scholarly journals Foot‐and‐mouth disease virus infection in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Waters ◽  
Jemma Wadsworth ◽  
Valerie Mioulet ◽  
Andrew E. Shaw ◽  
Nick J. Knowles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious viral disease, recognised to affect animals in the order Artiodactyla. The disease is rarely fatal in adult animals, however high mortality is associated with neonatal and juvenile infection. Case presentation Five puppies died after being fed lamb carcases, the lambs having died during an outbreak of FMD in Iran. Following a post-mortem examination, cardiac tissue from one of the dead puppies was subjected to virus isolation, antigen ELISA, real-time RT-PCR, sequencing and confocal microscopy to assess the presence and characteristics of any FMD virus. The virological and microscopic examination of the cardiac tissue provided evidence of FMD virus replication in the canine heart. Conclusions The data generated in this study demonstrate for the first time that FMD virus can internalise and replicate in dogs and may represent an epidemiologically significant event in FMD transmission, highlighting the dangers of feeding diseased animal carcases to other species. The reporting of this finding may also focus attention on similar disease presentations in dogs in FMD endemic countries allowing a better understanding of the prevalence of such events.

scholarly journals Hemato-Biochemical studies on Egyptian Buffaloes and Calves naturally infected with Foot and Mouth Disease Virus serotype SAT 2

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Essam A Mahmoud ◽  
Ahmed N.F Neamat-allah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cardiac Markers ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of all cloven footed domestic and wild animals. This work was planned to study the different markers for diagnosis of FMDV serotype Sat2 in adult buffaloes and calves including clinical, hematological and biochemical examinations. A total number of sixty animals were divided into four groups. The first group was apparently healthy adult buffaloes, while the second was naturally infected adult buffaloes, a third group was apparently healthy suckling calves and finally the fourth group was naturally infected suckling calves. The recorded clinical signs were fever, salivation, loss of appetite, depression, lameness, blisters or vesicles, erosions and ulcers in the mucosa of the mouth, tongue, lips, gums, pharynx, palate and between the claws. Anemia, leucopenia, lymphopenia and monocytopenia were recorded in infected adult buffaloes and calves. Myocardial injury proved by presence of degenerated myocardial fibers and lymphocyte cell infiltration with a significant increase in cardiac markers like cardiac torponin I, CPK and LDH in addition to a significant hyperkalemia, hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesemia in buffaloe calves. Moreover, electrophoresis showed hyoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypoglobulinemia in infected animals. It could be concluded that the elevation of cardiac markers emphasized that FMD is more severe in young calves than adult animals. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate the prognosis of FMD infection in calves by these markers.

scholarly journals Variation among strains of type A foot-and-mouth disease virus in the Eastern Mediterranean region 1964–1972

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. M. Arrowsmith
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Type A ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYVariants of type A FMD virus from the Eastern Mediterranean region over the years 1964–72 have been shown to belong to a group distinct from the Western European strains as represented by A5 Westerwald. This group appears to derive from the A22 strain first recognized in 1964 and indicates the possibility of new strains supplanting old in the field.

scholarly journals Phylogeographic analysis and identification of factors impacting the diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Duchatel ◽  
Mark Bronsvoort ◽  
Samantha Lycett
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and can lead to important and continuous economic losses for affected countries. Due to the complexity of the disease epidemiology and the lack of data there is a need to use inferential computational approaches to fill the gaps in our understanding of the circulation of FMD virus on this continent. Using a phylogeographic approach we reconstructed the circulation of FMD virus serotypes A, O and SAT2 in Africa and evaluated the influence of potential environmental and anthropological predictors of virus diffusion. Our results show that over the last hundred year the continental circulation of the tree serotypes was mainly driven by livestock trade. Whilst our analyses show that the serotypes A and O were introduced in Africa trough livestock trades, the SAT2 serotype probably originates from African wildlife population. The circulation of serotype O in eastern Africa is impacted by both indirect transmission through persistence in the environment and anthropological activities such as cattle movements.

Seroprevalence of serotype O of foot-and-mouth disease virus in vaccinated pigs and cattle in Ho Chi Minh City

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Chi Mai Duong
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence against serotype O FMD (foot and mouth disease) virus in vaccinated pigs and cattle in Ho Chi Minh City, as a basis to serve the prevention of FMD epidemics in these animals. A total of 535 pigs and 366cattle sera were tested by using the Elisa kit for the detection of serotype O FMD antibody (Pirbright, UK). Results of this study showed that most pig farms had the proportions of positive animals for antibodies against FMDV serotype O which met the requirements of Decision no. 07/2016/ Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, except Xuan Thoi Thuong, Thai My and Phu My Hung. All sows had high levels of antibodies against serotype O FMD virus. There were no significant differences in the ratios of positive pigs for antibodies against FMDV serotype O among types of pig and age groups. However, there were significant differences in the seroprevalence of vaccinated pigs across herd sizes and days post-vaccination. Meanwhile, the overall seroprevalence of vaccinated cattle against FMDV at individual-level was over 80.00%. No statistical differences were found in the seroprevalence of vaccinated cattle against type OFMDV among regions, types of cattle, herd sizes, age groups and days post-vaccination. In conclusion, pigs raised in farms of Xuan Thoi Thuong, Thai My and Phu My Hung communes should be revaccinated with FMD vaccine to prevent the risk of pigs being infected with FMD virus and reduce the amount of virus produced by an infected animal.

scholarly journals Detection and quantification of IgM, IgA, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus from bovine sera using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. E. Abu Elzein ◽  
J. R. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Preliminary Separation

SUMMARYA simple solid-phase enzyme immunoassay is described for the detection of antibody classes showing activity against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in bovine sera. The assay achieves a preliminary separation of the specific class of antibody from other serum proteins through immuno-adsorption to class-specific immunoglobulin-coated wells of micro-titre plates. The specific antibody is reacted with FMD virus, which is then detected by an enzyme-labelled anti virus IgG.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in large ruminants in periurban dairy farms near Islamabad, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Farooq ◽  
Aman Ullah ◽  
Hamid Irshad ◽  
Asma Latif ◽  
Khalid Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

AbstractBackgroundFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an enzootic viral disease affecting livestock in Pakistan.ObjectivesTo determine the seroprevalence of FMD in large ruminants in periurban dairy farms near Islamabad.MethodsSerum samples were collected from 636 large ruminants during 2011 to 2012; 584 (92%) were buffaloes (Bos bubalis bubalis) and 52 (18%) were cattle (Bos taurus indicus). The population sampled was mainly adult (n = 514) and female (n = 596). Sera were assayed for antibodies against a nonstructural protein of the FMD virus using a Chekit FMD-3ABC bo-ov enzyme immunoassay Kit (Idexx Laboratories). Data were analyzed using a χResultsThe seroprevalence of FMD in the ruminants was 46% (n = 293, 95% confidence interval (CI); 42.18- 49.95) and was significantly higher in buffaloes (285, 97%; χConclusionsLarge ruminants in periurban dairy farms near Islamabad have a high FMD virus seroprevalence and play a potential role in the persistence and transmission of FMD in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The role of meat and meat products in the spread of foot and mouth disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
A. V. Mishchenko ◽  
V. A. Mishchenko ◽  
O. Yu. Chernykh ◽  
R. A. Krivonos ◽  
A. A. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

The analysis of the results of epizootic investigations carried out in the foci of foot and mouth disease and data from the study of the role of meat, meat products, meat processing waste and non-neutralized kitchen waste in the spread of the foot and mouth disease virus in a number of European countries (England, Belgium, Greece, Italy, Germany and Switzerland), the Soviet Union (Kyrgyz SSR, Latvian SSR, Magadan, Sakhalin, Leningrad and Kamchatka regions), Russian Federation (1995). Outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in Mongolia in February - March were caused by the transport of susceptible animals infected with foot and mouth disease virus and their slaughter products on the eve of the religious New Year holiday [1, 10]. Recently, the Russian Federation is free from foot and mouth disease. However, cases of the introduction of the FMD virus from neighboring countries unfavorable for this infection are recorded [8]. The greatest danger is posed by meat obtained from the slaughter of animals during the incubation period, as well as from vaccinated cattle infected with the FMD virus [2830]. The article presents the results of the indication of the FMD virus in samples from different organs and tissues infected with the FMD virus of animals. Information about the modes of disinfection of meat and meat products is presented.

scholarly journals Further investigations on the airborne excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus

1970 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Donaldson ◽  
K. A. J. Herniman ◽  
J. Parker ◽  
R. F. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

SUMMARYCalf thyroid tissue cultures were found to be the most sensitive system in detecting virus collected in a large volume air sampler from boxes, where cattle, sheep and pigs infected with A and C strains of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus were housed. It was confirmed with all strains of FMD virus tested that pigs excreted the most virus followed by cattle and sheep, but there was variation between strains, the highest virus recoveries being obtained from animals infected with O1and C Noville viruses. The results are discussed in relation to outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in Great Britain since 1954.

scholarly journals Distribution of foot and mouth disease virus serotypes in cattle of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Habib ◽  
PC Saha ◽  
PM Das ◽  
MAH NA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Time Required

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection in cloven hoofed domestic and wild animals and endemic in many countries of the world including Bangladesh. Clinical investigation was carried out to identify natural cases of FMD and characteristics signs of FMD like salivation, ulceration in oral and pedal tissues and lameness was seen. The specific serotypes of FMD viruses involved in infected cattle were, therefore, identified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Samples (N=97) from oral lesions was collected from infected cattle from seven divisions of Bangladesh during May to December, 2013. Viral RNA was extracted from the infected oral tissues and FMD virus specific uniplex RT-PCR was designed to detect FMD viruses. Multiplex RT-PCR was adapted to detect serotype specific amplicons. Out of 97 samples tested in uniplex and multiplex RT-PCR, 92 and 90 samples showed amplification reaction for FMD virus and viral serotypes respectively. Among the 90 FMD virus specific positive identification, single infectivity due to FMD viral Serotypes O, A and Asia 1 were seen in 56 (62.2%), 13 (14.4%) and 16 (17.8%) cases respectively. Three cattle (3.3%) were co-infected with FMD viral Serotypes O and Asia 1 and two (2.2%) with FMD viral Serotypes O and A. FMD viral serotype O was dominating all over the country followed by Asia1 and A. Cattle of Bangladesh were infected with FMD viral serotype O, A and Asia 1 alone or in combination. The RT-PCR protocols designed and adapted successfully detected FMD viruses and viral serotypes in a fraction of the time required for virus isolation and serological detection. These RT-PCR protocols can be used for rapid serotyping of FMD viruses from filed infectivity and selection of vaccine viruses.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 33-42 (2017)

scholarly journals Excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid and milk of cattle after intranasal infection

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. de Leeuw ◽  
J. G. van Bekkum ◽  
J. W. A. Tiessink
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Pharyngeal Area ◽  
Intranasal Instillation

SummaryThe virus growth in the pharyngeal area and the virus excretion in milk of susceptible and vaccinated dairy cows after intranasal instillation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus type O1 were examined. Ten vaccinated cows were purchased through a market. Of these, nine had delivered their first calf. The cows were inoculated 2–9 months after having received the last dose of vaccine. All vaccinated cows resisted the intranasal challenge. The virus multiplied in the pharyngeal area but, compared with two susceptible controls, to a limited extent. No clear relation was found between virus growth and the titre of circulating neutralizing antibody at the time of challenge.Virus was first detected in milk samples of the susceptible cows when generalized FMD lesions had developed on day four; the excretion lasted for 3–4 days.Up to 19 days after inoculation untreated milk of the vaccinated cows was examined for the presence of infectious FMD virus. Samples were inoculated onto cell cultures, fed to susceptible pigs and calves and injected intramuscularly and/or intradermolingually into susceptible steers. No infectious FMD virus could be detected, either in cell cultures or in susceptible animals. The animals did not develop neutralizing antibody against FMD virus and were subsequently shown to be fully susceptible to challenge. The results are discussed with particular reference to current problems regarding the export of milk products from countries where vaccination against FMD is practised to countries free of the disease.

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