scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens leaves ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Ayomide Micheal Ola-Awe ◽  
Omotola Grace Fatile
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background Mucuna pruriens (L.) has been used for the treatment of several ailments in folkloric medicine. The present study therefore investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of its leaves extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Methodology Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Results Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Extract of M. pruriens leaves restored deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in the liver and kidney with similar potency to silymarin. Hence, leaf extract of M. pruriens is a potential hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agent that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Ola-Awe Ayomide Micheal ◽  
Fatile Omotola Grace
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract The present study investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of Mucuna pruriens leaf extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Restoration of both biochemical and histopathological alterations established the fact that M. pruriens is a potent hepatoprotective and nephroprotective plant, thereby giving credence to the potential usefulness of its leaf extract in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

scholarly journals Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽  
Eka B. Essien ◽  
Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: This study evaluated the effect of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) smoothie on some biochemical parameters on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, known as dichlorvos)-exposed albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 rats of both sexes were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as the negative control and were not exposed to dichlorvos. Group II served as the positive control and were exposed to dichlorvos but received no smoothie. Group III received 500 mg/kg body weight beetroot smoothie and was not exposed to dichlorvos. Groups IV and V were exposed to dichlorvos but received beetroot before and after exposure, respectively. At the end of the 6-week experiment, the animals were euthanized, the blood samples collected for some biochemical assays while the organs (kidney and liver) were harvested and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: From the biochemical assay, it was observed that the beetroot smoothies regulated and significantly reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine observed in the animals that were exposed to dichlorvos. Additionally, the beetroot was able to regenerate the liver and kidney organs that were damaged on exposure to dichlorvos. Conclusion: This study concluded that beetroot smoothie possesses hepato-protective, hepato-curative as well as nephro-curative properties.

scholarly journals Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on pesticide dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽  
Eka B. Essien ◽  
Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: This study evaluated the effect of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) smoothie on some biochemical parameters on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, known as dichlorvos)-exposed albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 rats of both sexes were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as the negative control and were not exposed to dichlorvos. Group II served as the positive control and were exposed to dichlorvos but received no smoothie. Group III received 500 mg/kg body weight beetroot smoothie and was not exposed to dichlorvos. Groups IV and V were exposed to dichlorvos but received beetroot before and after exposure, respectively. At the end of the 6-week experiment, the animals were euthanized, the blood samples collected for some biochemical assays while the organs (kidney and liver) were harvested and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: From the biochemical assay, it was observed that the beetroot smoothies regulated and significantly reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine observed in the animals that were exposed to dichlorvos. Additionally, the beetroot was able to regenerate the liver and kidney organs that were damaged on exposure to dichlorvos. Conclusion: This study concluded that beetroot smoothie possesses hepato-protective, hepato-curative as well as nephro-curative properties.

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Whole Unripe Plantain Musa paradisiaca Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rat

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Olaitan Daniel Johnson ◽  
Adewale Akeem Yusuff
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Aim: Globally, burden of liver and kidney diseases has been on the increase in recent times. The present study therefore investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of unripe plantain Musa paradisiaca on CCl4-induced oxidative damage in albino rat. This was with the aim of providing a locally available and potent therapeutic alternative to the conventional drugs used in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti between July 2018 and January, 2019.  Methodology: Twenty-five adult male albino rats were placed into seven groups of 5 animals each. Group I animals received distilled water throughout the duration of the experiment, while group II were exposed to CCl4 only. Groups III, IV, V and VI received 3 ml/kg b.w of CCl4 intraperitoneally but were post treated with 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of unripe plantain extract respectively while group seven were post-treated with silymarin by oral gavage. Animals were sacrificed for the excision of the liver and kidney. Activities of creatinine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as levels of urea, uric acid, bilirubin and lipid profile were assessed. Tissue antioxidant level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also determined. Results: Exposure to CCl4 caused a significant derangement in lipid profile, resulting in the increase in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) while high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was diminished. Liver and kidney biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, CK, urea, uric acid and bilirubin were also significantly elevated in the serum relative to the control animals following exposure to CCl4.  Activities of antioxidant enzymes in the serum were markedly inhibited by CCl4 exposure.  Treatment with Musa paradisiaca extract caused a dose-dependent restoration of all biochemical parameters determined, while histopathological observation was in agreement with biochemical results. Conclusion: These findings showed that Musa paradisiaca extract exhibited positive modulatory effects on the liver and kidney subjected to oxidative attack, hence, its potential usefulness in the management diseases associated with these organs.

Ameliorative Effect of Withaferin A on Ageing-Mediated Impairment in the Dopamine System and Its Associated Behavior of Wistar Albino Rat

Pharmacology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Raziya Banu ◽  
Muhammed Ibrahim ◽  
K. Prabhu ◽  
Srinivasagam Rajasankar
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Aged Rat ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

Withaferin A (WA) was evaluated for its neuro-protective efficacy on ageing induced striatal dopamine (DA) and behavioural changes in aged rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into group I – young (3 months), Group II – aged (24 months), Group III – aged rats supplemented with WA (50 mg/kg b.w once in a day for 30 days) and Group IV – young rats supplemented with WA (50 mg/kg b.w). The HPLC assay revealed significant decline in the levels of DA and homovanillic acid (HVA) in substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (ST) of aged rat. A marked decline in motor activity of aged rat was observed through open field, beam walking and grid walking motor experiments. These results indicate that ageing reduces nigro-striatal activity as well as nigro-striatal DA levels. Interestingly, the administration of WA (50 mg\kg b.w) resulted in a substantial resurge of DA and HVA in SN and ST and a significant reversal of motor impairment in aged rats. This study is the first report that evidently determines the neuro-protective efficacy of WA on dopaminergic system of SN and ST in aged rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Tramadol on Sperm Profile of Male Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. S. Esua ◽  
U. U. Uno ◽  
U. B. Ekaluo
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Tramadol is a potent analgesic effective in the treatment of mild to severe pains. However, the use of the drug can pose a threat to other organs and systems. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of graded doses of tramadol on sperm profile of male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Eighteen male rats were divided into three groups (A, B and C) using completely randomized design (CRD) with six rats in each group. Rats in group A served as the control group and were given just food and water while groups B and C were given tramadol at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively, daily for the period of 65 days. The treatment was administered via oral gavage and at the end of the treatments, the rats were sacrificed. Immediately after sacrifice, a puncture was made in the epididymis with a sterile pin and examined for semen pH. The epididymes were processed for epididymal sperm motility, viability, count and sperm head abnormality. Results: There was no significant difference in the weight of testes and semen pH. Sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm count and weight of epididymes significantly reduced (p<0.05) in tramadol treated animals when compared with the control. Results also indicated statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in sperm head abnormalities in rats treated with tramadol when compared with the control. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study reveal that tramadol has negative effects on weight of epididymes, sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility and sperm head abnormalities in male albino rat as mammalian models in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Ketoksikan Akut dari Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropa curcas) pada Mencit Jantan Galur Balb/C

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh ◽  
Eka Prasasti Nur Rachmani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Animal Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Single Dosage ◽  
Histopathology Examination ◽  
Lung And Kidney

The acute toxicity of Jatropa curcas leaves on Balb/C male mice was studied in rats. This research aimed to determine acute toxicity, evaluate spectrum of toxic effect and mechanism that caused the death of animal test after administration of ethanolic extract of J. curcas leaves, single dosage orally on 24 hours observation. The research used male mice, which are divided into 5 groups. Group I was negative control with CMC-Na. Group II, III, IV, and V were given extract with dose of 1400 mg/kgBW, 2240 mg/kgBW, 3584 mg/kgBW and 5734 mg/kgBW, respectively. Evaluation of the toxic symptoms and death of animal test was done for 24 hours. If the animal test was died before 24 hours then it underwent surgery to take the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. In the end of the evaluation, all mice were killed to take the vital organs for histopathologic examination. No mortality was observed during study. The test resulted LD50 of ethanolic extract from J. curcas leaves using Balb/C male mice was 5734 mg/kg of BW. It was categorized as practically not toxic. Administration of the extract did not cause alterations of animal behaviours. Histopathology examination shows inflammation in lung, liver, and kidney after administration of the extract.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic activity of levofloxacin in adult albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Prasanna Kumari S. ◽  
Latha K. ◽  
Meeradevi A.
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Active Isomer ◽  
Animal House

Background: Levofloxacin is a fluorinated quinolone antimicrobial used in the treatment of various bacterial infections and was active against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Levofloxacin is an optically active isomer of ofloxacin. Apart from its antibacterial action, it also exhibit antinociceptive properties. This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the analgesic activity of Levofloxacin in albino rat in comparison with aspirin.Methods: Thirty adult albino rats weighing 150-250 gm were obtained from central animal house. The animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as control received normal feed and water. Group II served as standard received tablet aspirin 100 mg/kg (oral) and Group III, IV, V served as test T1, T2, T3 and received tablet levofloxacin 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg (oral), respectively. The analgesic effect of levofloxacin was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate and tail flick methods and compared with standard analgesic aspirin. The values obtained were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analysis of difference between groups were carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Probability p<0.05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.Results: Levofloxacin at 40 mg/kg showed statistically (p<0.05) elevation in pain threshold and a higher antinociceptive activity in comparison to control and standard groups.Conclusions: In the present study, levofloxacin has showed promising results as an analgesic when compared to the control and standard groups. It may be a lead compound for identifying newer adjuvant analgesic agents.

scholarly journals Effect of Testosterone on Lead Acetate Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Nazar Mohammed Shareef Mahmood ◽  
Sarkawt Hamad Ameen Hamad ◽  
Dlshad Hussein Hassan ◽  
Karwan Ismael Othman
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Adverse Influence

The toxicity of lead acetate (L. A.) concerned to public health disruptor due to its persistence in the environment and it has the adverse influence on the human and animal health as well. It causes physiological,biochemical, and neurological dysfunctions in humans. Histologically it has a negative effect on the liver which is considered one of the major target organs where acts as detoxification machine by elimination the toxic substance from the blood in rich with it.  As well as it affects kidneys that are the two of the most filtering organs. Therefore the present study was aimed to investigate the histopathological effect of L.A. on liver and kidney tissues in male rats. Twenty male rats involved in the study were equally and randomly divided into two groups each of them involved 10 animals. Group I (castrated rats) and Group II (control) each group received 80mg/L of lead acetate dissolved in one liter distilled water by drinking for 15 days. Histological sections showed some alterations including abnormal architecture, cell degeneration, nuclear degeneration, hyperchromatic hepatocytes, immune cells, degeneration in tubules, dilation in sinusoids, dilation in central vein of liver increased bowman's space glomerular atrophy degeneration of tubular cells in liver and kidney tissues of rats in castrated rats from control group. But the size of degenerated tissue was more severe in castrated male rats. It was concluded that the castration process could produce a hypogonadism and decreased testosterone which owns many receptors in kidney and liver may produce adverse influence with L.A. administration.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Protective Effect of Lepidium sativum against Aluminum-Induced Liver and Kidney Effects in Albino Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Jameal Balgoon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Superior Effect ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Induced Changes

Background and Objectives. Environmental pollution with the different Aluminum (Al) containing compounds has been increased. Liver and kidney are two vital organs targeted by Al accumulation. The aim of this study was to assess the possible protective and curative effects of Lepidium sativum Linn (LS) against Al-induced impairment of liver and kidney in albino rat and to explore the mechanism behind this effect. Materials and Methods. This experimental animal-based study included fifty albino rats divided into five groups, the control, LS-treated (20 mg/kg), AlCl3-treated (10 mg/kg), AlCl3 then LS, and AlCl3 plus LS-treated, simultaneously for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, hepatic and renal functions as well as the biomarkers of antioxidants activities were assessed in the serum. Both liver and kidney were dissected out and histopathologically examined. Results. This study showed that administration of AlCl3 caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in rats body weight. It significantly increased serum AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine levels and decreased total protein and albumin. AlCl3 significantly reduced enzymatic (catalase), nonenzymatic (reduced glutathione), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in the serum. Histopathologically, it induced necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes, glomeruli, and renal tubules. Administration of LS after or along with AlCl3 significantly restored the serum biomarkers of liver and kidney functions to their near-normal levels and had the ability to overcome Al-induced oxidative stress and preserved, to some extent, the normal hepatic and renal structure. The coadministration of LS had a superior effect in alleviating Al-induced changes. Conclusion. Exposure to AlCl3 induced a set of functional and structural changes in the liver and kidney of rats evident through both biochemical and histopathological assessment. The antioxidant activity of LS seeds mediated a protective and curative effect of LS against such changes. Further study through a rigorous clinical trial to prove LS activity on human is recommended.

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