scholarly journals Divergent camptothecin biosynthetic pathway in Ophiorrhiza pumila

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengquan Yang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Yining Liu ◽  
Xiaolong Hao ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Nothapodytes Nimmoniana

Abstract Background The anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT), first isolated from Camptotheca acuminata, was subsequently discovered in unrelated plants, including Ophiorrhiza pumila. Unlike known monoterpene indole alkaloids, CPT in C. acuminata is biosynthesized via the key intermediate strictosidinic acid, but how O. pumila synthesizes CPT has not been determined. Results In this study, we used nontargeted metabolite profiling to show that 3α-(S)-strictosidine and 3-(S), 21-(S)-strictosidinic acid coexist in O. pumila. After identifying the enzymes OpLAMT, OpSLS, and OpSTR as participants in CPT biosynthesis, we compared these enzymes to their homologues from two other representative CPT-producing plants, C. acuminata and Nothapodytes nimmoniana, to elucidate their phylogenetic relationship. Finally, using labelled intermediates to resolve the CPT biosynthesis pathway in O. pumila, we showed that 3α-(S)-strictosidine, not 3-(S), 21-(S)-strictosidinic acid, is the exclusive intermediate in CPT biosynthesis. Conclusions In our study, we found that O. pumila, another representative CPT-producing plant, exhibits metabolite diversity in its central intermediates consisting of both 3-(S), 21-(S)-strictosidinic acid and 3α-(S)-strictosidine and utilizes 3α-(S)-strictosidine as the exclusive intermediate in the CPT biosynthetic pathway, which differs from C. acuminata. Our results show that enzymes likely to be involved in CPT biosynthesis in O. pumila, C. acuminata, and N. nimmoniana have evolved divergently. Overall, our new data regarding CPT biosynthesis in O. pumila suggest evolutionary divergence in CPT-producing plants. These results shed new light on CPT biosynthesis and pave the way towards its industrial production through enzymatic or metabolic engineering approaches.

scholarly journals Genetic background of sesquiterpene lactones biosynthesis in Asteraceae. A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sozoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Heterologous System ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Asteraceae family is a rich source of many sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). These secondary metabolites exhibit multidirectional activity including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial, just to name a few. Promising approach of metabolic engineering offers a way of increasing the production of STLs by reconstruction  of  their  biosynthetic  pathway  in  a  heterologous system. Moreover, their production in host plants might be increased through overexpression of biosynthetic genes and/or transcription factors (TFs) positively regulating the pathway. Either of the strategies requires extensive knowledge on the genetic background of STLs biosynthesis pathway. This review summarizes molecular investigations concerning biosynthesis of these medicinally essential metabolites.

scholarly journals Microalgae Xanthophylls: From Biosynthesis Pathway and Production Techniques to Encapsulation Development

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2835
Author(s):  
Slim Smaoui ◽  
Mohamed Barkallah ◽  
Hajer Ben Hlima ◽  
Imen Fendri ◽  
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Photosynthetic Microorganisms ◽  
Young Researchers

In the last 20 years, xanthophylls from microalgae have gained increased scientific and industrial interests. This review highlights the essential issues that concern this class of high value compounds. Firstly, their chemical diversity as the producer microorganisms was detailed. Then, the use of conventional and innovative extraction techniques was discussed. Upgraded knowledge on the biosynthetic pathway of the main xanthophylls produced by photosynthetic microorganisms was reviewed in depth, providing new insightful ideas, clarifying the function of these active biomolecules. In addition, the recent advances in encapsulation techniques of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, such as spray and freeze drying, gelation, emulsification and coacervation were updated. Providing information about these topics and their applications and advances could be a help to students and young researchers who are interested in chemical and metabolic engineering, chemistry and natural products communities to approach the complex thematic of xanthophylls.

scholarly journals Enhancement of β-Alanine Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli Based on Multivariate Modular Metabolic Engineering

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Zhemin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Fed Batch Fermentation

β-alanine is widely used as an intermediate in industrial production. However, the low production of microbial cell factories limits its further application. Here, to improve the biosynthesis production of β-alanine in Escherichia coli, multivariate modular metabolic engineering was recruited to manipulate the β-alanine biosynthesis pathway through keeping the balance of metabolic flux among the whole metabolic network. The β-alanine biosynthesis pathway was separated into three modules: the β-alanine biosynthesis module, TCA module, and glycolysis module. Global regulation was performed throughout the entire β-alanine biosynthesis pathway rationally and systematically by optimizing metabolic flux, overcoming metabolic bottlenecks and weakening branch pathways. As a result, metabolic flux was channeled in the direction of β-alanine biosynthesis without huge metabolic burden, and 37.9 g/L β-alanine was generated by engineered Escherichia coli strain B0016-07 in fed-batch fermentation. This study was meaningful to the synthetic biology of β-alanine industrial production.

scholarly journals Carotenoids from Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Potential and Optimization Strategies

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Fernando Pagels ◽  
Vitor Vasconcelos ◽  
Ana Catarina Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Orange Carotenoid Protein ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids are tetraterpenoids molecules present in all photosynthetic organisms, responsible for better light-harvesting and energy dissipation in photosynthesis. In cyanobacteria, the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids is well described, and apart from the more common compounds (e.g., β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and echinenone), specific carotenoids can also be found, such as myxoxanthophyll. Moreover, cyanobacteria have a protein complex called orange carotenoid protein (OCP) as a mechanism of photoprotection. Although cyanobacteria are not the organism of choice for the industrial production of carotenoids, the optimisation of their production and the evaluation of their bioactive capacity demonstrate that these organisms may indeed be a potential candidate for future pigment production in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable approach of biorefinery. Carotenoids-rich extracts are described as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumoral agents and are proposed for feed and cosmetical industries. Thus, several strategies for the optimisation of a cyanobacteria-based bioprocess for the obtention of pigments were described. This review aims to give an overview of carotenoids from cyanobacteria not only in terms of their chemistry but also in terms of their biotechnological applicability and the advances and the challenges in the production of such compounds.

scholarly journals The biosynthetic pathway of potato solanidanes diverged from that of spirosolanes due to evolution of a dioxygenase

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Akiyama ◽  
Bunta Watanabe ◽  
Masaru Nakayasu ◽  
Hyoung Jae Lee ◽  
Junpei Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Common Pathway ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Key Enzyme

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum), a worldwide major food crop, produces the toxic, bitter tasting solanidane glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine. Controlling levels of glycoalkaloids is an important focus on potato breeding. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains a bitter spirosolane glycoalkaloid, α-tomatine. These glycoalkaloids are biosynthesized from cholesterol via a partly common pathway, although the mechanisms giving rise to the structural differences between solanidane and spirosolane remained elusive. Here we identify a 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase, designated as DPS (Dioxygenase for Potato Solanidane synthesis), that is a key enzyme for solanidane glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in potato. DPS catalyzes the ring-rearrangement from spirosolane to solanidane via C-16 hydroxylation. Evolutionary divergence of spirosolane-metabolizing dioxygenases contributes to the emergence of toxic solanidane glycoalkaloids in potato and the chemical diversity in Solanaceae.

scholarly journals Metabolic engineering strategy for synthetizing trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Zhang ◽  
Pengfu Liu ◽  
Weike Su ◽  
Huawei Zhang ◽  
Wenqian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Important Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Engineering Strategy ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
New Strategies

AbstractTrans-4-hydroxy-l-proline is an important amino acid that is widely used in medicinal and industrial applications, particularly as a valuable chiral building block for the organic synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Traditionally, trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline is produced by the acidic hydrolysis of collagen, but this process has serious drawbacks, such as low productivity, a complex process and heavy environmental pollution. Presently, trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline is mainly produced via fermentative production by microorganisms. Some recently published advances in metabolic engineering have been used to effectively construct microbial cell factories that have improved the trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline biosynthetic pathway. To probe the potential of microorganisms for trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline production, new strategies and tools must be proposed. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, including its biosynthetic pathway, proline hydroxylases and production by metabolic engineering, with a focus on improving its production.

Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase (CSE) Is an Enzyme in the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6150) ◽  
pp. 1103-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Vanholme ◽  
Igor Cesarino ◽  
Katarzyna Rataj ◽  
Yuguo Xiao ◽  
Lisa Sundin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls ◽  
Phenolic Metabolite ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway

Lignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. Here we describe caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana cse mutants deposit less lignin than do wild-type plants, and the remaining lignin is enriched in p-hydroxyphenyl units. Phenolic metabolite profiling identified accumulation of the lignin pathway intermediate caffeoyl shikimate in cse mutants as compared to caffeoyl shikimate levels in the wild type, suggesting caffeoyl shikimate as a substrate for CSE. Accordingly, recombinant CSE hydrolyzed caffeoyl shikimate into caffeate. Associated with the changes in lignin, the conversion of cellulose to glucose in cse mutants increased up to fourfold as compared to that in the wild type upon saccharification without pretreatment. Collectively, these data necessitate the revision of currently accepted models of the lignin biosynthetic pathway.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 and Isolation of a Colorless Mutant

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7563-7566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Van Dien ◽  
Christopher J. Marx ◽  
Brooke N. O'Brien ◽  
Mary E. Lidstrom
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Methylobacterium Extorquens ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Free Strain

ABSTRACT Genomic searches were used to reconstruct the putative carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in the pink-pigmented facultative methylotroph Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. Four genes for putative phytoene desaturases were identified. A colorless mutant was obtained by transposon mutagenesis, and the insertion was shown to be in one of the putative phytoene desaturase genes. Mutations in the other three did not affect color. The tetracycline marker was removed from the original transposon mutant, resulting in a pigment-free strain with wild-type growth properties useful as a tool for future experiments.

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