scholarly journals Deterministic transition of enterotypes shapes the infant gut microbiome at an early age

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Xiao ◽  
Jinfeng Wang ◽  
Jiayong Zheng ◽  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Fangqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Abstract Background The succession of the gut microbiota during the first few years plays a vital role in human development. We elucidate the characteristics and alternations of the infant gut microbiota to better understand the correlation between infant health and microbiota maturation. Results We collect 13,776 fecal samples or datasets from 1956 infants between 1 and 3 years of age, based on multi-population cohorts covering 17 countries. The characteristics of the gut microbiota are analyzed based on enterotype and an ecological model. Clinical information (n = 2287) is integrated to understand outcomes of different developmental patterns. Infants whose gut microbiota are dominated by Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium exhibit typical characteristics of early developmental stages, such as unstable community structure and low microbiome maturation, while those driven by Bacteroides and Prevotella are characterized by higher diversity and stronger connections in the gut microbial community. We further reveal a geography-related pattern in global populations. Through ecological modeling and functional analysis, we demonstrate that the transition of the gut microbiota from infants towards adults follows a deterministic pattern; as infants grow up, the dominance of Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium is replaced by that of Bacteroides and Prevotella, along with shifts in specific metabolic pathways. Conclusions By leveraging the extremely large datasets and enterotype-based microbiome analysis, we decipher the colonization and transition of the gut microbiota in infants from a new perspective. We further introduce an ecological model to estimate the tendency of enterotype transitions, and demonstrated that the transition of infant gut microbiota was deterministic and predictable.

scholarly journals Host development overwhelms environmental dispersal in governing the ecological succession of zebrafish gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanshu Xiao ◽  
Wengen Zhu ◽  
Yuhe Yu ◽  
Zhili He ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ecological Succession ◽  
Community Succession ◽  
Fish Gut ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Host Development ◽  
Microbial Community Succession

AbstractClarifying mechanisms underlying the ecological succession of gut microbiota is a central theme of gut ecology. Under experimental manipulations of zebrafish hatching and rearing environments, we test our core hypothesis that the host development will overwhelm environmental dispersal in governing fish gut microbial community succession due to host genetics, immunology, and gut nutrient niches. We find that zebrafish developmental stage substantially explains the gut microbial community succession, whereas the environmental effects do not significantly affect the gut microbiota succession from larvae to adult fish. The gut microbiotas of zebrafish are clearly separated according to fish developmental stages, and the degree of homogeneous selection governing gut microbiota succession is increasing with host development. This study advances our mechanistic understanding of the gut microbiota assembly and succession by integrating the host and environmental effects, which also provides new insights into the gut ecology of other aquatic animals.

A Computer-based Clinical Information System

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
S. S. El-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Hospital Information System ◽  
Clinical Information System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Computer Based

SummaryModern information technology offers new opportunities for the storage and manipulation of hospital information. A computer-based hospital information system, dedicated to urology and nephrology, was designed and developed in our center. It involves in principle the employment of a program that allows the analysis of non-restricted, non-codified texts for the retrieval and processing of clinical data and its operation by non-computer-specialized hospital staff.This Hospital Information System now plays a vital role in the efficient provision of a good quality service and is used in daily routine and research work in this hospital. This paper describes this specialized Hospital Information System.

scholarly journals PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3077
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Hao ◽  
Xiaolu Wang ◽  
Haomeng Yang ◽  
Tao Tu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals A Crosstalk between Diet, Microbiome and microRNA in Epigenetic Regulation of Colorectal Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2428
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Guz ◽  
Witold Jeleniewicz ◽  
Anna Malm ◽  
Izabela Korona-Glowniak
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

A still growing interest between human nutrition in relation to health and disease states can be observed. Dietary components shape the composition of microbiota colonizing our gastrointestinal tract which play a vital role in maintaining human health. There is a strong evidence that diet, gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence our epigenome, particularly through the modulation of microRNAs. These group of small non-coding RNAs maintain cellular homeostasis, however any changes leading to impaired expression of miRNAs contribute to the development of different pathologies, including neoplastic diseases. Imbalance of intestinal microbiota due to diet is primary associated with the development of colorectal cancer as well as other types of cancers. In the present work we summarize current knowledge with particular emphasis on diet-microbiota-miRNAs axis and its relation to the development of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Dissecting the Interplay Mechanism between Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota: Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6933
Author(s):  
Yuqi Wu ◽  
Chong-Zhi Wang ◽  
Jin-Yi Wan ◽  
Haiqiang Yao ◽  
Chun-Su Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Research Profile ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
New Perspective

The gut microbiota exists throughout the full life cycle of the human body, and it has been proven to have extensive impacts on health and disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the interplay between gut microbiota and host epigenetics plays a multifaceted role in health maintenance and disease prevention. Intestinal microflora, along with their metabolites, could regulate multiple epigenetic pathways; e.g., DNA methylation, miRNA, or histone modification. Moreover, epigenetic factors can serve as mediators to coordinate gut microbiota within the host. Aiming to dissect this interplay mechanism, the present review summarizes the research profile of gut microbiota and epigenetics in detail, and further interprets the biofunctions of this interplay, especially the regulation of intestinal inflammation, the improvement of metabolic disturbances, and the inhibition of colitis events. This review provides new insights into the interplay of epigenetics and gut microbiota, and attempts to reveal the mysteries of health maintenance and disease prevention from this new perspective.

scholarly journals The Microbiotic Highway to Health—New Perspective on Food Structure, Gut Microbiota, and Host Inflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Anette Sams
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Food Structure ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

This review provides evidence that not only the content of nutrients but indeed the structural organization of nutrients is a major determinant of human health. The gut microbiota provides nutrients for the host by digesting food structures otherwise indigestible by human enzymes, thereby simultaneously harvesting energy and delivering nutrients and metabolites for the nutritional and biological benefit of the host. Microbiota-derived nutrients, metabolites, and antigens promote the development and function of the host immune system both directly by activating cells of the adaptive and innate immune system and indirectly by sustaining release of monosaccharides, stimulating intestinal receptors and secreting gut hormones. Multiple indirect microbiota-dependent biological responses contribute to glucose homeostasis, which prevents hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory conditions. The composition and function of the gut microbiota vary between individuals and whereas dietary habits influence the gut microbiota, the gut microbiota influences both the nutritional and biological homeostasis of the host. A healthy gut microbiota requires the presence of beneficial microbiotic species as well as vital food structures to ensure appropriate feeding of the microbiota. This review focuses on the impact of plant-based food structures, the “fiber-encapsulated nutrient formulation”, and on the direct and indirect mechanisms by which the gut microbiota participate in host immune function.

Research provides clues as to how gut microbiota affect infant health

BMJ ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 346 (feb14 2) ◽  
pp. f1017-f1017
Author(s):  
B. Roehr
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Infant Health

scholarly journals Probiotic: An Uprising Human Health Concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amishi Bhatt ◽  
Dhyey Kothari ◽  
Charmy Kothari ◽  
Ramesh Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Most of our gut microbiota live with us in a mutually beneficial life-long relationship. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in the host’s overall health through its metabolic activities. Human microbiota might be supported by consuming friendly bacteria (probiotics) and consuming foods to improve the microbiota (prebiotics). During the last two decades, probiotics’ interest has increased with rising scientific shreds of evidence of benefits on human health. Hence, they have been exploited as various food products, mainly fermented foods. Probiotics as a treatment modality may restore normal microbiota and functioning of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Strong scientific evidence is associating these bacteria with the prevention and therapy of various GI disorders. (In light of the ongoing trend of probiotics, further research is needed to obtain the perspective of potential applications for better health. Probiotic applications have been extended from health applications to food and agricultural applications. The benefits of probiotics led to its applications in probiotic ‘health food’ industries and agricultural sectors.

Assessment of gut microbiota in different developmental stages of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 2977-2987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zaimin Mohd Nosi ◽  
Sharifah Noor Emilia Syed Jamil Fadaak ◽  
Muhd Danish Daniel Muhammad ◽  
Shumpei Iehata
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Developmental Stages

Impact of gut microbiota on immune system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Riazi-Rad ◽  
Ava Behrouzi ◽  
Hoora Mazaheri ◽  
Asal Katebi ◽  
Soheila Ajdary
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Environmental Antigens

AbstractThe commensal microflora collection known as microbiota has an essential role in maintaining the host's physiological homeostasis. The microbiota has a vital role in induction and regulation of local and systemic immune responses. On the other hand, the immune system involves maintaining microbiota compositions. Optimal microbiota-immune system cross-talk is essential for protective responses to pathogens and immune tolerance to self and harmless environmental antigens. Any change in this symbiotic relationship may cause susceptibility to diseases. The association of various cancers and auto-immune diseases with microbiota has been proven. Here we review the interaction of immune responses to gut microbiota, focusing on innate and adaptive immune system and disease susceptibility.

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