scholarly journals Hepatocyte ploidy in cats with and without hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Post ◽  
Ingeborg M. Langohr ◽  
Cynthia R.L. Webster ◽  
Peter Mottram ◽  
Chin-Chi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Control Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Carcinogenesis ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Low Prevalence

Abstract Background Domestic cats rarely develop hepatocellular carcinoma. The reason for the low prevalence is unknown. Reductions in hepatocellular ploidy have been associated with hepatic carcinogenesis. Recent work in mice has shown that livers with more polyploid hepatocytes are protected against the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocyte ploidy in the domestic cat has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that ploidy would be reduced in peri-tumoral and neoplastic hepatocytes compared to normal feline hepatocytes. Using integrated fluorescence microscopy, we quantified the spectra of ploidy in hepatocellular carcinoma and healthy control tissue from paraffin embedded tissue sections. Results Feline hepatocytes are predominantly mononuclear and the number of nuclei per hepatocyte did not differ significantly between groups. Normal cats have a greater number of tetraploid hepatocytes than cats with hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions Total hepatocellular polyploidy in normal cat liver is consistent with values reported in humans, yet cellular ploidy (nuclei per cell) is greater in humans than in cats. Tetraploid cat hepatocytes are predominantly mononuclear.

scholarly journals Hepatocyte Ploidy in Cats with and Without Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea N. Johnston ◽  
Jacqueline Post ◽  
Ingeborg M. Langohr ◽  
Cynthia R.L. Webster ◽  
Peter Mottram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Control Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Carcinogenesis ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Low Prevalence

Abstract BackgroundDomestic cats rarely develop hepatocellular carcinoma. The reason for the low prevalence is unknown. Reductions in hepatocellular ploidy have been associated with hepatic carcinogenesis. Recent work in mice has shown that livers with more polyploid hepatocytes are protected against the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocyte ploidy in the domestic cat has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that ploidy would be reduced in peri-tumoral and neoplastic hepatocytes compared to normal feline hepatocytes. Using integrated fluorescence microscopy, we quantified the spectra of ploidy in hepatocellular carcinoma and healthy control tissue from paraffin embedded tissue sections. Results Feline hepatocytes are predominantly mononuclear and the number of nuclei per hepatocyte did not differ significantly between groups. Normal cats have a greater number of tetraploid hepatocytes than cats with hepatocellular carcinoma.ConclusionsTotal hepatocellular polyploidy in normal cat liver is consistent with values reported in humans, yet cellular ploidy (nuclei per cell) is greater in humans than in cats. Tetraploid cat hepatocytes are predominantly mononuclear.

scholarly journals Circulating tumour DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis using digital droplet PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199296
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Yanjun Diao ◽  
Jiayun Liu ◽  
Jinjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective To evaluate the performance of a DNA methylation-based digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect aberrant DNA methylation in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and to determine its application in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The present study recruited patients with liver-related diseases and healthy control subjects. Blood samples were used for the extraction of cfDNA, which was then bisulfite converted and the extent of DNA methylation quantified using a ddPCR platform. Results A total of 97 patients with HCC, 80 healthy control subjects and 46 patients with chronic hepatitis B/C virus infection were enrolled in the study. The level of cfDNA in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group. For the detection of HCC, based on a cut-off value of 15.7% for the cfDNA methylation ratio, the sensitivity and specificity were 78.57% and 89.38%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 85.27%, the positive predictive value was 81.91% and the negative predictive value was 87.20%. The positive likelihood ratio of 15.7% in HCC diagnosis was 7.40, while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.24. Conclusions A sensitive methylation-based assay might serve as a liquid biopsy test for diagnosing HCC.

Do prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) change their activity and space use in response to domestic cat (Felis catus) excreta?

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Keane ◽  
Phillip J. Long ◽  
Yasmeen Fleifil ◽  
Nancy G. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Space Use ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Odor Cues ◽  
Risk Of Predation

AbstractBehavioral changes that reduce the risk of predation in response to predator-derived odor cues are widespread among mammalian taxa and have received a great deal of attention. Although voles of the genus Microtus are staples in the diet of many mammalian predators, including domestic cats (Felis catus), there are no previous studies on vole space utilization and activity levels in response to odor cues from domestic cats. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate responses of adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) living in semi-natural habitats to odor cues from domestic cat excreta. Contrary to expectations, neither adult males or females showed significant changes in space use or willingness to enter traps in response to cat odors. One hypothesis to explain our results are that prairie voles have not co-evolved with domestic cats long enough to respond to their odors. Other possible explanations include whether levels of odors in the environment were sufficient to trigger a response or that the perceived risk of predation from odor cues alone did not outweigh relative costs of changing space use and activity levels. Future studies should consider multiple factors when determining what cues are sufficient to elicit antipredatory behavior.

Testicular effects of a postnatal GnRH antagonist in domestic cats

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Luminal Area ◽  
Germinal Cells

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the histological effects of two high postnatal doses of the potent third-generation GnRH antagonist, acyline in the domestic cat testicle. Secondly, the physical, endocrine, and steroidogenic findings of this pharmaceutical protocol are also reported. Twelve postnatal littermate male kittens were administered acyline in a dose of 2.2 mg/100 g SC weekly for 2 weeks (ACY; n = 6), or placebo (PL; n = 6). All the animals were followed up until puberty when they were castrated. Serial faecal samples were collected until the age of 10 weeks for testosterone (T) measurement. The kittens achieved puberty without either age (236.5 ± 19.7 vs. 221.7 ± 23.7 days) or body weight (3.05 ± 0.15 vs. 2.78 ± 0.28 kg, P > 0.05) differences between ACY and PL, respectively. Acyline suppressed faecal T concentrations for 3 weeks (P < 0.01). From the fourth week on, both groups had low concentrations up to the end of the follow-up period (P > 0.05). Histological assessment of the testes showed that ACY cats presented a reduced height of the epithelium (P < 0.01) due to the diminished number of germinal cells accompanied by an enlarged luminal area (P < 0.01) with cellular debris (P < 0.01). The immunostaining of P450c17 also appeared partially diminished in ACY testes.

Vascular Invasion and Herniation by Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing?

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Quaglia ◽  
Nazanin Etessami ◽  
Rosalind Sim ◽  
John Difford ◽  
A. P. Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factor Xiiia ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Prognostic Feature ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Abstract Context.—Vascular invasion is an important diagnostic and prognostic feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis. Intravascular free-floating tumor clusters (IvCs) of HCC are found histologically in the vicinity of HCC. Thrombus formation is not seen morphologically in association with these IvCs, which are usually covered by endothelium. Objective.—Our hypothesis is that these IvCs are the result of a nondestructive form of vascular invasion by HCC, and we tried to define this aspect of microvascular invasion more accurately. Design.—Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and consecutive sections were stained for fibrin (Martius scarlet blue, fibrinogen), platelets (factor XIIIa), smooth muscle actin, and endothelium (CD34). We studied cirrhotic livers removed at transplantation between 1997 and 1999. Of the livers studied, 35 of 81 consecutive cirrhotic livers contained HCC, and 17 showed microscopic vascular invasion. Five of these 17 cases showed IvCs and were subjected to the study. Main Outcome Measure.—Presence or absence of thrombus formation in association with IvC. Results.—Usually, IvCs were covered by endothelium, and no associated thrombus formation was seen. In 1 case of HCC, thrombus formation was seen focally in association with disruption of the endothelial coating. Conclusions.—We propose that the endothelial-lined trabecular structure of HCC everts, frondlike, via vascular structures within the tumor capsule into peritumoral vascular lumens without destruction of the endothelial coating. This may protect these HCC tumor projections from thrombus formation but may also act as a barrier to tumor extravasation, and this may be exploited from a therapeutic point of view.

scholarly journals Platynosomum fastosum (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) infection in a domestic cat in northeastern Brazil: high fluke burden and associated lesions Infecção por Platynosomum fastosum (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) em gato doméstico no nordeste do Brasil: alta carga parasitária e lesões associadasdoi:10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v4i3.775.p198-202.2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Roberta Da Rocha Braga ◽  
Djan Zanchi ◽  
John Allyson Andrade Oliveira ◽  
André Costa Teixeira ◽  
Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cystic Duct ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Biliary Ducts

Introduction: Platynosomum fastosum is a dicrocoeliid fluke that infects birds and mammals, especially wild and domestic cats. Case report: A middle-aged male domestic cat was euthanized and examined. Its clinical features had included apathy, emaciation, hepatomegaly and mild jaundice on the mucosae. At necropsy, we noticed enlarged liver and dilated gallbladder. After opening the gallbladder lengthwise, multiple whitish flattened ellipsoidal structures were observed and identified as P. fastosum. The larger parasites were found in gallbladder, with significant different size from cystic duct and intrahepatic biliary ducts (p<0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed fluke-induced suppurative cholecystitis and chronic cholangitis. Precursor lesions of cholangiocarcinoma were reported. Conclusion: This report was part of the first prevalence survey of P.fastosum in municipality of Maracanaú, state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals A Molecular Survey on Neglected Gurltia paralysans and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Infections in Domestic Cats (Felis catus) from Southern Chile

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Natasha Barrios ◽  
Marcelo Gómez ◽  
Macarena Zanelli ◽  
Lisbeth Rojas-Barón ◽  
Paulina Sepúlveda-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Factors Associated

Gurltia paralysans and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus are neglected metastrongyloid nematode species which infect domestic and wild cats in South American countries and in Chile, but no epidemiological studies on concomitant infections have been conducted in Chile so far. The aim of this study was not only to evaluate the occurrence of concomitant infections, but also to identify epidemiological risk factors associated with of G. paralysans and A. abstrusus infections in urban domestic cats (Felis catus) from Southern Chile. Blood samples from clinically healthy domestic cats from three cities of Southern Chile—Temuco, Valdivia, and Puerto Montt—were analyzed by an experimental semi-nested PCR protocol. A total of 171 apparently healthy domestic cats in Temuco (n = 68), Valdivia (n = 50), and Puerto Montt (n = 53) were sampled and analyzed. A total of 93 domestic cats (54.4%) were positive for G. paralysans, and 34 (19.9%) were positive for A. abstrusus infections. From those animals, 34 (19.9%) were co-infected. Cats positive with G. paralysans were found in all three cities; 47.2% in Puerto Montt, 48% in Valdivia, and 64.7% in Temuco. Levels of infection for A. abstrusus in the population under study were 4% (Valdivia), 10% (Puerto Montt), and 32.4% (Temuco). The present large-scale epidemiological study confirmed the presence of these neglected nematodes in domestic cat populations in Southern Chile, and described the possible risk factors associated with feline gurltiosis and aelurostrongylosis.

scholarly journals Identification of domestic cat hepadnavirus from a cat blood sample in Japan

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Takahashi ◽  
Yasuyuki Kaneko ◽  
Akiko Shibanai ◽  
Shushi Yamamoto ◽  
Ayana Katagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Hepatic Cancer ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Impact

The hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae) induces chronic hepatitis and hepatic cancer in humans. A novel domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) was recently identified in several countries, however, the DCH infection status of cats in Japan is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the DCH infection rate of 139 cat samples collected in Japan. We identified one positive blood sample (0.78%) from a 17-year-old female cat with chronically elevated alanine aminotransferase. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the DCH strain identified in this study is genetically distinct from strains in other countries. Further investigations are required to elucidate the evolution of DCH and the impact of DCH infection on hepatic diseases in domestic cats.

scholarly journals Handling of Scabies in Domestic Cat at Q-one Petklinik Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Bagus Uda Palgunadi ◽  
Katarina Kole Grace Wangge ◽  
Lailia Dwi Kusuma Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
The Body ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Scabies Mite ◽  
Facial Area

Background: Scabies is a skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. Scabies is transmitted through direct contact with animals affected by scabies or contact with the source of scabies mite in area of cat lives. Purpose: This study aims to determine the management of scabies at Q-One PetKlinik Surabaya. Method: Handling domestic cats affected by S.scabiei began with an interview with the  owner and examinated with the physical condition of cats, and observed the body that was infected with S.scabiei. Scrabbing on scabs was conducted in the cat’s body which was located in the facial area, and followed by microscopic examination to observe the S.scabiei mite. Results: During April 2021, there were 13 domestic cats affected by scabies. Treatment for scabies was by administrated drugs containing 5% Permethrin. Cats were also given supportive therapy by grooming with antiectoparasite shampoo after two weeks from being given drugs. Conclusion: Handling cases of scabies in domestic cats at Q-One PetKlinik Surabaya is performed by cleaning the scab, applying an ointment containing 5% permethrin, and giving anti-histamine and anti-parasitic as well as providing supportive therapy in the form of grooming using shampoo containing anti-ectoparasites.

scholarly journals Sex determining of cat embryo and some feline species

Zygote ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ciani ◽  
Natascia Cocchia ◽  
Maria Rizzo ◽  
Patrizia Ponzio ◽  
Gennaro Tortora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Wild Felids

SummarySex identification in mammalian preimplantation embryos is a technique that is used currently for development of the embryo transfer industry for zootechnical animals and is, therefore, a resource for biodiversity preservation. The aim of the present study was to establish a rapid and reliable method for the sexing of preimplantation embryos in domestic cats. Here we describe the use of nested PCR identify Y chromosome-linked markers when starting from small amounts of DNA and test the method for the purpose of sexing different species of wild felids. To evaluate the efficiency of the primers, PCR analysis were performed first in blood samples of sex-known domestic cats. Cat embryos were produced both in vitro and in vivo and the blastocysts were biopsied. A Magnetic Resin System was used to capture a consistent amount of DNA from embryo biopsy and wild felid hairs. The results from nested PCR applied on cat blood that corresponded to the phenotypical sex. Nested PCR was also applied to 37 embryo biopsies and the final result was: 21 males and 16 females. Furthermore, β-actin was amplified in each sample, as a positive control for DNA presence. Subsequently, nested PCR was performed on blood and hair samples from some wild felines and again the genotyping results and phenotype sex corresponded. The data show that this method is a rapid and repeatable option for sex determination in domestic cat embryos and some wild felids and that a small amount of cells is sufficient to obtain a reliable result. This technique, therefore, affords investigators a new approach that they can insert in the safeguard programmes of felida biodiversity.

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