scholarly journals Family, social and cultural determinants of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) use in Madagascar: secondary analysis of three qualitative studies focused on children aged 5–15 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammy Fiadanana Njatosoa ◽  
Chiarella Mattern ◽  
Dolorès Pourette ◽  
Thomas Kesteman ◽  
Elliot Rakotomanana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Llin Use

Abstract Background Although it is accepted that long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) use is an effective means to prevent malaria, children aged 5 to 15 years do not appear to be sufficiently protected in Madagascar; the malaria prevalence is highest in this age group. The purpose of this research is to summarize recent qualitative studies describing LLIN use among the Malagasy people with a focus on children aged 5–15 years. Methods Qualitative data from three studies on malaria conducted between 2012 and 2016 in 10 districts of Madagascar were analysed. These studies cover all malaria epidemiological profiles and 10 of the 18 existing ethnic groups in Madagascar. A thematic analysis was conducted on the collected data from semi-structured interviews, direct observation data, and informal interviews. Results A total of 192 semi-structured interviews were conducted. LLINs are generally perceived positively because they protect the health and well-being of users. However, regional representations of mosquito nets may contribute to LLIN lower use by children over 5 years of age including the association between married status and LLIN use, which leads to the refusal of unmarried young men to sleep under LLINs; the custom of covering the dead with a mosquito net, which leads to fear of LLIN use; and taboos governing sleeping spaces for siblings of opposite sexes, which leads to LLIN shortages in households. Children under 5 years of age are known to be the most vulnerable age group for acquiring malaria and, therefore, are prioritized for LLIN use when there are limited supplies in households. In contrast, children over 5 years of age, who are perceived to be at less risk for malaria, often sleep without LLINs. Conclusions Perceptions, social practices and regional beliefs regarding LLINs and vulnerability to malaria contribute to the nonuse of LLINs among children over 5 years of age in Madagascar. Modifying LLIN policies to account for these factors may increase LLIN use in this age group and reduce disease burden.

scholarly journals Social vulnerability of children aged 5 to 15 years to malaria in Madagascar: secondary analysis of 3 qualitative studies of LLIN use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammy Fiadanana NJATOSOA ◽  
Chiarella Mattern ◽  
Dolorès Pourette ◽  
Thomas Kesteman ◽  
Elliot Rakotomanana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Llin Use

Abstract Background: Although it is accepted that long lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) use is an effective means to prevent malaria, children aged 5 to 15 years do not appear to be sufficiently protected in Madagascar; the malaria prevalence is highest in this age group. The purpose of this article is to summarize recent qualitative studies describing LLIN use among children aged 5-15 years and explore options to increase their use in this age group.Methods: Qualitative data from three studies on malaria conducted between 2012 and 2016 in 10 districts of Madagascar were analyzed. These studies cover all malaria epidemiological profiles and 10 of the 18 existing ethnic groups in Madagascar. A thematic analysis was conducted on the collected data from semi-structured interviews, direct observation data, and informal interviews.Results: A total of 192 semi-structured interviews were conducted. LLINs are generally perceived positively because they protect the health and well-being of users. However, regional representations of mosquito nets may contribute to LLIN nonuse by children over 5 years of age including the association between married status and LLIN use, which leads to the refusal of unmarried young men to sleep under LLINs; the custom of covering the dead with a mosquito net, which leads to fear of LLIN use; and taboos governing sleeping spaces for siblings of opposite sexes, which leads to LLIN shortages in households. Children under 5 years of age are known to be the most vulnerable age group for acquiring malaria and therefore are prioritized for LLIN use when there are limited supplies in households. In contrast, children over 5 years of age, who are perceived to be at less risk for malaria, often sleep without LLINs.Conclusions: Perceptions, social practices and regional beliefs regarding LLINs and vulnerability to malaria contribute to the nonuse of LLINs among children over 5 years of age in Madagascar. Modifying LLIN policies to account for these factors may increase LLIN use in this age group and reduce disease burden.Trial registration: Not applicable

scholarly journals Social vulnerability of children aged 5 to 15 years to malaria in Madagascar: 3 anthropological studies LLIN use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammy Fiadanana NJATOSOA ◽  
Chiarella Mattern ◽  
Dolorès Pourette ◽  
Thomas Kesteman ◽  
Elliot Rakotomanana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mosquito Net ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Llin Use ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract BackgroundAlthough it is accepted that long lasting insecticide bed net (LLIN) use is an effective means to prevent malaria, children aged 5 to 15 years do not appear to be sufficiently protected in Madagascar; malaria prevalence is highest in this age group. The purpose of this article is to summarize recent qualitative studies describing LLIN use among children aged 5–15 years and explore options to increase their use in this age group.MethodsQualitative data from three anthropological studies on malaria conducted between 2012 and 2016 in 10 districts of Madagascar were analyzed. These studies cover all malaria epidemiological profiles and 10 of the 18 existing ethnic groups in Madagascar. A thematic analysis was conducted on the collected data from semi-structured interviews, direct observation data, and informal interviews.ResultsA total of 192 semi-structured interviews were conducted. LLINs are generally perceived positively because they protect the health and well-being of users. However, regional representations of mosquito nets may contribute to LLIN nonuse by children over 5 years of age including the association between married status and LLIN use, which leads to the refusal of unmarried young men to sleep under LLINs; the custom of covering the dead with a mosquito net, which leads to fear of LLIN use; and taboos governing sleeping spaces for siblings of opposite sexes, which leads to LLIN shortages in households. Children under 5 years of age are known to be the most vulnerable age group for acquiring malaria and therefore are prioritized for LLIN use when there are limited supplies in households. In contrast, children over 5 years of age, who are perceived to be at less risk for malaria, often sleep without LLINs.ConclusionsPerceptions, social practices and regional beliefs regarding LLINs s and vulnerability to malaria contribute to the nonuse of LLINs among children over 5 years of age in Madagascar. Modifying LLIN policies to account for these factors may increase LLIN use in this age group and reduce disease burden.Trial registrationNot applicable

scholarly journals Malaria prevalence and incidence in an isolated, meso-endemic area of Mozambique

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Derek D Charlwood ◽  
Erzelia V.E. Tomás ◽  
Mauro Bragança ◽  
Nelson Cuamba ◽  
Michael Alifrangis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Generalised Additive Model ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Llin Use

If malaria can be eliminated from anywhere it is from isolated areas such as the 2x7 km peninsula of Linga Linga in southern Mozambique. Currently available control strategies include bed nets impregnated with pyrethroid insecticides (long-lasting insecticidal bed nets; LLINs), artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) for treatment and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for diagnosis. When these became available, they were applied and their effects on malaria prevalence measured over the years 2007 – 2011. Following a census of the population and mapping of 500 households, five annual all age prevalence surveys were conducted over the years 2007 – 2011. Information on LLIN use, house construction, and animal ownership was obtained. Mean prevalence varied from 16% (in 2007) to 65% (in 2009) according to the season in which the surveys were performed. The 5 – 9 year old age group had the highest prevalence rate in the first three surveys (2007 – 2009). A spatially structured generalised additive model indicated that malaria risk was greatest towards the northern end of the peninsula. The effect on the incidence of malaria of a clinic providing RDT’s for diagnosis and ACT’s for treatment was also monitored from March 2009 to May 2011. Malaria was diagnosed in 31% of the 4321 visits from residents attending the clinic and 72% of those tested were positive. People with confirmed malaria were younger than the median age of people attending the clinic. People with a fever were more likely to have malaria than people without a fever but bednet use did not affect the likelihood of having malaria. People living further away from the health post were less likely to attend. The number of attendees diagnosed with malaria decreased significantly from 35% (399 of 1144 attendees) in 2009 to 24% (271 of 1150 attendees) in 2011 (Chi sq = 19.1, p> 0.0001). In order to reduce malaria prevalence in an area such as Linga Linga further measures of vector control need to be considered if reductions in malaria prevalence are to be achieved.

scholarly journals Malaria prevalence and incidence in an isolated, meso-endemic area of Mozambique

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Derek D Charlwood ◽  
Erzelia V.E. Tomás ◽  
Mauro Bragança ◽  
Nelson Cuamba ◽  
Michael Alifrangis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapy ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Generalised Additive Model ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Llin Use

If malaria can be eliminated from anywhere it is from isolated areas such as the 2x7 km peninsula of Linga Linga in southern Mozambique. Currently available control strategies include bed nets impregnated with pyrethroid insecticides (long-lasting insecticidal bed nets; LLINs), artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) for treatment and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for diagnosis. When these became available, they were applied and their effects on malaria prevalence measured over the years 2007 – 2011. Following a census of the population and mapping of 500 households, five annual all age prevalence surveys were conducted over the years 2007 – 2011. Information on LLIN use, house construction, and animal ownership was obtained. Mean prevalence varied from 16% (in 2007) to 65% (in 2009) according to the season in which the surveys were performed. The 5 – 9 year old age group had the highest prevalence rate in the first three surveys (2007 – 2009). A spatially structured generalised additive model indicated that malaria risk was greatest towards the northern end of the peninsula. The effect on the incidence of malaria of a clinic providing RDT’s for diagnosis and ACT’s for treatment was also monitored from March 2009 to May 2011. Malaria was diagnosed in 31% of the 4321 visits from residents attending the clinic and 72% of those tested were positive. People with confirmed malaria were younger than the median age of people attending the clinic. People with a fever were more likely to have malaria than people without a fever but bednet use did not affect the likelihood of having malaria. People living further away from the health post were less likely to attend. The number of attendees diagnosed with malaria decreased significantly from 35% (399 of 1144 attendees) in 2009 to 24% (271 of 1150 attendees) in 2011 (Chi sq = 19.1, p> 0.0001). In order to reduce malaria prevalence in an area such as Linga Linga further measures of vector control need to be considered if reductions in malaria prevalence are to be achieved.

“I am not a good enough caregiver, and it is my fault”: The complex self-concept of Vietnamese female caregivers in dementia care

Dementia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147130122199435
Author(s):  
Trang T Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Self Discrepancy

In Vietnam, the majority of dementia caregivers are women. They play multiple social roles, confronting role conflicts, and caregiving burdens with insufficient social supports. Dementia caregiving alters their self-concepts, or who and how good they think they are. This secondary analysis study aims to explore self-concepts of Vietnamese female caregivers of people with dementia. In total, data of 21 face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, including six follow-up interviews, conducted with 13 Vietnamese female caregivers of people with dementia, were drawn from a larger study for analysis following the thematic coding procedure. Results showed that the self-concepts of female caregivers in dementia care were complex, contextualized, and manifested in different aspects. First, the guided self and the performed self emerged from the data as the key themes consistently shared by female caregivers. Their guided self was the self that their social norms and cultural traditions told them about who they should be, while their performed self was the self they demonstrated to the outside world. The mismatch between these two types of self (self-discrepancy) caused distress among caregivers. Second, caregivers’ self-concept was the combination of the three key types of the self: the moral self (a filial daughter or a responsible wife); the feminine self (a patient and graceful women); and the worthy self (a devoted and helpful caregiver). Understanding Vietnamese female caregivers’ self-concepts, self-discrepancy, and its impacts on their well-being can be used to inform the development of interventions and social services for this underserved group.

scholarly journals How gender shapes interprofessional teamwork in the operating room: a qualitative secondary analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cole Etherington ◽  
Simon Kitto ◽  
Joseph K. Burns ◽  
Tracey L. Adams ◽  
Arija Birze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Interprofessional Teamwork ◽  
Provider Practice ◽  
Qualitative Secondary Analysis

Abstract Background Despite substantial implications for healthcare provider practice and patient outcomes, gender has yet to be systematically explored with regard to interprofessional operating room (OR) teamwork. We aimed to explore and describe how gender and additional social identity factors shape experiences and perceptions of teamwork in the OR. Methods This study was a qualitative secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews with OR team members conducted between November 2018 and July 2019. Participants were recruited across hospitals in Ontario, Canada. We conducted both purposive and snowball sampling until data saturation was reached. Transcripts were analyzed thematically by two independent research team members, moving from open to axial coding. Results Sixty-six interviews of OR healthcare professionals were completed: anesthesia (n=17), nursing (n=19), perfusion (n=2), and surgery (n=26). Traditional gender roles, norms, and stereotypes were perceived and experienced by both women and men, but with different consequences. Both women and men participants described challenges that women face in the OR, such as being perceived negatively for displaying leadership behaviours. Participants also reported that interactions and behaviours vary depending on the team gender composition, and that other social identities, such as age and race, often interact with gender. Nevertheless, participants indicated a belief that the influence of gender in the OR may be modified. Conclusions The highly gendered reality of the OR creates an environment conducive to breakdowns in communuication and patient safety risks in addition to diminishing team morale, psychological safety, and provider well-being. Consequently, until teamwork interventions adequately account for gender, they are unlikely to be optimally effective or sustainable.

Peregrinação Acadêmica: A mulher Romeira do Bom Jesus da Lapa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Célia Coelho Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The West ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
West Part

This work is the result of the doctoral thesis entitled Pilgrimage of Bom Jesus da Lapa: Social Reproduction of the Family and Female Gender Identity, specifically the second chapter that talks about women in the Pilgrimage of Bom Jesus da Lapa, emphasizing gender relations, analyzing the location of the pilgrimage as a social reproduction of the patriarchal family and female gender identity. The research scenario is the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage, which has been held for 329 years, in that city, located in the West part of Bahia. The research participants are pilgrim women who are in the age group between 50 and 70 years old and have participated, for more than five consecutive years in the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage, belonging to five Brazilian states (Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Goiás) that register a higher frequency of attendance at this religious event. We used bibliographic, qualitative, field and documentary research and data collection as our methodology; we applied participant observation and semi-structured interviews as a technique. We concluded that the Bom Jesus da Lapa Pilgrimage is a location for family social reproduction and the female gender identity, observing a contrast in the resignification of the role and in the profile of the pilgrim women from Bom Jesus da Lapa, alternating between permanence and the transformation of gender identity coming from patriarchy.

COVID-19 Epigenetics and Implications for Public Health

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verda Tunalıgil ◽  
Gülsen Meral ◽  
Ahmet Katı ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay ◽  
Amit Kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Abstract:: Epigenetic changes in COVID-19 host, a pandemic-causing infectious agent that globally incapacitated communities in varying complexities and capacities are discussed, proposing an analogy that epigenetic processes contribute to disease severity and elevate the risk for death from infection. Percentages of hospitalization, with and without intensive care, in the presence of diseases with increased ACE2 expression, were compared, based on the best available data. Further analysis compared two different age groups, 19-64 and ≥65 years of age. The COVID-19 disease is observed to be the most severe in the 65-and-higher-age group with preexisting chronic conditions. This observational study is a non-experimental empirical investigation of the outcomes of COVID-19 in different patient groups. Results are promising for conducting clinical trials with intervention groups. To ultimately succeed in disease prevention, researchers and clinicians must integrate epigenetic mechanisms to generate valid prescriptions for global well-being.

Achieving Financial Inclusion for Persons With Disabilities: Exploring Preparedness and Accessibility of Financial Services for Persons With Disabilities in Malawi

2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110275
Author(s):  
Alex Nester Jiya ◽  
Maxwell Peprah Opoku ◽  
William Nketsia ◽  
Joslin Alexei Dogbe ◽  
Josephine Nkrumah Adusei
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Persons With Disabilities

Deplorable living conditions among persons with disabilities and the need to improve their living conditions cannot be overemphasized. This has triggered international discussion on the need for deliberate social policies to bridge the poverty gap between persons with and without disabilities. In Malawi, expansion of financial services has been identified as an essential tool to accelerate economic and inclusive development. However, empirical studies are yet to explore the preparedness of financial institutions to extend their services to persons with disabilities. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers from commercial banks in Malawi to understand their perspectives on extending financial services to persons with disabilities. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and a descriptive thematic analysis was performed. Although participants reiterated the need to provide persons with disabilities with financial services to improve their well-being, few initiatives have been undertaken to improve their participation. Particularly, participants stated that barriers, such as a lack of financial literacy and adaptive technologies, communication barriers, and high rates of unemployment, explained the reluctance of commercial banks to extend financial services to persons with disabilities. The limitations, recommendations for future research, and implications of the study for policymaking have been highlighted.

scholarly journals “My coupons are like gold”: experiences and perceived outcomes of low-income adults participating in the British Columbia Farmers’ Market Nutrition Coupon Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Caron-Roy ◽  
Sayeeda Amber Sayed ◽  
Katrina Milaney ◽  
Bonnie Lashewicz ◽  
Sharlette Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Farmers Market

ABSTRACT Objective: The British Columbia Farmers’ Market Nutrition Coupon Program (FMNCP) provides low-income households with coupons valued at $21/week for 16 weeks to purchase healthy foods in farmers’ markets. Our objective was to explore FMNCP participants’ experiences of accessing nutritious foods, and perceived program outcomes. Design: This study used qualitative description methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with FMNCP participants during the 2019 farmers’ market season. Directed content analysis was used to analyse the data whereby the five domains of Freedman et al’s framework of nutritious food access provided the basis for an initial coding scheme. Data that did not fit within the framework’s domains were coded inductively. Setting: One urban and two rural communities in British Columbia, Canada. Participants: 28 adults who were participating in the FMNCP. Results: Three themes emerged: Autonomy and Dignity; Social Connections and Community Building; and Environmental and Programmatic Constraints. Firstly, the program promoted a sense of autonomy and dignity through financial support, increased access to high-quality produce, food-related education and skill development, and mitigating stigma and shame. Secondly, shopping in farmers’ markets increased social connections and fostered a sense of community. Finally, participants experienced limited food variety in rural farmers’ markets, lack of transportation, and challenges with redeeming coupons. Conclusions: Participation in the FMNCP facilitated access to nutritious foods and enhanced participants’ diet quality, well-being and health. Strategies such as increasing the amount and duration of subsidies, and expanding programs may help improve participants’ experiences and outcomes of farmers’ market food subsidy programs.

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