scholarly journals Love bites: male frogs (Plectrohyla, Hylidae) use teeth scratching to deliver sodefrin precursor-like factors to females during amplexus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Schulte ◽  
An Martel ◽  
Raciel Cruz-Elizalde ◽  
Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista ◽  
Franky Bossuyt
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Transmission Modes ◽  
Exact Function ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Transcriptome ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages ◽  
Pheromone Glands ◽  
Efficient Transfer

Abstract Background Efficient transfer of chemical signals is important for successful mating in many animal species. Multiple evolutionary lineages of animals evolved direct sex pheromone transmission during traumatic mating—the wounding of the partner with specialized devices—which helps to avoid signal loss to the environment. Although such direct transmission modes of so-called allohormone pheromones are well-documented in invertebrates, they are considered rare in vertebrates. Males of several species of the frog genus Plectrohyla (Hylidae, Anura) have elongated teeth and develop swollen lips during the breeding season. Here we investigated the possibility that these structures are used to scratch the females’ skin and apply allohormone pheromones during traumatic mating in several Plectrohyla species. Results Our behavioural observations revealed that males press their upper jaw onto the females’ dorsum during amplexus, leaving small skin scratches with their teeth. Histological examinations of the males’ lips identified specialized mucus glands, resembling known amphibian pheromone glands. Whole-transcriptome sequencing of these breeding glands showed high expression of sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) proteins, which are known to have a pheromone function in multiple amphibian species. Conclusions Our study suggests SPF delivery via traumatic mating in several anuran species: the males have specialized breeding glands in the lips for production and secretion and use their elongated teeth as wounding devices for application. We hypothesize that these SPF proteins end up in the females’ circulatory system, where understanding their exact function will require further molecular, physiological and behavioural testing.

Mammary-type Myofibroblastoma with Leiomyomatous Differentiation: A Rare Variant with Potential Pitfalls

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692110313
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Strait ◽  
Julia A. Bridge ◽  
Anthony J. Iafrate ◽  
Marilyn M. Li ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Mature Adipose Tissue ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

Myofibroblastoma is a rare, benign stromal tumor with a diverse morphologic spectrum. Mammary-type myofibroblastoma (MTMF) is the extra-mammary counterpart of this neoplasm and its occurrence throughout the body has become increasingly recognized. Similar morphologic variations of MTMF have now been described which mirror those seen in the breast. We describe a case of intra-abdominal MTMF composed of short fascicles of eosinophilic spindle cells admixed with mature adipose tissue. The spindle cells stained diffusely positive for CD34, desmin, smooth muscle actin, and h-caldesmon by immunohistochemistry. Concurrent loss of RB1 (13q14) and 13q34 loci were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization whereas anchored multiplex PCR and whole transcriptome sequencing did not reveal any pathognomonic fusions suggesting an alternative diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first documented case of leiomyomatous variant of MTMF.

The prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma depends on the crosstalk between immune profiles and tumor genomic alterations.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4035-4035
Author(s):  
Deqiang Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
Yaping Xu ◽  
Yuange He ◽  
Lifeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Genomic Alterations ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

4035 Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is with a complex microenvironment of tumor cells. A better understanding of the immune landscape of GACs may lead to the improved treatment strategies with ICIs. Methods: To determine whether the molecular characteristics can serve in prognostic stratification of GACs, tumor tissue and blood samples were collected from 231 GAC patients. The median follow-up time was 34 months. The TCR profile was determined by TCR-β CDR3 sequencing while mutation and gene expression profiles were determined by whole exon and whole transcriptome sequencing, respectively. Tumour-infiltrating immune cells were characterized using immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Results: The results showed the OS of patients with high levels of TCR clonality (TCR clonal expansion) was significantly improved compared with patients with low levels (HR = 1.80 and 2.22, p = 0.022 and 0.008, respectively) in the whole group and in the subgroup of patients with stages IB to III disease. Furthermore, low local clonality was an independent risk factor for OS (adjusted-HR = 1.68 and 1.95, p = 0.049 and 0.029, respectively). Thus, TCR clonal expansion in tumour tissue had a strong prognostic value for GAC patients, independent of clinicopathological factors. Based on whole exon and whole transcriptome sequencing, RNF43/FBXW7/ARID2 mutations and local TCR clonality jointly impacted prognosis (p < 0.001), and functional changes in corresponding Wnt pathway/Notch pathway/SWI/SNF complex characterized a GAC subset with enhanced tumour immunogenicity and TCR clonal expansion. TCR CDR3 sequence similarity comparisons yielded clusters of TCR clones of likely similar functions. The most expansive TCR clusters negatively correlated with the percentage of subclonal mutations (Pearson r = -0.8183, p < 0.001), indicating that tumors with less genomic heterogeneity might induce a greater immune response. By IF staining and mutual correlation analysis, only M1 macrophages showed a significant positive correlation with local TCR clonality for epithelia, stroma, and total cell counts. Tumors were categorized according to the density of M1 macrophages, M1 macrophage infiltrated subtype was associated with favorable OS (p = 0.040 and 0.043) and its combination with the local TCR clonality improved prognosis stratification (p < 0.001). Finally, the scoring by local TCR clonality, RNF43/FBXW7/ARID2 mutations and M1 infiltration determined the best prognosis (p < 0.001). Conclusions: TCR profiles were associated with genomic alterations and may serve as a prognostic biomarker for GACs. A multi-omic model including TCR profiles might produce an improved stratification for treatments and outcomes.

scholarly journals Photothermal modulation of human stem cells using light-responsive 2D nanomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (24) ◽  
pp. 13329-13338
Author(s):  
James K. Carrow ◽  
Kanwar Abhay Singh ◽  
Manish K. Jaiswal ◽  
Adelina Ramirez ◽  
Giriraj Lokhande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Transcriptome ◽  
Stimulation Of

Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterials that are photoresponsive at near-infrared wavelengths (NIR). Here, we demonstrate the ability of 2D MoS2to modulate cellular functions of human stem cells through photothermal mechanisms. The interaction of MoS2and NIR stimulation of MoS2with human stem cells is investigated using whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Global gene expression profile of stem cells reveals significant influence of MoS2and NIR stimulation of MoS2on integrins, cellular migration, and wound healing. The combination of MoS2and NIR light may provide new approaches to regulate and direct these cellular functions for the purposes of regenerative medicine as well as cancer therapy.

Analysis of mRNAs and ncRNAs and Prediction Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in Colorectal Cancer Chemo-Resistance by Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yao ◽  
Chuanren Zhou ◽  
Qiyou Huang ◽  
Xiaoying Huang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Parental Cell ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

Abstract Background: Chemo-resistance is a major clinical obstacle to the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to modulate the development of chemo-resistance. However, the profiles of mRNAs and ncRNAs as well as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in CRC chemo-resistance are still unclear, and whether different drug resistance of CRC have the same mechanisms also needs to be explored. This study aims to uncover the expression of mRNAs and ncRNAs in parental cell lines and different chemo-resistant cell lines, and construct ceRNA regulatory networks by whole-transcriptome sequencing.Methods: The expression of mRNAs and ncRNAs in parental cell lines and drug-resistant cell lines were identified by whole-transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics methods.Results: A total of 1779 mRNAs, 64 miRNAs, 11 circRNAs and 295 lncRNAs were common differentially expressed in two different chemo-resistant cell lines when compared with the control. In addition, 5,767 lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA relationship pairs and 47 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathways were constructed according to ceRNA regulatory rules, in which AC109322.2-hsa-miR-371a-5p-BTNL3 and hsacirc_027876-hsa-miR-582-3p-FREM1 were identified as the most potential ceRNA networks involved in drug resistance to CRC. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of two ceRNA regulatory networks showed that the TNF signaling pathway may be crucial in the process of CRC drug resistance.Conclusions: A large number of mRNAs and ncRNAs in chemo-resistant cell lines were different expressed, which may play pivotal roles in development of drug resistance through the ceRNA regulatory network. This study may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and provide a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC chemo-resistance.

scholarly journals Whole-exome and whole-transcriptome sequencing of canine mammary gland tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka-Kyung Kim ◽  
Byung-Joon Seung ◽  
Dohyun Kim ◽  
Hee-Myung Park ◽  
Sejoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Mammary Gland Tumors ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Transcriptome ◽  
Canine Mammary Gland

Identification and Analysis of lncRNAs by Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing in Porcine Preadipocytes Induced by BMP2

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Sheng Li ◽  
Chengzhen Chen ◽  
Menglong Chai ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Bao Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
Whole Transcriptome ◽  
First Time

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can mediate the signaling of R-Smads and regulate different biological functions, including adipocyte differentiation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be involved in many important biological processes, including fat metabolism, as miRNA sponges. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of fat deposition and to provide useful information for the prevention and treatment of lipid-related diseases. lncRNA sequencing was performed to compare and analyze, for the first time, the expression of lncRNAs in BMP2-induced and non-BMP2-induced preadipocytes from Junmu1 pigs. In addition, functional annotation and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed lncRNA target genes were carried out. lncRNAs and mRNAs were compared and analyzed. lncRNAs were identified that may regulate adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. The results give a theoretical basis for further studies on fat deposition mechanisms and provide potential therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.

Abstract B93: Gene fusions detected by whole transcriptome sequencing of lung adenocarcinoma.

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kohno ◽  
Hitoshi Ichikawa ◽  
Yasushi Totoki ◽  
Kazuki Yasuda ◽  
Masaki Hiramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Gene Fusions ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Transcriptome
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