background Cohort studies of surgery compared with medical treatment (MT) on endocarditis mortality are conflicting. We conducted a population-based study to estimate associations between treatment and mortality. Methods 1,381 patients with substance use disorder (SUD) and 5,053 without (NSUD) hospitalized for endocarditis were included. Treatment was modeled as a time-dependent variable: patients who underwent surgery after admission were classified as MT until surgery occurred and surgically treated thereafter. Patients without surgery were classified as MT. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) between treatment and death (in-hospital, 30 days, one, two, five years) by SUD status were estimated. Results Among SUD patients, there was a trend towards reduction in in-hospital death with surgery vs. MT (aHR 0.61 [95% CI: 0.35–1.04]), but no difference at 30 days (aHR 0.79 [95% CI: 0.42–1.48]). Mortality was higher in SUD patients who underwent surgery compared with MT at one (aHR 1.30 [95% CI: 0.95–1.76]), two (aHR 1.27 [95% CI: 0.97–1.65]), and five years (aHR 1.37 [95% CI: 1.09–1.72]). In NSUD patients, in-hospital mortality (aHR 0.93 [95% CI 0.76–1.16]) did not differ, but 30 day mortality (aHR 1.36 [95% CI 1.04–1.77]) was higher with surgery versus MT, and lower at one (aHR 0.87 [95% CI: 0.73–1.03]), two (aHR 0.75 [95% CI: 0.64–0.88]), and five years (aHR 0.70 [95% CI: 0.61–0.81]). Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves of Patients Interpretation Surgery compared with MT conferred no long-term survival benefit in SUD patients. In NSUD patients, surgery was associated with an initial increased risk of early death followed by a lower risk after one year. Acknowledgement/Funding Grant from Department of Surgery, Queen's University

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Racial Disparities in Delivery Gestational Age among Twin Pregnancies

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1603764 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (11) ◽

pp. 1065-1071

Author(s):

Catherine Vladutiu ◽

Tracy Manuck ◽

Jacqueline Grant

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate

Objective This study aims to estimate the association between maternal race and delivery gestational age among women with twin gestations. Study Design Secondary analysis of a prospective, randomized control trial of 17-α hydroxyprogesterone caproate versus placebo for preterm birth (PTB) prevention in twin gestations. Non-Hispanic (NH) black and whites were included. Demographic and antenatal characteristics were compared. The primary outcome was delivery gestational age. Secondary outcomes included a composite of major neonatal morbidity. Kaplan–Meier curves estimated survival probabilities for delivery gestational age by race. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 535 women with twin gestations were included; 150 were NH black. NH blacks delivered earlier than NH whites (33.6 ± 4.8 weeks vs. 35.1 ± 3.5 weeks, p < 0.001). Differences in delivery gestational age between NH blacks and whites were consistent across gestation. In adjusted analyses, NH black race (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02–1.51), prior PTB (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.15–2.19), and cerclage (HR: 3.90, 95% CI: 2.00–7.60) were associated with an increased risk of earlier delivery. Major neonatal morbidity was higher for NH blacks compared with NH whites (12.7 vs. 7.0%, p = 0.036). Conclusion NH blacks with twin gestations have an increased risk of early delivery and neonatal morbidity compared with NH whites.

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Gout Augments the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Psoriasis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.703119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhiyong Chen ◽

Yiwen Xu ◽

Miao Chen ◽

Ran Cui ◽

Yu-Hsun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Propensity Score Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Research Database ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Score Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Traditional Risk Factors ◽

And Gender

ObjectivePatients with psoriasis (PsO) have a high frequency of concomitant gout and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to estimate the synergistic impact of gout on the risk of CVD in patients with PsO.MethodsA population-based cohort of patients registered in the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 2000 and 2013 was stratified according to the presence of PsO and gout. Propensity score analysis was used to match age and gender at a ratio of 1:4. Cox proportional hazard models and subgroup analyses were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD adjusted for traditional risk factors. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to plot the cumulative incidence curves.ResultsPatients with combined PsO and gout (n = 97), PsO alone (n = 388), gout alone (matched, n = 388) and matched controls (n = 388) were identified. Compared with the patients with PsO alone, the patients with combined PsO and gout had a significantly higher risk of CVD (relative risk 2.39, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.65). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, the risk of CVD was higher in patients with gout alone (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.54 to 3.04) and in patients with combined PsO and gout (HR 2.72, 95% CI 1.73 to 4.28).ConclusionsGout augments the risk of CVD independently of traditional risk factors in patients with PsO.

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Association of polymorphisms in androgen production, uptake, and conversion chain (APUC) genes with mortality of prostate cancer patients.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.5528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 5528-5528

Author(s):

Sean Thomas McSweeney ◽

Anna Prizment ◽

Nathan Pankratz ◽

Corinne E Joshu ◽

Elizabeth A. Platz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proportional Hazards ◽

Snp Array ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Gain Of Function ◽

Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Aric Study

5528 Background: Genes involved in APUC may affect prognosis in PC. We tested the association of four SNPs involved in the APUC pathway: hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta-and steroid delta-isomerase 1 ( HSD3B1), 5α reductase enzyme ( SRD5A), and solute carrier organic ion ( SLCO2B1) with all-cause and PC mortality 596 in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Methods: Between 1987 & 2015 596 men were diagnosed with PC. Median age at diagnosis was 70 (range 53-86) years; 21% of all PC patients were African American. After diagnosis, follow-up was median 8.4 years (max 26.7 years) until PrC death (N = 60), death from any cause (N = 253), or end of 2015. SNPs were genotyped using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and imputed to the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 reference panel. To examine survival, we used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for age, field center, stage and grade at diagnosis. We also controlled for confounding by ancestry by adjusting for genetic principal components. The analyses were conducted in all PrCa patients and in Whites PrCa patients only. Polymorphisms tested included rs1047303 (A = > C, also called 1245C); rs523349 (C = > G); and rs1789693 (A = > T) and rs12422149 (G = > A), located in the aforementioned genes. Results: The A allele for SLCO2B1 rs1789693 (A = > T) was significantly associated with an increased risk of PC mortality (versus T): multivariable-adjusted HRs (95%CI) were (2.06, 1.14-3.74; p = 0.02) and all-cause mortality (1.29, 1.00-1.66; p = 0.05) among Whites. The associations were similar when Whites and African-Americans were combined and when accounting for ancestry. The C allele for HSD3B1 rs1047303 (C = > A) was not statistically significantly associated with either PC or all-cause mortality in the whole cohort (which included localized disease), although HRs were increased for men diagnosed with stage 4 disease (n = 35) in both additive and dominant models. For carriers of the C allele (gain of function) versus AA, HRs were 5.32 (1.16-24.33; p = 0.03) and 6.13 (1.51-24.86; p = 0.01) for PC and all-cause mortality, respectively. All associations with SRDA2 (rs12422149) and SLCO2B1 (rs12422149) were not significant. Conclusions: The gain of function allele in HSD3B1 rs1047303 (1245C) was associated with increased PC and all-cause mortality in men diagnosed with metastatic PC, paralleling prior findings. Associations with SLCO2B1 SNP rs1789693 require validation in larger studies.

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Influence of the combination of patient age and deep venous drainage on brain arteriovenous malformation recurrence after surgery

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2012.8.jns12351 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 117 (5) ◽

pp. 934-941 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Michael Kerin Morgan ◽

Nirav J. Patel ◽

Mary Simons ◽

Elizabeth Anne Ritson ◽

Gillian Z. Heller

Keyword(s):

Cox Regression ◽

Case Reports ◽

Young Patients ◽

Case Series ◽

Venous Drainage ◽

Age Group ◽

Risk Of Recurrence ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Initial Surgery ◽

Increased Risk

Object Case reports suggest that young age is a critical factor in determining recurrence of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) after surgery. However, other factors that may contribute to the increased risk of recurrence have not been considered. In this study, the authors' goal was to ascertain the risk and risk factors of recurrence after resection of AVMs of the brain. Methods A consecutive case series (prospectively collected data) of 600 cases of resection of brain AVMs was retrospectively analyzed. Radiological evidence of recurrence or nonrecurrence, as well as clinical evidence of recurrence, could be established in 427 of these cases that underwent follow-up for more than 350 days after initial surgery. These cases were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression with respect to age and the presence of deep venous drainage. Results Nine recurrent AVMs were found in 8 patients. By analysis of the Kaplan-Meier curves, the 10-year recurrence rate was 14% for those with deep venous drainage, compared with 4% for those without deep venous drainage. Stratifying by age, in the 0- to 20-year age group, the 10-year recurrence rates were 63% and 13% for those with and without deep venous drainage, respectively. In the 20- to 39-year age group, the rates were 5% and 0% respectively, and in the 40-year and older age group they were 0% and 3%, respectively. The hazard ratio for deep venous drainage, adjusted for age, was 5.97 (95% CI 1.20–29.69, p = 0.029). Conclusions The risk of recurrence after AVM resection is significant for young patients with deep venous drainage.

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COVID-19 related mortality in older adults: analysis of the first wave in Colombia and Mexico

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública ◽

10.26633/rpsp.2021.109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda ◽

Santiago Campos-Fajardo ◽

Carlos Cano-Gutierrez

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Potential Benefit ◽

Open Data ◽

Data Sets ◽

Survival Curves ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Related Mortality

Objective. The aim of this study is to describe the mortality among older adults in the first wave of COVID-19 in Colombia and Mexico. Methods. This is an observational, prospective study on data obtained from open data sets that are publicly available on the websites of the health ministries of the respective countries. COVID-19 cases, age, sex, date to mortality, and mortality itself were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regressions. Results. Data on 1 779 877 individuals were analyzed, 58.2% from Mexico, with a higher frequency of men for both countries, and 11.7% were older adults. Survival curves show a continuous increase in mortality for Mexico, with higher rates for older adults, while for Colombia the mortality was observed up to 50 days of the follow-up. Finally, hazard ratios were higher for older adults in both countries. Colombia implemented a rigid curfew for older adults, and the effect on mortality is clear from the survival curves. Conclusions. This finding shows the potential benefit that public policies could have on older adults.

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Neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio predicts short-term outcome of COVID-19 in haemodialysis patients

Clinical Kidney Journal ◽

10.1093/ckj/sfaa194 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Prisca Mutinelli-Szymanski ◽

Iulia Hude ◽

Emilie Merle ◽

Yannis Lombardi ◽

Pascal Seris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cox Regression ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Multicentric Study ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

And Biological Markers ◽

Dialysis Facilities

Abstract Background Information regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in haemodialysis (HD) patients is limited and early studies suggest a poor outcome. We aimed to identify clinical and biological markers associated with severe forms of COVID-19 in HD patients. Methods We conducted a prospective, observational and multicentric study. Sixty-two consecutive adult HD patients with confirmed COVID-19 from four dialysis facilities in Paris, France, from 19 March to 19 May 2020 were included. Blood tests were performed before diagnosis and at Days 7 and 14 after diagnosis. Severe forms of COVID-19 were defined as requiring oxygen therapy, admission in an intensive care unit or death. Cox regression models were used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used for survival analysis. Results Twenty-eight patients (45%) displayed severe forms of COVID-19. Compared with non-severe forms, these patients had more fever (93% versus 56%, P < 0.01), cough (71% versus 38%, P = 0.02) and dyspnoea (43% versus 6%, P < 0.01) at diagnosis. At Day 7 post-diagnosis, neutrophil counts, neutrophil:lymphocyte (N:L) ratio, C-reactive protein, ferritin, fibrinogen and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed an N:L ratio >3.7 was the major marker associated with severe forms, with an aHR of 4.28 (95% confidence interval 1.52–12.0; P = 0.006). After a median follow-up time of 48 days (range 27–61), six patients with severe forms died (10%). Conclusions HD patients are at increased risk of severe forms of COVID-19. An elevated N:L ratio at Day 7 was highly associated with the severe forms. Assessing the N:L ratio could inform clinicians for early treatment decisions.

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