scholarly journals Early Life Factors Predictive of Weight Status in 2 Year-Olds

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 977-977
Author(s):  
Andrew Dinsmoor ◽  
Anna Arthur ◽  
Barbara Fiese ◽  
Naiman Khan ◽  
Sharon Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Early Life Factors

Abstract Objectives The extent to which early life factors predict weight status by age two is unclear. This study elucidated early life factors predictive of BMI-for-age z-score (MN24 BMI) in 2-year-olds in the ongoing STRONG Kids 2 longitudinal study. Methods At registration, 6 weeks, 3, 12, 18, and 24 months, parents (N = 126) completed online surveys (questions derived from CDC Infant Feeding Practices questionnaire, Short Form of the MOS Health survey, and Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire (Ages 2–7; Nutrition Quest) for diet MN21–24). Height and weight were collected at home visits. Child BMI-for age z-scores were based on WHO growth standards, and dietary patterns at MN24 were derived by principal component analysis (PCA). Mode of delivery (i.e., vaginal or caesarean), timing of introduction to solids, dietary patterns, child's BMI z-score and feeding methods (i.e., exclusive formula or breastfeeding, or both), and maternal weight were obtained. Multiple regression modelling determined the explanatory power of these factors on MN24 BMI. Results Modelling revealed a significant regression equation (P < .001), with an R2 of .359. MN12 BMI-for-age z-score (MN12 BMI) (β = .555, P < .001) explained 31.2% of the variance in MN24 BMI. Child feeding method at MN3 (β = –.218, P = .003) accounted for 4.7% of the variance in MN24 BMI. Conclusions Children with a greater MN12 BMI have a higher MN24 BMI, while those who undergo breastfeeding at MN3 have a lower MN24 BMI. Future studies will expand on these findings by examining if the predictive power of these early life factors on BMI persists in later life. Funding Sources Grants from the National Dairy Council to Sharon Donovan and Barbara H. Fiese (CoPI's), and the Gerber Foundation and NIH R01 DK107561 to Sharon Donovan.

What role for the ‘long arm of childhood’ in social gradients in health? An international comparison of high-income contexts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Haas ◽  
Zhangjun Zhou ◽  
Katsuya Oi
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
High Income ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Early Life Factors

Social gradients in health have been a focus of research for decades. Two important lines of social gradient research have examined (1) international variation in their magnitude and (2) their life course / developmental antecedents. The present study brings these two strands together to explore the developmental origins of educational gradients in health. We leverage data spanning 14 high-income contexts from the Health and Retirement Study and its sisters in Europe. We find that early-life health and socio-economic status consistently attenuate educational gradients in multimorbidity and functional limitation. However, the relative contribution of early-life factors to gradients varies substantially across contexts. The results suggest that research on social gradients, and population health broadly, would benefit from the unique insights available from a conceptual and empirical approach that integrates comparative and life course perspectives.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>The magnitude of educational gradients in later life health depend, in part, on childhood health and socioeconomic circumstances.</li><br /><li>The role of early life factors in educational gradients in health varies substantially across high income contexts.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Personality and Other Lifelong Influences on Older–Age Health and Wellbeing: Preliminary Findings in Two Scottish Samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew A. Harris ◽  
Caroline E. Brett ◽  
John M. Starr ◽  
Ian J. Deary ◽  
Wendy Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Early Life Factors

Recent observations that personality traits are related to later–life health and wellbeing have inspired considerable interest in exploring the mechanisms involved. Other factors, such as cognitive ability and education, also show longitudinal influences on health and wellbeing, but it is not yet clear how all these early–life factors together contribute to later–life health and wellbeing. In this preliminary study, we assessed hypothesised relations among these variables across the life course, using structural equation modelling in a sample assessed on dependability (a personality trait related to conscientiousness) in childhood, cognitive ability and social class in childhood and older age, education, and health and subjective wellbeing in older age. Our models indicated that both health and subjective wellbeing in older age were influenced by childhood IQ and social class, via education. Some older–age personality traits mediated the effects of early–life variables, on subjective wellbeing in particular, but childhood dependability did not show significant associations. Our results therefore did not provide evidence that childhood dependability promotes older–age health and wellbeing, but did highlight the importance of other early–life factors, particularly characteristics that contribute to educational attainment. Further, personality in later life may mediate the effects of early–life factors on health and subjective wellbeing. © 2016 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals A good start in life is important—perinatal factors dictate early microbiota development and longer term maturation

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-781
Author(s):  
Shaopu Wang ◽  
Muireann Egan ◽  
C Anthony Ryan ◽  
Patrick Boyaval ◽  
Eugene M Dempsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Clinical Consequences

ABSTRACT Maternal health status is vital for the development of the offspring of humans, including physiological health and psychological functions. The complex and diverse microbial ecosystem residing within humans contributes critically to these intergenerational impacts. Perinatal factors, including maternal nutrition, antibiotic use and maternal stress, alter the maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy, which can be transmitted to the offspring. In addition, gestational age at birth and mode of delivery are indicated frequently to modulate the acquisition and development of gut microbiota in early life. The early-life gut microbiota engages in a range of host biological processes, particularly immunity, cognitive neurodevelopment and metabolism. The perturbed early-life gut microbiota increases the risk for disease in early and later life, highlighting the importance of understanding relationships of perinatal factors with early-life microbial composition and functions. In this review, we present an overview of the crucial perinatal factors and summarise updated knowledge of early-life microbiota, as well as how the perinatal factors shape gut microbiota in short and long terms. We further discuss the clinical consequences of perturbations of early-life gut microbiota and potential therapeutic interventions with probiotics/live biotherapeutics.

scholarly journals Early Life Factors and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Jiang ◽  
Huijie Ma ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Early Life Factors

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease, and its aetiology involves a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. In recent years, evidences from both human and animal experiments have correlated early life factors with programming diabetes risk in adult life. Fetal and neonatal period is crucial for organ development. Many maternal factors during pregnancy may increase the risk of diabetes of offsprings in later life, which include malnutrition, healthy (hyperglycemia and obesity), behavior (smoking, drinking, and junk food diet), hormone administration, and even stress. In neonates, catch-up growth, lactation, glucocorticoids administration, and stress have all been found to increase the risk of insulin resistance or T2DM. Unfavorable environments (socioeconomic situation and famine) or obesity also has long-term negative effects on children by causing increased susceptibility to T2DM in adults. We also address the potential mechanisms that may underlie the developmental programming of T2DM. Therefore, it might be possible to prevent or delay the risk for T2DM by improving pre- and/or postnatal factors.

scholarly journals Early life risk factors for cerebrovascular disease

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 976-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen V. Backhouse ◽  
Caroline A. McHutchison ◽  
Vera Cvoro ◽  
Susan D. Shenkin ◽  
Joanna M. Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Early Life ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Subclinical Cvd

Objective:Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) causes subclinical brain vascular lesions detected using neuroimaging and childhood factors may increase later CVD risk.Methods:We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, and meta-analyzed all available evidence on childhood (premorbid) IQ, socioeconomic status (SES), education, and subclinical CVD in later life. Overall odds ratios (OR), mean difference or correlation, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects methods.Results:We identified 30 relevant studies (n = 22,890). Lower childhood IQ and lower childhood SES were associated with more white matter hyperintensities (WMH) (IQ: n = 1,512, r = −0.07, 95% CI −0.12 to −0.02, p = 0.007; SES: n = 243, deep WMH r = −0.18, periventricular WMH r = −0.146). Fewer years of education were associated with several CVD markers (n = 15,439, OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31, p = 0.003). No studies assessed early life factors combined.Conclusions:Childhood IQ, SES, and education are associated with increased risk of CVD on neuroimaging in later life. Further studies are required to provide further evidence and thereby inform policy.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural risk factors for ultra-processed food consumption in a sample of 2–9-year-olds in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Amaral Mais ◽  
Sarah Warkentin ◽  
Juliana Bergamo Vega ◽  
Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre ◽  
Susan Carnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to identify food patterns among 2–9-year-olds and investigate sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural predictors of less healthy dietary patterns.DesignCross-sectional study. Parents of 2–9-year-olds completed an FFQ and factor analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. Parents also completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural characteristics of parents and children, including parental feeding practices.SettingParticipants were recruited from private schools of Campinas and São Paulo, SP, Brazil, between April and June 2014.SubjectsParents of 2–9-year-olds (n 929).ResultsTwo dietary patterns emerged: ‘traditional food’ and ‘ultra-processed food’. Lower maternal education (OR=2·05, P=0·010) and higher maternal weight status (OR=1·43, P=0·044) were associated with a greater likelihood of the ultra-processed food pattern. Lower perceived parental responsibility for adequacy of food group intake (OR=2·41, P=0·020), and lower scores on the parental feeding practices of ‘Healthy Eating Guidance’ (OR=1·83, P<0·001) and ‘Monitoring’ (OR=2·52, P<0·001), were also associated with the presence of this pattern, as was higher child’s screen use during mealtimes (OR=1·61, P=0·004).ConclusionsThe present study is the first to evaluate associations between less healthy dietary patterns of Brazilian 2–9-year-olds and parental feeding practices. Our findings highlight sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural factors within families that could be used to target tailored policies to at-risk populations.

scholarly journals Early life factors in relation to albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C and creatinine in adults from a Swedish population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agne Laucyte-Cibulskiene ◽  
Shantanu Sharma ◽  
Anders Christensson ◽  
Peter M. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
Lower Egfr ◽  
Early Life Factors

Abstract Background Early life factors influence the number of nephrons a person starts life with and a consequence of that is believed to be premature kidney ageing. Thus, we aimed to identify early life factors associated with cystatin C and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rate equations and urine -albumin-to-creatinine ratio after a follow-up of 46–67 years. Methods The study included 593 Swedish subjects without diabetes mellitus from the Malmo Diet Cancer Cohort. Perinatal data records including birth weight, gestational age, placenta weight and maternal related risk factors were analysed. eGFR was determined by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI), the Lund-Malmö revised and Caucasian, Asian, Paediatric, and Adult (CAPA) equations. Postnatal growth phenotypes were defined as low (≤ 0) or high (> 0) birth weight z-score, or low (≤ median) or high (> median) body mass index at 20 years of age. Results In women, lower birth weight was associated with lower eGFR (CAPA; CKD-EPI cystatin C). Birth weight z-score predicted adult albuminuria specifically in men (OR 0.75, 95% CI [0.58; 0.96]). Women with high birth weight z-score and low BMI at 20 years had lower eGFR (CAPA; CKD-EPI cystatin C; p = 0.04). Men with high birth weight z-score and high BMI at 20 years had lower risk for albuminuria (OR 0.35, 95% CI [0.12; 0.93]). Conclusions Lower birth weight, prematurity and postnatal growth curve have a potential sex- specific effect of early exposure to an adverse environment on lower cystatin C-based eGFR and albuminuria later in life. Cystatin C compared to creatinine -eGFR equations shows a higher ability to detect these findings. Graphic abstract

Associations between appetitive traits, dietary patterns and weight status of children attending the School Kids Intervention Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Rati Jani ◽  
Cathy K Agarwal ◽  
Pip Golley ◽  
Nicola Shanyar ◽  
Kimberley Mallan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Background: The nexus between appetitive traits, dietary patterns and weight status has predominantly been studied in a mixed sample (healthy weight, overweight and obese sample). Aim: This cross-sectional study examined associations between overweight/obese children’s appetitive traits, dietary patterns and weight status. Methods: We studied children ( N = 58, body mass index z-score: 2.25±0.46), 4–12 years attending the School Kids Intervention Program. Children’s appetitive traits and dietary patterns were measured with the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and Children’s Dietary Questionnaire, respectively. Children’s height and weight were used to compute body mass index z-score; waist circumference was also measured and waist-to-height ratio was calculated. Results: After controlling for children’s age and gender, hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that lower scores for slowness in eating were associated with higher body mass index z-scores in children (β = −0.31, p = 0.01). Higher scores for emotional overeating were associated with higher waist-to-height ratio in children (β = 0.48, p = 0.01). Higher scores for fussiness were correlated with lower scores for fruits and vegetables (β = −0.59, p < 0.001) and higher scores for non-core foods (β = 0.26, p = 0.04). Conclusion: Results observed in the current sample of overweight and obese children are consistent with previous studies examining healthy-weight children. Slowness in eating may foster an obesity ‘protective’ effect, whereas emotional overeating may promote susceptibility to weight gain. Fussy eating may impair diet quality by lower consumption of vegetables and fruits and higher intake of non-core foods. This evidence will support dietitians to consider children’s appetitive traits when providing dietary consultation to support obesity management among overweight/obese children.

scholarly journals Childhood socio-economic circumstances, cognitive function and education and later-life economic activity: linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 to administrative data

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-79
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Iveson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Early Life Factors

As the population ages, older adults are expected to work for longer into the life course. However, older adults experience particular problems staying economically active, even prior to reaching statutory retirement. Recent work has suggested that economic activity in midlife can be predicted by the far-reaching effects of early life, such as childhood socio-economic circumstances, cognitive ability and education. The present study investigates whether these same early-life factors predict the odds of being economically active much later in life, from age 55 to age 75. We capitalise on data linkage conducted between a subsample of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 cohort and the Scottish Longitudinal Study, which includes three waves of national census data (1991, 2001 and 2011). The structural association between early-life factors and later-life economic activity was assessed using latent growth curve analyses conducted for males and females separately. In both males and females, the odds of being economically active decreased non-linearly across the 20-year follow-up period. For males, greater odds of being economically active at age 55 were predicted by higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment. For females, greater odds of being economically active at age 55 were predicted by higher childhood socio-economic status and higher childhood cognitive ability. In contrast, early-life factors did not predict the odds of becoming inactive over the 20-year follow-up period. We suggest that early-life advantage may contribute to the capacity for work in later life, but that it does not necessarily protect from subsequent decline in this capacity.

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