scholarly journals Circular RNAs: characteristics, biogenesis, mechanisms and functions in liver cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Shen ◽  
Boqiang Liu ◽  
Junjie Xu ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Transcription Regulators ◽  
Organ Specific Expression

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies globally. Despite aggressive and multimodal treatment regimens, the overall survival of HCC patients remains poor. Main Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with covalently closed structures and tissue- or organ-specific expression patterns in eukaryotes. They are highly stable and have important biological functions, including acting as microRNA sponges, protein scaffolds, transcription regulators, translation templates and interacting with RNA-binding protein. Recent advances have indicated that circRNAs present abnormal expression in HCC tissues and that their dysregulation contributes to HCC initiation and progression. Furthermore, researchers have revealed that some circRNAs might serve as diagnostic biomarkers or drug targets in clinical settings. In this review, we systematically evaluate the characteristics, biogenesis, mechanisms and functions of circRNAs in HCC and further discuss the current shortcomings and potential directions of prospective studies on liver cancer-related circRNAs. Conclusion CircRNAs are a novel class of ncRNAs that play a significant role in HCC initiation and progression, but their internal mechanisms and clinical applications need further investigation.

scholarly journals Impact of IL-1 signalling on experimental uveitis and arthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R Planck ◽  
April Woods ◽  
Jenna S Clowers ◽  
Martin J Nicklin ◽  
James T Rosenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Intraocular Injection ◽  
Inflammatory Eye Disease ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Organ Specific Expression

BackgroundUveitis, or inflammatory eye disease, is a common extra-articular manifestation of many systemic autoinflammatory diseases involving the joints. Anakinra (recombinant interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (Ra)) is an effective therapy in several arthritic diseases; yet, few studies have investigated the extent to which IL-1 signalling or IL-1Ra influences the onset and/or severity of uveitis.ObjectiveTo seek possible links between arthritis and uveitis pathogenesis related to IL-1 signalling.MethodsThe eyes of IL-1Ra-deficient BALB/c mice were monitored histologically and by intravital videomicroscopy to determine if uveitis developed along with the expected spontaneous arthritis in ankles and knees. Expression levels of IL-1R and its negative regulators (IL-1Ra, IL-1RII, IL-1RAcP and single Ig IL-1R-related molecule) in eye and joint tissues were compared. Differences in uveitis induced by intraocular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice lacking IL-1R or IL-1Ra were assessed.ResultsDeficiency in IL-1Ra predisposes to spontaneous arthritis, which is exacerbated by previous systemic LPS exposure. The eye, however, does not develop inflammatory disease despite the progressive arthritis or LPS exposure. Organ-specific expression patterns for IL-1Ra and negative regulators of IL-1 activity were observed that appear to predict predisposition to inflammation in each location in IL-1Ra knockout mice. The eye is extremely sensitive to locally administered LPS, and IL-1Ra deficiency markedly exacerbates the resulting uveitis.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that IL-1Ra plays an important role in suppressing local responses in eyes injected with LPS and that there is discordance between murine eyes and joints in the extent to which IL-1Ra protects against spontaneous inflammation.

scholarly journals A common molecular basis to the convergent evolution of the selfing syndrome in Capsella

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Joanna Woźniak ◽  
Christian Kappel ◽  
Cindy Marona ◽  
Lothar Altschmied ◽  
Barbara Neuffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Organ Specific Expression ◽  
Comparative Genetic Mapping ◽  
Selfing Syndrome

AbstractWhether, and to what extent, phenotypic evolution follows predictable genetic paths, remains an important question in evolutionary biology. Convergent evolution of similar characters provides a unique opportunity to address this question. The transition to selfing and the associated changes in flower morphology are among the most prominent examples of repeated evolution in plants. Yet, to date no studies have directly compared the extent of similarities between convergent adaptations to selfing. In this study, we take advantage of the independent transitions to self-fertilization in the genus Capsella to test the existence of genetic and developmental constraints imposed on flower evolution in the context of the selfing syndrome. While C. rubella and C. orientalis have emerged independently, both have evolved almost identical flower characters. Not only the evolutionary outcome is identical but, in both cases, the same developmental strategies underlie the convergent reduction of flower size. This has been associated with convergent evolution of gene-expression changes. The transcriptomic changes common to both selfing lineages are enriched in genes with low-network connectivity and with organ-specific expression patterns. Comparative genetic mapping also indicates that, at least in the case of petal size evolution, these similarities are largely caused by mutations at the same loci. Together, these results suggest that the limited availability of low-pleiotropy paths predetermine closely related species to similar evolutionary outcomes.

scholarly journals Functional Roles and Biological Mechanisms of Circular RNAs and Their Encoded Peptides in Glioma: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti ◽  
Sana Dadashi ◽  
Anahita Dah Pahlevan ◽  
Fatemeh Kafshresan
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a complicated class of non-coding RNAs that have a covalently closed loop structure and are very stable and cautious. Multiple biological processes of malignancy, including tumorigenesis, development, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and vascularization, are disrupted by an increased number of circRNAs. Recent research has showed that circRNAs, functioning as microRNA (miRNA) sponges or protein scaffolds, interacting with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and autophagy regulators, affect the transcription and splicing regulation. Many circRNAs have tissue-specific expression patterns and are heavily conserved. CircRNA levels in neurons are dynamically modulated. Growing evidence suggests that circRNAs are highly abundant in neural tissues, perhaps owing to the proliferation of particular genes that promote circularization, implying that circRNA dysregulation is linked to nervous system disorders including glioma. The most widespread and deadly primary malignant brain tumor is glioma. CircRNA has a close connection to glioma, according to reported research. Here, the current knowledge about the properties of circRNAs is introduced and the biological and molecular functions of circRNAs are described. Then, the clinical association of circRNAs with glioma/glioblastoma and their level of expression and their regulatory mechanisms in tumorigenesis are discussed. Moreover, the potential of circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and predictors of brain cancer risk and possible therapeutic targets in medicine is examined.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs in renal cell carcinoma: implications for tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yunjing Zhang ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Xianghui Fu ◽  
Weiqiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
New Treatments

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant kidney tumor and has a high incidence rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with widespread distribution and diverse cellular functions. They are highly stable and have organ- and tissue-specific expression patterns. CircRNAs have essential functions as microRNA sponges, RNA-binding protein- and transcriptional regulators, and protein translation templates. Recent reports have shown that circRNAs are abnormally expressed in RCC and act as important regulators of RCC carcinogenesis and progression. Moreover, circRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers for RCC diagnosis and prognosis and targets for developing new treatments. However, further studies are needed to better understand the functions of circRNAs in RCC. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent research progress on RCC-associated circRNAs, with a focus on their potential for RCC diagnosis and targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the BZR Transcription Factor Gene Family in Nicotiana benthamiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10379
Author(s):  
Xuwei Chen ◽  
Xinyang Wu ◽  
Shiyou Qiu ◽  
Hongying Zheng ◽  
Yuwen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Organ Specific Expression

Brassinazole-resistant (BZR) family genes encode plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), play essential roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, and have multiple stress-resistance functions. Nicotiana benthamiana is a model plant widely used in basic research. However, members of the BZR family in N. benthamiana have not been identified, and little is known about their function in abiotic stress. In this study, a total of 14 BZR members were identified in the N. benthamiana genome, which could be divided into four groups according to a phylogenetic tree. NbBZRs have similar exon-intron structures and conserved motifs, and may be regulated by cis-acting elements such as STRE, TCA, and ARE, etc. Organ-specific expression analysis showed that NbBZR members have different and diverse expression patterns in different tissues, and most of the members are expressed in roots, stems, and leaves. The analysis of the expression patterns in response to different abiotic stresses showed that all the tested NbBZR members showed a significant down-regulation after drought treatment. Many NbBZR genes also responded in various ways to cold, heat and salt stress treatments. The results imply that NbBZRs have multiple functions related to stress resistance.

Mass-Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Reveals Organ-Specific Expression Patterns To Be Used as Forensic Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Dammeier ◽  
Sven Nahnsen ◽  
Johannes Veit ◽  
Frank Wehner ◽  
Marius Ueffing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Organ Specific Expression

scholarly journals Regulation of dhurrin pathway gene expression during Sorghum bicolor development

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn M. Gleadow ◽  
Brian A. McKinley ◽  
Cecilia K. Blomstedt ◽  
Austin C. Lamb ◽  
Birger Lindberg Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Organ Specific Expression

Abstract Main conclusion Developmental and organ-specific expression of genes in dhurrin biosynthesis, bio-activation, and recycling offers dynamic metabolic responses optimizing growth and defence responses in Sorghum. Abstract Plant defence models evaluate the costs and benefits of resource investments at different stages in the life cycle. Poor understanding of the molecular regulation of defence deployment and remobilization hampers accuracy of the predictions. Cyanogenic glucosides, such as dhurrin are phytoanticipins that release hydrogen cyanide upon bio-activation. In this study, RNA-seq was used to investigate the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis, bio-activation and recycling of dhurrin in Sorghum bicolor. Genes involved in dhurrin biosynthesis were highly expressed in all young developing vegetative tissues (leaves, leaf sheath, roots, stems), tiller buds and imbibing seeds and showed gene specific peaks of expression in leaves during diel cycles. Genes involved in dhurrin bio-activation were expressed early in organ development with organ-specific expression patterns. Genes involved in recycling were expressed at similar levels in the different organ during development, although post-floral initiation when nutrients are remobilized for grain filling, expression of GSTL1 decreased > tenfold in leaves and NITB2 increased > tenfold in stems. Results are consistent with the establishment of a pre-emptive defence in young tissues and regulated recycling related to organ senescence and increased demand for nitrogen during grain filling. This detailed characterization of the transcriptional regulation of dhurrin biosynthesis, bioactivation and remobilization genes during organ and plant development will aid elucidation of gene regulatory networks and signalling pathways that modulate gene expression and dhurrin levels. In-depth knowledge of dhurrin metabolism could improve the yield, nitrogen use efficiency and stress resilience of Sorghum.

scholarly journals Current Understanding of Circular RNAs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjiang Liu ◽  
Yundong Zou ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Yundi Tang ◽  
Jianping Guo
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Systemic Lupus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common and potentially fatal autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs. To date, its etiology and pathogenesis remains elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loop structure. Growing evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs may play an essential role in regulation of gene expression and transcription by acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, impacting cell survival and proliferation by interacting with RNA binding proteins (RBPs), and strengthening mRNA stability by forming RNA-protein complexes duplex structures. The expression patterns of circRNAs exhibit tissue-specific and pathogenesis-related manner. CircRNAs have implicated in the development of multiple autoimmune diseases, including SLE. In this review, we summarize the characteristics, biogenesis, and potential functions of circRNAs, its impact on immune responses and highlight current understanding of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of SLE.

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