scholarly journals Coordination of consolidated bioprocessing technology and carbon dioxide fixation to produce malic acid directly from plant biomass in Myceliophthora thermophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingen Li ◽  
Bingchen Chen ◽  
Shuying Gu ◽  
Zhen Zhao ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Consolidated Bioprocessing ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Myceliophthora Thermophila ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Bulk Chemicals ◽  
Promising Strategy

Abstract Background Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) technique is a promising strategy for biorefinery construction, producing bulk chemicals directly from plant biomass without extra hydrolysis steps. Fixing and channeling CO2 into carbon metabolism for increased carbon efficiency in producing value-added compounds is another strategy for cost-effective bio-manufacturing. It has not been reported whether these two strategies can be combined in one microbial platform. Results In this study, using the cellulolytic thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila, we designed and constructed a novel biorefinery system DMCC (Direct microbial conversion of biomass with CO2 fixation) through incorporating two CO2 fixation modules, PYC module and Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) pathway. Harboring the both modules, the average rate of fixing and channeling 13CO2 into malic acid in strain CP51 achieved 44.4, 90.7, and 80.7 mg/L/h, on xylose, glucose, and cellulose, respectively. The corresponding titers of malic acid were up to 42.1, 70.4, and 70.1 g/L, respectively, representing the increases of 40%, 10%, and 7%, respectively, compared to the parental strain possessing only PYC module. The DMCC system was further improved by enhancing the pentose uptake ability. Using raw plant biomass as the feedstock, yield of malic acid produced by the DMCC system was up to 0.53 g/g, with 13C content of 0.44 mol/mol malic acid, suggesting DMCC system can produce 1 t of malic acid from 1.89 t of biomass and fix 0.14 t CO2 accordingly. Conclusions This study designed and constructed a novel biorefinery system named DMCC, which can convert raw plant biomass and CO2 into organic acid efficiently, presenting a promising strategy for cost-effective production of value-added compounds in biorefinery. The DMCC system is one of great options for realization of carbon neutral economy.

scholarly journals Dissecting cellobiose metabolic pathway and its application in biorefinery through consolidated bioprocessing in Myceliophthora thermophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingen Li ◽  
Shuying Gu ◽  
Zhen Zhao ◽  
Bingchen Chen ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Consolidated Bioprocessing ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Myceliophthora Thermophila ◽  
Final Strain ◽  
Cellobiose Metabolism ◽  
Cost Efficient

Abstract Background Lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source for industrial applications. The costs associated with conversion of plant biomass to fermentable sugar represent a significant barrier to the production of cost-competitive biochemicals. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is considered a potential breakthrough for achieving cost-efficient production of biomass-based fuels and commodity chemicals. During the degradation of cellulose, cellobiose (major end-product of cellulase activity) is catabolized by hydrolytic and phosphorolytic pathways in cellulolytic organisms. However, the details of the two intracellular cellobiose metabolism pathways in cellulolytic fungi remain to be uncovered. Results Using the engineered malic acid production fungal strain JG207, we demonstrated that the hydrolytic pathway by β-glucosidase and the phosphorolytic pathway by phosphorylase are both used for intracellular cellobiose metabolism in Myceliophthora thermophila, and the yield of malic acid can benefit from the energy advantages of phosphorolytic cleavage. There were obvious differences in regulation of the two cellobiose catabolic pathways depending on whether M. thermophila JG207 was grown on cellobiose or Avicel. Disruption of Mtcpp in strain JG207 led to decreased production of malic acid under cellobiose conditions, while expression levels of all three intracellular β-glucosidase genes were significantly up-regulated to rescue the impairment of the phosphorolytic pathway under Avicel conditions. When the flux of the hydrolytic pathway was reduced, we found that β-glucosidase encoded by bgl1 was the dominant enzyme in the hydrolytic pathway and deletion of bgl1 resulted in significant enhancement of protein secretion but reduction of malate production. Combining comprehensive manipulation of both cellobiose utilization pathways and enhancement of cellobiose uptake by overexpression of a cellobiose transporter, the final strain JG412Δbgl2Δbgl3 produced up to 101.2 g/L and 77.4 g/L malic acid from cellobiose and Avicel, respectively, which corresponded to respective yields of 1.35 g/g and 1.03 g/g, representing significant improvement over the starting strain JG207. Conclusions This is the first report of detailed investigation of intracellular cellobiose catabolism in cellulolytic fungus M. thermophila. These results provide insights that can be applied to industrial fungi for production of biofuels and biochemicals from cellobiose and cellulose.

scholarly journals Od rastlinske biomase do biogoriv in bio-surovin z mikrobnimi celičnimi tovarnami

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Maša VODOVNIK ◽  
Matevž ZLATNAR
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Consolidated Bioprocessing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Global energy demands and global warming represent key challenges of the future of human society. Continous renewable energy supply is key for sustainable economy development. Waste plant biomass represent abundant source of renewable energy that can be transformed to biofuels and other value-added products, which is currently limited due to the lack of cost-effective biocatalysts. The bottleneck of this process is the degradation of structural polysaccharides of plant cell walls to soluble compounds that can be fermented to solvents or transformed to biogas via methanogenesis and can be used as biofuels or chemical raw materials. In order to replace traditional physical and chemical methods of lignocellulose pretreatment with more environmentally friendly biological approaches, native microbial enzyme systems are increasingly being explored as potential biocatalysts that could be used in these processes. Microbial enzymes are useful either as catalysts in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses or as components incorporated in engineered microbes for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocelluloses. The unprecedented development of tools for genetic and metabolic engineering for a wide range of microorganisms enabled significant progress in the development of microbial cell factories optimized for the producton of biofuels. One of the most promising strategies aimed towards this goal, i.e. systematic design and heterologous expression of »designer cellulosomes« in industrial solventogenic strains is adressed in detail.</p>

scholarly journals Dihydroxyacetone valorization with high atom efficiency via controlling radical oxidation pathways over natural mineral-inspired catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinling Wang ◽  
Xingchao Dai ◽  
Hualin Wang ◽  
Honglai Liu ◽  
Jabor Rabeah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Isotopic Labeling ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Carbon Efficiency

AbstractDiminishing fossil fuel resources and calls for sustainability are driving the urgent need for efficient valorization of renewable resources with high atom efficiency. Inspired from the natural goethite mineral with Mn paragenesis, we develop cost-effective MnO2/goethite catalysts for the efficient valorization of dihydroxyacetone, an important biomass-based platform molecule, into value-added glycolic acid and formic acid with 83.2% and 93.4% yields. The DHA substrates first undergo C−C cleavage to selectively form glycolic acid and hydroxymethyl (·CH2OH) radicals, which are further oxidized into formic acid. The kinetic and isotopic labeling experiments reveal that the catalase-like activity of MnO2 turns the oxidative radicals into oxygen, which then switches towards a hydroxymethyl peroxide (HMOO) pathway for formic acid generation and prevents formic acid over-oxidation. This nature-inspired catalyst design not only significantly improves the carbon efficiency to 86.6%, but also enhances the oxygen atom utilization efficiency from 11.2% to 46.6%, indicating a promising biomass valorization process.

scholarly journals Multi-Country Scale Assessment of Available Energy Recovery Potential Using Micro-Hydropower in Drinking, Pressurised Irrigation and Wastewater Networks, Covering Part of the EU

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Djordje Mitrovic ◽  
Miguel Crespo Chacón ◽  
Aida Mérida García ◽  
Jorge García Morillo ◽  
Juan Antonio Rodríguez Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Water Networks ◽  
Scale Assessment

Studies have shown micro-hydropower (MHP) opportunities for energy recovery and CO2 reductions in the water sector. This paper conducts a large-scale assessment of this potential using a dataset amassed across six EU countries (Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Spain, and Portugal) for the drinking water, irrigation, and wastewater sectors. Extrapolating the collected data, the total annual MHP potential was estimated between 482.3 and 821.6 GWh, depending on the assumptions, divided among Ireland (15.5–32.2 GWh), Scotland (17.8–139.7 GWh), Northern Ireland (5.9–8.2 GWh), Wales (10.2–8.1 GWh), Spain (375.3–539.9 GWh), and Portugal (57.6–93.5 GWh) and distributed across the drinking water (43–67%), irrigation (51–30%), and wastewater (6–3%) sectors. The findings demonstrated reductions in energy consumption in water networks between 1.7 and 13.0%. Forty-five percent of the energy estimated from the analysed sites was associated with just 3% of their number, having a power output capacity >15 kW. This demonstrated that a significant proportion of energy could be exploited at a small number of sites, with a valuable contribution to net energy efficiency gains and CO2 emission reductions. This also demonstrates cost-effective, value-added, multi-country benefits to policy makers, establishing the case to incentivise MHP in water networks to help achieve the desired CO2 emissions reductions targets.

scholarly journals Consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose for production of glucaric acid by an artificial microbial consortium

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofeng Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Lin ◽  
Xing Ling ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Hao Fang
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Consolidated Bioprocessing ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Glucaric Acid ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Work Distribution ◽  
Rut C30

Abstract Background The biomanufacturing of d-glucaric acid has attracted increasing interest because it is one of the top value-added chemicals produced from biomass. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regarded as an excellent host for d-glucaric acid production. Results The opi1 gene was knocked out because of its negative regulation on myo-inositol synthesis, which is the limiting step of d-glucaric acid production by S. cerevisiae. We then constructed the biosynthesis pathway of d-glucaric acid in S. cerevisiae INVSc1 opi1Δ and obtained two engineered strains, LGA-1 and LGA-C, producing record-breaking titers of d-glucaric acid: 9.53 ± 0.46 g/L and 11.21 ± 0.63 g/L d-glucaric acid from 30 g/L glucose and 10.8 g/L myo-inositol in fed-batch fermentation mode, respectively. However, LGA-1 was preferable because of its genetic stability and its superior performance in practical applications. There have been no reports on d-glucaric acid production from lignocellulose. Therefore, the biorefinery processes, including separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) were investigated and compared. CBP using an artificial microbial consortium composed of Trichoderma reesei (T. reesei) Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae LGA-1 was found to have relatively high d-glucaric acid titers and yields after 7 d of fermentation, 0.54 ± 0.12 g/L d-glucaric acid from 15 g/L Avicel and 0.45 ± 0.06 g/L d-glucaric acid from 15 g/L steam-exploded corn stover (SECS), respectively. In an attempt to design the microbial consortium for more efficient CBP, the team consisting of T. reesei Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae LGA-1 was found to be the best, with excellent work distribution and collaboration. Conclusions Two engineered S. cerevisiae strains, LGA-1 and LGA-C, with high titers of d-glucaric acid were obtained. This indicated that S. cerevisiae INVSc1 is an excellent host for d-glucaric acid production. Lignocellulose is a preferable substrate over myo-inositol. SHF, SSF, and CBP were studied, and CBP using an artificial microbial consortium of T. reesei Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae LGA-1 was found to be promising because of its relatively high titer and yield. T. reesei Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae LGA-1were proven to be the best teammates for CBP. Further work should be done to improve the efficiency of this microbial consortium for d-glucaric acid production from lignocellulose.

scholarly journals Transforming biorefinery designs with ‘Plug-In Processes of Lignin’ to enable economic waste valorization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hua Liu ◽  
Naijia Hao ◽  
Yun-Yan Wang ◽  
Chang Dou ◽  
Furong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Waste Valorization ◽  
Lignin Valorization ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Synergistic Enhancement ◽  
Total Capital

AbstractBiological lignin valorization has emerged as a major solution for sustainable and cost-effective biorefineries. However, current biorefineries yield lignin with inadequate fractionation for bioconversion, yet substantial changes of these biorefinery designs to focus on lignin could jeopardize carbohydrate efficiency and increase capital costs. We resolve the dilemma by designing ‘plug-in processes of lignin’ with the integration of leading pretreatment technologies. Substantial improvement of lignin bioconversion and synergistic enhancement of carbohydrate processing are achieved by solubilizing lignin via lowering molecular weight and increasing hydrophilic groups, addressing the dilemma of lignin- or carbohydrate-first scenarios. The plug-in processes of lignin could enable minimum polyhydroxyalkanoate selling price at as low as $6.18/kg. The results highlight the potential to achieve commercial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates as a co-product of cellulosic ethanol. Here, we show that the plug-in processes of lignin could transform biorefinery design toward sustainability by promoting carbon efficiency and optimizing the total capital cost.

scholarly journals Optimisation of microalgal cultivation via nutrient-enhanced strategies: the biorefinery paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo M. Figueroa-Torres ◽  
Jon K. Pittman ◽  
Constantinos Theodoropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Microalgal Cultivation ◽  
Lipid Formation

Abstract Background The production of microalgal biofuels, despite their sustainable and renowned potential, is not yet cost-effective compared to current conventional fuel technologies. However, the biorefinery concept increases the prospects of microalgal biomass as an economically viable feedstock suitable for the co-production of multiple biofuels along with value-added chemicals. To integrate biofuels production within the framework of a microalgae biorefinery, it is not only necessary to exploit multi-product platforms, but also to identify optimal microalgal cultivation strategies maximising the microalgal metabolites from which biofuels are obtained: starch and lipids. Whilst nutrient limitation is widely known for increasing starch and lipid formation, this cultivation strategy can greatly reduce microalgal growth. This work presents an optimisation framework combining predictive modelling and experimental methodologies to effectively simulate and predict microalgal growth dynamics and identify optimal cultivation strategies. Results Microalgal cultivation strategies for maximised starch and lipid formation were successfully established by developing a multi-parametric kinetic model suitable for the prediction of mixotrophic microalgal growth dynamics co-limited by nitrogen and phosphorus. The model’s high predictive capacity was experimentally validated against various datasets obtained from laboratory-scale cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CCAP 11/32C subject to different initial nutrient regimes. The identified model-based optimal cultivation strategies were further validated experimentally and yielded significant increases in starch (+ 270%) and lipid (+ 74%) production against a non-optimised strategy. Conclusions The optimised microalgal cultivation scenarios for maximised starch and lipids, as identified by the kinetic model presented here, highlight the benefits of exploiting modelling frameworks as optimisation tools that facilitate the development and commercialisation of microalgae-to-fuel technologies.

Aligning the flow cytometric evaluation with the diagnostic need: an evidence-based approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 740-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Williams-Voorbeijtel ◽  
Francisco Sanchez ◽  
Christine G Roth
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
A Value ◽  
Screening Approach ◽  
Minimum Requirements

AimsElimination of non-value added testing without compromising high-quality clinical care is an important mandate for laboratories in a value-based reimbursement system. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal combination of flow cytometric markers for a screening approach that balances efficiency and accuracy.MethodsAn audit over 9 months of flow cytometric testing was performed, including rereview of all dot plots from positive cases.ResultsOf the 807 cases in which leukaemia/lymphoma testing was performed, 23 were non-diagnostic and 189 represented bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Of the remaining 595 cases, 137 (23%) were positive for an abnormal haematolymphoid population. Review of the positive cases identified minimum requirements for a screening tube as well as analysis strategies to overcome the diagnostic pitfalls noted. It is estimated that 38% fewer antibodies would be used in a screening approach, representing an opportunity for significant cost savings.ConclusionsWe provide a framework for developing an evidence-based screening combination for cost-effective characterisation of haematolymphoid malignancies, promoting adoption of ‘just-in-time’ testing systems that tailor the evaluation to the diagnostic need.

Processing and Value Addition of Bamboo Shoots for Utilization as Food Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Pandey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Bamboo Shoots ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Edible Products

Bamboo shoots being low in fat, high in dietary fiber and rich in mineral contents have been consumed traditionally by the people world over. Besides nutrients it also contains some anti-nutrients e.g. cyanogens. Due to seasonal availability of bamboo shoots, processing for reducing anti-nutrients in raw shoots while keeping nutrients intact and enhancement of shelf life of the value added products assume great significance for its utilization. This paper focuses on post harvest processing and value addition of bamboo shoots for its utilization as food products. Juvenile bamboo shoots of Bambusa bambos, B. tulda, Dendrocalamus asper and D. strictus were collected and processed, by boiling in brine solution, to remove the anti-nutrients (cyanogen). A simple, efficient and cost effective processing method for bamboo shoots was developed. This method significantly reduces the amount of cyanogens and retains considerable amount of nutrients and thus may be utilized for processing of bamboo shoots. Different value added edible products viz. chunks or bari (by adding pulses), pickle, sauce and papad (by adding potato) were prepared. All products were good in taste and texture. Nutritional analysis was done to determine the shelf life of the products. The nutrient content of processed products (chunks, sauce, pickle and papad) showed a gradual decrease and need to be consumed within 6 months from the date of making. However, in case of papad the carbohydrate content did not decrease much but the taste was not acceptable after 8 months. Whereas, in case of pickles, even nutrient content decreased but the product was acceptable even after two years after preparation as it was good in taste and texture. Thus, processing and value addition practices can be considered as key to the future of sustainable management of bamboo resources because they not only provide quality edible products but also enable harvesters/collectors to get better income opportunities.

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