scholarly journals Hawthorn fruit extract reduced trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-exacerbated atherogenesis in mice via anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zouyan He ◽  
Erika Kwek ◽  
Wangjun Hao ◽  
Hanyue Zhu ◽  
Jianhui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Hawthorn Fruit

Abstract Background Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Consumption of hawthorn fruit is believed to be cardio-protective, yet whether it is able to suppress the TMAO-induced atherosclerosis remains unexplored. The present study was to investigate the effects of hawthorn fruit extract (HFE) on TMAO-exacerbated atherogenesis. Methods Five groups of male Apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE−/−) mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), a Western high-fat diet (WD), or one of the three WDs containing 0.2% TMAO (WD + TMAO), 0.2% TMAO plus 1% HFE (WD + TMAO + L-HFE), or 0.2% TMAO plus 2% HFE (WD + TMAO + H-HFE), respectively. After 12-weeks of intervention, plasma levels of TMAO, lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers, and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Atherosclerotic lesions in the thoracic aorta and aortic sinus were evaluated. The sterols and fatty acids in the liver and feces were extracted and measured. Hepatic expressions of inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. Results Dietary TMAO accelerated atherogenesis, exacerbated inflammation, and reduced antioxidant capacities in the plasma and the liver. TMAO promoted hepatic cholesterol accumulation by inhibiting fecal excretion of acidic sterols. HFE could dose-dependently reduce the TMAO-aggravated atherosclerosis and inflammation. HFE was also able to reverse the TMAO-induced reduction in antioxidant capacity by up-regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GSH-Px3), and catalase (CAT) in the liver. Moreover, the hepatic cholesterol content was lowered by HFE via enhanced fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols. Conclusions The present results indicated that HFE was able to reduce the TMAO-exacerbated atherogenesis by attenuating inflammation and improving antioxidant capacity at least in mice. Graphic abstract

Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation and Exercise Training on Erythrocyte Antioxidant Enzymes

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsh ◽  
Laursen ◽  
Coombes
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

Erythrocytes transport oxygen to tissues and exercise-induced oxidative stress increases erythrocyte damage and turnover. Increased use of antioxidant supplements may alter protective erythrocyte antioxidant mechanisms during training. Aim of study: To examine the effects of antioxidant supplementation (α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol) and/or endurance training on the antioxidant defenses of erythrocytes. Methods: Young male Wistar rats were assigned to (1) sedentary; (2) sedentary and antioxidant-supplemented; (3) endurance-trained; or (4) endurance-trained and antioxidant-supplemented groups for 14 weeks. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) activities, and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were then measured. Results: Antioxidant supplementation had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on activities of antioxidant enzymes in sedentary animals. Similarly, endurance training alone also had no effect (p > 0.05). GPX (125.9 ± 2.8 vs. 121.5 ± 3.0 U.gHb–1, p < 0.05) and CAT (6.1 ± 0.2 vs. 5.6 ± 0.2 U.mgHb–1, p < 0.05) activities were increased in supplemented trained animals compared to non-supplemented sedentary animals whereas SOD (61.8 ± 4.3 vs. 52.0 ± 5.2 U.mgHb–1, p < 0.05) activity was decreased. Plasma MDA was not different among groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In a rat model, the combination of exercise training and antioxidant supplementation increased antioxidant enzyme activities (GPX, CAT) compared with each individual intervention.

scholarly journals AB0048 ENZYMATIC PATTERN OF CIRCULATING PRO- AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1056.2-1057
Author(s):  
S. Bedina ◽  
E. Mozgovaya ◽  
A. Trofimenko ◽  
S. Spitsina ◽  
M. Mamus
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Low Disease Activity ◽  
Extracellular Traps

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic erosive arthritis and systemic organ involvement resulting in early disability and shorter life expectancy. Neutrophils are suggested to play a substantial role in the induction and promotion of autoimmune inflammation in RA. This ability can be based on newly discovered feature of neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during specific type cell death called NETosis. Hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the factors promoting NETs production. With this background, the study of pro- and antioxidant enzymatic activities in RA patients can be of great interest.Objectives:To assess plasma activities of essential prooxidant and antioxidant enzymes in RA patients.Methods:The research was carried out in agreement with the WMA Declaration of Helsinki principles. 71 RA patients (46 women and 25 men) were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis was verified using ACR/EULAR criteria (2010). RA activity was measured using the Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28). 30 healthy persons comprise control group. Plasma xanthine oxidase (XO; ЕС 1.17.3.2), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH; ЕС 1.17.1.4) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; ЕС 1.15.1.1) activities were measured using spectrophotometric technique. XO and XDG activities were expressed as nmol/ml/min, SOD activity – as units of action. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 6.0 software package. Differences were considered significant when p<0.05. Reference ranges were calculated as means ±2SD.Results:Mean age of patients was 43.2±3.6 years, mean RA duration was 11.9±2.6 years. 24 (33.8%) RA patients had low disease activity, and 6 (8.5%) patients had high one. Extra-articular manifestations were found in 30 (42.2%) patients. 30% of them had cardiovascular involvement, 23.3% – pulmonary lesions, and 23.3% had renal involvement. Reference ranges for XO, XDG, and SOD activities were 2.28-5.12 nmol/min/ml, 3,96-7,24 nmol/min/ml, and 3,13-6,58 units, respectively. We examined activities of these enzymes in circulation of RA patients with different patterns of clinical manifestations as well as relationship between RA activity and XO, XDG, and SOD activities. RA patients had increased both mean XO and mean SOD activities (p<0.001 for both enzymes). XO activity reached its highest values at maximum disease activity and overt extra-articular involvements, while SOD activity did it in moderate and high disease activities as well as in patients with joint manifestations. XDG activity was increased in low disease activity (р<0.001) and solely joint lesions (р=0.011), while moderate or high disease activities (р=0.008) and extra-articular involvements (р=0.025) were characterized by decreased activity of this enzyme.Conclusion:We have revealed substantial multidirectional changes of plasma XO and XDG activities in RA. Plasma enzymatic pattern in RA patients is characterized by activation of both oxidant and antioxidant metabolic pathways. Activities of XO and SOD were positively correlated with RA activity, while XDG activity was negative correlated with RA activity. The differences between selective articular RA type and RA form with extraarticular manifestations were also revealed. Changes in oxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities can be connected with anticitrulline autoimmunity in RA via production of citrulline-rich neutrophil extracellular traps, thus enhancing rheumatoid autoimmunity.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Effects of glutamine supplementation on oxidative stress-related gene expression and antioxidant properties in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 1112-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Hsuan Tsai ◽  
Jun-Jen Liu ◽  
Chui-Li Yeh ◽  
Wan-Chun Chiu ◽  
Sung-Ling Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Oxidative Stress Related Gene

There are close links among hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Glutamine (GLN) is an amino acid with immunomodulatory properties. The present study investigated the effect of dietary GLN on oxidative stress-relative gene expressions and tissue oxidative damage in diabetes. There were one normal control (NC) and two diabetic groups in the present study. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide followed by streptozotocin (STZ). Rats in the NC group were fed a regular chow diet. In the two diabetic groups, one group (diabetes mellitus, DM) was fed a common semi-purified diet while the other group received a diet in which part of the casein was replaced by GLN (DM-GLN). GLN provided 25 % of total amino acid N. The experimental groups were fed the respective diets for 8 weeks, and then the rats were killed for further analysis. The results showed that blood thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) mRNA expression in the diabetic groups was higher than that in the NC group. Compared with the DM group, the DM-GLN group had lower glutamine fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1, a receptor of advanced glycation end products, and Txnip gene expressions in blood mononuclear cells. The total antioxidant capacity was lower and antioxidant enzyme activities were altered by the diabetic condition. GLN supplementation increased antioxidant capacity and normalised antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, the renal nitrotyrosine level and Txnip mRNA expression were lower when GLN was administered. These results suggest that dietary GLN supplementation decreases oxidative stress-related gene expression, increases the antioxidant potential and may consequently attenuate renal oxidative damage in rats with STZ-induced diabetes.

The effects of desferrioxamine on cisplatininduced lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in rat kidneys

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kadikoylu ◽  
Z Bolaman ◽  
S Demir ◽  
M Balkaya ◽  
N Akalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Group V ◽  
Super Oxide Dismutase ◽  
Cervical Dislocation ◽  
Rat Kidneys

Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with an increase in lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radicals in rat kidneys. In this study, the effects of desferrioxamine were compared to vitamin C and E on cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rat kidneys. Rats were divided into five groups, with 15 Wistar rats in each group. In the control group, rats received 1 mL/100 g isotonic saline solution intraperitoneally (i.p.). In Group II, 10 mg/kg cisplatin i.p. was injected to rats. Thirty minutes before the same dosage of cisplatin administration, 100 mg/kg i.p. vitamin C or E was given to rats in groups III and IV, respectively. Rats in Group V received 250 mg/kg desferrioxamine i.p., before the same dose of cisplatin administration. All rats were killed by cervical dislocation after 72 hours. The kidneys were immediately removed and washed in cold saline. Spectrophotometric method was used for all analyses. While catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), and super oxide dismutase (SOD) levels were found to be significantly decreased (P B < 0.001), malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (P < 0.001) levels were significantly increased in the cisplatin group when compared to the controls. MDA levels were decreased by desferrioxamine (P < 0.005) as well as vitamin C and E (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). These three compounds induced a significant increase in SOD levels (P B < 0.05), but only in the vitamin C group, were SOD levels not significantly different than the levels of the controls (P > 0.05). In the desferrioxamine (P < 0.05), vitamin C and E groups (P < 0.001 for both), the cisplatin elevated H2O2 levels were decreased. None of these drugs had any effect on GR and catalase levels (P > 0.05). Desferrioxamine is useful to prevent cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation, however, vitamin C and E are more effective on antioxidant enzymes than desferrioxamine.

Cytokines increase rat lung antioxidant enzymes during exposure to hyperoxia

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. White ◽  
P. Ghezzi ◽  
S. McMahon ◽  
C. A. Dinarello ◽  
J. E. Repine
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Pretreatment with the combination of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF/C) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in lungs of rats continuously exposed to hyperoxia for 72 h, a time when all untreated rats had already died. Pretreatment with TNF/C and IL-1 also increased, albeit slightly, lung G6PDH and GR activities of rats exposed to hyperoxia for 4 or 16 h. By comparison, no differences occurred in lung antioxidant enzyme activities of TNF/C and IL-1- or saline-pretreated rats exposed to hyperoxia for 36 or 52 h; the latter is a time just before untreated rats began to succumb during exposure to hyperoxia. The results raise the possibility that TNF/C and IL-1 treatment can increase lung antioxidant enzyme activities and that increased lung antioxidant enzymes may contribute to the increased survival of TNF/C and IL-1-pretreated rats in hyperoxia for greater than 72 h.

scholarly journals Effect of the French Oak Wood Extract Robuvit on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Horvathova ◽  
Zuzana Orszaghova ◽  
Lucia Laubertova ◽  
Magdalena Vavakova ◽  
Peter Sabaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

We examinedin vitroantioxidant capacity of polyphenolic extract obtained from the wood of oakQuercus robur(QR), Robuvit, using TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) method and the effect of its intake on markers of oxidative stress, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and total antioxidant capacity in plasma of 20 healthy volunteers. Markers of oxidative damage to proteins, DNA, and lipids and activities of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the erythrocytes. We have found anin vitroantioxidant capacity of Robuvit of 6.37 micromole Trolox equivalent/mg of Robuvit. One month intake of Robuvit in daily dose of 300 mg has significantly decreased the serum level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and lipid peroxides (LP). Significantly increased activities of SOD and CAT as well as total antioxidant capacity of plasma after one month intake of Robuvit have been shown. In conclusion, we have demonstrated for the first time that the intake of Robuvit is associated with decrease of markers of oxidative stress and increase of activity of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity of plasmain vivo.

Abstract 330: Ezetimibe Prevents Atherogenesis Through Increased Catabolism and Fecal Excretion of LDL-cholesterol and Reduced Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation in Apolipoprotein E Knock-out Mice Fed a Paigen Diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Briand ◽  
Laurent Dumas ◽  
Alexis Broisat ◽  
Mitra Ahmadi ◽  
Sandrine Bacot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesteryl Oleate ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Paigen Diet ◽  
Apoe Ko Mice ◽  
Fecal Cholesterol

Background: Intestinal cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe (EZE) added to a statin therapy has demonstrated benefits in the IMPROVE-IT trial by further reducing LDL-cholesterol levels than statin therapy alone. We investigated the mechanisms by which EZE could contribute to cardiovascular events reduction in apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE ko) mice. Methods: ApoE ko mice were fed a Paigen diet without (control) or with EZE (7mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. To evaluate the effects of EZE on LDL-cholesterol metabolism and excretion, a first set of mice was injected intravenously with 3 H-cholesteryl oleate labeled human LDL. A second set of mice was used for in vivo SPECT/CT imaging of 99m Tc-cAbVCAM1-5, a single domain antibody directed against the Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), which was used as a marker of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. The same mice were sacrificed for autoradiography and histology of aortic atherosclerotic plaques. Results: Compared with control, EZE treatment for 6 weeks induced a significant 41% and 65% reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels and atherosclerotic plaque area, respectively. After injection of 3 H-cholesteryl oleate labeled human LDL, mice treated with EZE showed a 173% higher LDL-cholesteryl ester catabolism (p<0.001 vs. control). At time 96 hours after radiolabeled LDL injection, 3 H-tracer hepatic recovery was reduced by 61% with EZE (p<0.001). Meanwhile, LDL-derived 3 H-tracer excretion in the feces was increased by 107% in the fecal cholesterol fraction (p<0.001). Similar trends were observed for hepatic cholesterol levels and fecal cholesterol mass excretion, with a 75% reduction and 99% increase with EZE, respectively (both p<0.001). After intravenous injection of 99m Tc-cAbVCAM1-5, mice treated with EZE also showed a significant 52% reduction in aortic uptake, which was confirmed by significant reduction in tracer uptake in ex vivo biodistribution and autoradiography analysis. Conclusion: EZE promotes anti-atherosclerotic effects through increased LDL-cholesterol catabolism and LDL-derived cholesterol fecal excretion, and reduced inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. These mechanisms may contribute to the benefits of adding EZE to a statin therapy.

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