scholarly journals Do early life factors affect the development of knee osteoarthritis in later life: a narrative review

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Antony ◽  
Graeme Jones ◽  
Xingzhong Jin ◽  
Changhai Ding
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Early Life Factors

What role for the ‘long arm of childhood’ in social gradients in health? An international comparison of high-income contexts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Haas ◽  
Zhangjun Zhou ◽  
Katsuya Oi
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
High Income ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Early Life Factors

Social gradients in health have been a focus of research for decades. Two important lines of social gradient research have examined (1) international variation in their magnitude and (2) their life course / developmental antecedents. The present study brings these two strands together to explore the developmental origins of educational gradients in health. We leverage data spanning 14 high-income contexts from the Health and Retirement Study and its sisters in Europe. We find that early-life health and socio-economic status consistently attenuate educational gradients in multimorbidity and functional limitation. However, the relative contribution of early-life factors to gradients varies substantially across contexts. The results suggest that research on social gradients, and population health broadly, would benefit from the unique insights available from a conceptual and empirical approach that integrates comparative and life course perspectives.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>The magnitude of educational gradients in later life health depend, in part, on childhood health and socioeconomic circumstances.</li><br /><li>The role of early life factors in educational gradients in health varies substantially across high income contexts.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Personality and Other Lifelong Influences on Older–Age Health and Wellbeing: Preliminary Findings in Two Scottish Samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew A. Harris ◽  
Caroline E. Brett ◽  
John M. Starr ◽  
Ian J. Deary ◽  
Wendy Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Early Life Factors

Recent observations that personality traits are related to later–life health and wellbeing have inspired considerable interest in exploring the mechanisms involved. Other factors, such as cognitive ability and education, also show longitudinal influences on health and wellbeing, but it is not yet clear how all these early–life factors together contribute to later–life health and wellbeing. In this preliminary study, we assessed hypothesised relations among these variables across the life course, using structural equation modelling in a sample assessed on dependability (a personality trait related to conscientiousness) in childhood, cognitive ability and social class in childhood and older age, education, and health and subjective wellbeing in older age. Our models indicated that both health and subjective wellbeing in older age were influenced by childhood IQ and social class, via education. Some older–age personality traits mediated the effects of early–life variables, on subjective wellbeing in particular, but childhood dependability did not show significant associations. Our results therefore did not provide evidence that childhood dependability promotes older–age health and wellbeing, but did highlight the importance of other early–life factors, particularly characteristics that contribute to educational attainment. Further, personality in later life may mediate the effects of early–life factors on health and subjective wellbeing. © 2016 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Early Life Factors Predictive of Weight Status in 2 Year-Olds

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 977-977
Author(s):  
Andrew Dinsmoor ◽  
Anna Arthur ◽  
Barbara Fiese ◽  
Naiman Khan ◽  
Sharon Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Early Life Factors

Abstract Objectives The extent to which early life factors predict weight status by age two is unclear. This study elucidated early life factors predictive of BMI-for-age z-score (MN24 BMI) in 2-year-olds in the ongoing STRONG Kids 2 longitudinal study. Methods At registration, 6 weeks, 3, 12, 18, and 24 months, parents (N = 126) completed online surveys (questions derived from CDC Infant Feeding Practices questionnaire, Short Form of the MOS Health survey, and Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire (Ages 2–7; Nutrition Quest) for diet MN21–24). Height and weight were collected at home visits. Child BMI-for age z-scores were based on WHO growth standards, and dietary patterns at MN24 were derived by principal component analysis (PCA). Mode of delivery (i.e., vaginal or caesarean), timing of introduction to solids, dietary patterns, child's BMI z-score and feeding methods (i.e., exclusive formula or breastfeeding, or both), and maternal weight were obtained. Multiple regression modelling determined the explanatory power of these factors on MN24 BMI. Results Modelling revealed a significant regression equation (P &lt; .001), with an R2 of .359. MN12 BMI-for-age z-score (MN12 BMI) (β = .555, P &lt; .001) explained 31.2% of the variance in MN24 BMI. Child feeding method at MN3 (β = –.218, P = .003) accounted for 4.7% of the variance in MN24 BMI. Conclusions Children with a greater MN12 BMI have a higher MN24 BMI, while those who undergo breastfeeding at MN3 have a lower MN24 BMI. Future studies will expand on these findings by examining if the predictive power of these early life factors on BMI persists in later life. Funding Sources Grants from the National Dairy Council to Sharon Donovan and Barbara H. Fiese (CoPI's), and the Gerber Foundation and NIH R01 DK107561 to Sharon Donovan.

scholarly journals Early Life Factors and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Jiang ◽  
Huijie Ma ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Early Life Factors

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease, and its aetiology involves a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. In recent years, evidences from both human and animal experiments have correlated early life factors with programming diabetes risk in adult life. Fetal and neonatal period is crucial for organ development. Many maternal factors during pregnancy may increase the risk of diabetes of offsprings in later life, which include malnutrition, healthy (hyperglycemia and obesity), behavior (smoking, drinking, and junk food diet), hormone administration, and even stress. In neonates, catch-up growth, lactation, glucocorticoids administration, and stress have all been found to increase the risk of insulin resistance or T2DM. Unfavorable environments (socioeconomic situation and famine) or obesity also has long-term negative effects on children by causing increased susceptibility to T2DM in adults. We also address the potential mechanisms that may underlie the developmental programming of T2DM. Therefore, it might be possible to prevent or delay the risk for T2DM by improving pre- and/or postnatal factors.

scholarly journals Early life risk factors for cerebrovascular disease

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 976-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen V. Backhouse ◽  
Caroline A. McHutchison ◽  
Vera Cvoro ◽  
Susan D. Shenkin ◽  
Joanna M. Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Early Life ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Subclinical Cvd

Objective:Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) causes subclinical brain vascular lesions detected using neuroimaging and childhood factors may increase later CVD risk.Methods:We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, and meta-analyzed all available evidence on childhood (premorbid) IQ, socioeconomic status (SES), education, and subclinical CVD in later life. Overall odds ratios (OR), mean difference or correlation, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects methods.Results:We identified 30 relevant studies (n = 22,890). Lower childhood IQ and lower childhood SES were associated with more white matter hyperintensities (WMH) (IQ: n = 1,512, r = −0.07, 95% CI −0.12 to −0.02, p = 0.007; SES: n = 243, deep WMH r = −0.18, periventricular WMH r = −0.146). Fewer years of education were associated with several CVD markers (n = 15,439, OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31, p = 0.003). No studies assessed early life factors combined.Conclusions:Childhood IQ, SES, and education are associated with increased risk of CVD on neuroimaging in later life. Further studies are required to provide further evidence and thereby inform policy.

scholarly journals Early life modifiable risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambrish Singh ◽  
Graeme Jones ◽  
Changhai Ding ◽  
Tania Winzenberg ◽  
Flavia Cicuttini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Knee Oa

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of OA which affects knee joints and there is currently no disease-modifying treatment available for OA. Therefore, an ideal strategy to prevent the development of OA is to identify and intervene at the modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of OA. Early-life factors such as obesity and malalignment may affect the mechanical aspect of the knee (i.e. alterations in normal knee kinematics) and could be the risk factor for the development of knee OA in later life. Identifying early-life (gestational factors, congenital defects, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood) factors which affect the development of knee OA in later stages of the life may help to develop targeted prevention programs in early-life itself to prevent the development of knee OA. Hence, this systematic review protocol provides the method to be used to comprehensively summarise the existing evidence on early life modifiable risk factors associated with the development and progression of knee OA.

scholarly journals Childhood socio-economic circumstances, cognitive function and education and later-life economic activity: linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 to administrative data

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-79
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Iveson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Early Life Factors

As the population ages, older adults are expected to work for longer into the life course. However, older adults experience particular problems staying economically active, even prior to reaching statutory retirement. Recent work has suggested that economic activity in midlife can be predicted by the far-reaching effects of early life, such as childhood socio-economic circumstances, cognitive ability and education. The present study investigates whether these same early-life factors predict the odds of being economically active much later in life, from age 55 to age 75. We capitalise on data linkage conducted between a subsample of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 cohort and the Scottish Longitudinal Study, which includes three waves of national census data (1991, 2001 and 2011). The structural association between early-life factors and later-life economic activity was assessed using latent growth curve analyses conducted for males and females separately. In both males and females, the odds of being economically active decreased non-linearly across the 20-year follow-up period. For males, greater odds of being economically active at age 55 were predicted by higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment. For females, greater odds of being economically active at age 55 were predicted by higher childhood socio-economic status and higher childhood cognitive ability. In contrast, early-life factors did not predict the odds of becoming inactive over the 20-year follow-up period. We suggest that early-life advantage may contribute to the capacity for work in later life, but that it does not necessarily protect from subsequent decline in this capacity.

Influence of Early Life Factors on Jail Detention of African Americans As Adults

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Spann ◽  
Negar Fani ◽  
Bekh Bradley ◽  
Kerry Ressler
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Factors

scholarly journals Early Origins of Body Mass in Later Life: Examining Childhood Risks and Adult Pathways

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652110054
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Mustillo ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
Patricia Morton ◽  
Kenneth F. Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Nationally Representative

Prior research reveals that negative early-life experiences play a major role in the development of obesity in later life, but few studies identify mechanisms that alter the lifetime risk of obesity. This study examines the influence of negative childhood experiences on body mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI ≥30) during older adulthood and the psychosocial and behavioral pathways involved. Using a nationally representative sample, we examine the influence of cumulative misfortune as well as five separate domains of misfortune on BMI and obesity. Results show that four of the five domains are associated with BMI and obesity either directly, indirectly, or both. The influence of cumulative misfortune on the outcomes is mediated by three adult factors: socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. The mediators identified here provide targets for intervention among older adults to help offset the health risks of excess BMI attributable of early-life exposure to misfortune.

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