scholarly journals Postural orientation, what to expect in youth athletes? A cohort study on data from the Malmö Youth Sport Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Ryman Augustsson ◽  
Jenny Nae ◽  
Magnus Karlsson ◽  
Tomas Peterson ◽  
Per Wollmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Postural Orientation ◽  
Sport Type

Abstract Background Studies investigating postural orientation in uninjured youth athletes are scarce. Understanding how postural orientation during functional performance tests change with age in uninjured athletes has the potential to enhance awareness of changes in performance after injury and to set realistic goals for injured athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore postural orientation during functional tasks at early adolescence, and changes in postural orientation from early to middle adolescence and relate this to sex, type of sport and right leg lean body mass (RLLBM). Methods In this cohort study 144 (38% female) youth athletes (mean age 13.5 years, SD 0.3) were included at baseline and 86 of these at follow up 2 years later. Four functional performance tests were visually evaluated for Postural Orientation Errors (POEs) with an ordinal scale, ranging from 0 (good) to 2 (poor), yielding a maximum total POE score of 51, and RLLBM by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Improvements were observed in the total POE score from baseline to follow-up, median difference − 10 and − 7 (p < 0.001) for female and male athletes, respectively. At follow-up, female athletes had lower total POE score (median 18) than males (median 24) (p = 0.01). There were no differences in POE scores between sports type (team, individual, aesthetic) (p = 0.20–0.98) and no relationship between total POE score and RLLBM (rs = 0.09, p = 0.42). Conclusions POEs appear to be quite common in young athletic population, but improvements are achieved over time. At mid-adolescence, female athletes seem to have less POEs than males. Neither sport type nor RLLBM seem to influence postural orientation.

The Outcomes of Two Knee Scoring Questionnaires in a Normal Population

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Demirdjian ◽  
Scott G. Petrie ◽  
Carlos A. Guanche ◽  
Kevin A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Subjects

The Noyes and Lysholm knee scoring questionnaires, commonly used for follow-up assessment after knee surgery, were developed based on knees with preexisting pathologic changes and have not been standardized to normal knees. We administered both questionnaires to normal subjects. Any subject reporting a history of injury or surgery to either knee, or preexisting knee pathologic changes, was excluded. From a total of 492 knees evaluated, 418 knees (253 male, 165 female) qualified for statistical analysis. The average age of the group was 17.6 years (range, 13 to 25). For male subjects, the total Noyes and Lysholm scores averaged 99.10 (range, 68 to 100) and 99.10 (range, 77 to 100), respectively. For female subjects, the average Noyes and Lysholm scores were 97.82 (range, 72 to 100) and 97.16 (range, 75 to 100), respectively. The 95% confidence interval computed for each of these groups did not contain the maximal value of 100. The female athletes reported significantly lower total scores than the male athletes on both questionnaires. For the Lysholm questionnaire, the male athletes scored significantly lower than the maximum in all categories except support and stair climbing, and the female athletes scored significantly lower than the maximum in all categories except limp and thigh atrophy. The range of scores found in this highly selected, “normal” population exemplifies the need for more accurate instruments in the evaluation of knee surgical outcomes.

scholarly journals The Knowledge and The Hydration Status of Junior Martial Art Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Ajeng Sindi Tirtasari ◽  
Kunjung Ashadi
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of fluids in the body during training for youth athletes of martial arts. The research method uses descriptive quantitative. Data collection techniques were obtained from urine tests, interviews, and multiple choice questions on 10 athletes consisting of five male athletes and five female athletes of martial art with a maximum age criteria of 18 years. Data analysis techniques used mean, standard deviation, percentage, graph, normality, and different test Paired Sample T Test to find out the difference in the mean. Athletes' knowledge of hydration was in the moderate category and there was a significant difference (Sig. <0.05) in the average hydration before and after training by the Madiun Regency martial art athletes.  

Low Bone Mineral Density in Male Athletes Is Associated With Bone Stress Injuries at Anatomic Sites With Greater Trabecular Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Tenforde ◽  
Allyson L. Parziale ◽  
Kristin L. Popp ◽  
Kathryn E. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Bone Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
History Of

Background: While sports participation is often associated with health benefits, a subset of athletes may develop impaired bone health. Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are a common overuse injury in athletes; site of injury has been shown to relate to underlying bone health in female athletes. Hypothesis/Purpose: This case series characterizes the association of type of sports participation and anatomic site of BSIs with low bone mineral density (BMD), defined as BMD Z-score <–1.0. Similar to female athletes, it was hypothesized that male athletes who participate in running and sustain BSIs in sites of higher trabecular bone content would be more likely to have low BMD. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Chart review identified 28 male athletes aged 14 to 36 years with history of ≥1 lower-extremity BSI who were referred for evaluation of overall bone health, including assessment of lumbar spine, hip, and/or total body less head BMD per dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. BMD Z-scores were determined via age, sex, and ethnicity normative values. Prior BSIs were classified by anatomic site of injury into trabecular-rich locations (pelvis, femoral neck, and calcaneus) and cortical-rich locations (tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsal and tarsal navicular). Sport type and laboratory values were also assessed in relationship to BMD. The association of low BMD to anatomic site of BSI and sport were evaluated with P value <.05 as threshold of significance. Results: Of 28 athletes, 12 (43%) met criteria for low BMD. Athletes with a history of trabecular-rich BSIs had a 4.6-fold increased risk for low BMD as compared with those with only cortical-rich BSIs (9 of 11 vs 3 of 17, P = .002). Within sport type, runners had a 6.1-fold increased risk for low BMD versus nonrunners (11 of 18 vs 1 of 10, P = .016). Laboratory values, including 25-hydroxy vitamin D, were not associated with BMD or BSI location. Conclusion: Low BMD was identified in 43% of male athletes in this series. Athletes participating in sports of running and with a history of trabecular-rich BSI were at increased risk for low BMD.

scholarly journals Functional performance and safety of bone-anchored prostheses in persons with a transfemoral or transtibial amputation: a prospective one-year follow-up cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud A Leijendekkers ◽  
Gerben van Hinte ◽  
Jan Paul Frölke ◽  
Hendrik van de Meent ◽  
Femke Atsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Dual Cone ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Timed Up And Go

Objectives: (1) To compare level of function, activity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and satisfaction in persons with a lower extremity amputation before surgery and 6- and 12-months after implantation of an osseointegration implant and (2) to report adverse events. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University medical centre. Subjects: A total of 40 consecutive persons (median age: 56 years) who received a transfemoral (31) or transtibial (9) osseointegration implant, between April 2014 and March 2016. Intervention: Osseointegration implant surgery followed by a predefined rehabilitation programme. Main measures: Hip abductor strength, prosthetic use, back pain frequency, postoperative pain, mobility level (Timed-Up and Go (TUG) and wheelchair-boundedness), walking ability (6 minute walking test (6MWT) and walking distance in daily life), HRQoL, satisfaction regarding the prosthesis, and adverse events. Results: Strength, prosthetic use, walking distance, HRQoL, and satisfaction level increased significantly at 6- and 12-month follow-up compared to baseline ( P ⩽ 0.002). The TUG showed no change at 6-month follow-up ( P = 0.420) but improved significantly at 12-month follow-up compared to baseline ( P = 0.005). Wheelchair-boundedness decreased from 12/40 participants at baseline to 0 at follow-ups. The 6MWT ( P ⩾ 0.038) and back pain ( P ⩾ 0.437) did not change over time. Stump pain was present in 28/39 and 22/40 of the participants at 6-and 12-month follow-up, respectively. The major adverse events were managed successfully and included three dual-cone breakages and four bone fractures. An uneventful course was completed by 19/31 transfemoral and 4/9 transtibial bone-anchored prostheses users. Conclusion: Bone-anchored prostheses lead to improved performance and appear to be safe, so they might be considered for persons with socket-related problems.

scholarly journals Colchicine to Weather the Cytokine Storm in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Brunetti ◽  
Oumou Diawara ◽  
Andrew Tsai ◽  
Bonnie L. Firestein ◽  
Ronald G. Nahass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Matched Cohort Study

The repurposing of colchicine for the treatment of COVID-19 was suggested based in its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties. We performed a single-center propensity score matched cohort study, including all consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a community hospital between 1 March 2020 and 30 May 2020. Patients were stratified according to the receipt of colchicine. The primary endpoint was defined as in-hospital death within 28-days follow-up. Secondary endpoints included favorable change in the Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement on days 14 and 28 versus baseline, proportion of patients not requiring supplemental oxygen on days 14 and 28, and proportion of patients discharged by day 28. In total data for 303 PCR positive COVID-19 patients were extracted and 66 patients were included in the 1:1 matched cohort study. At the end of the 28 day follow-up, patients receiving colchicine were approximately five times more likely to be discharged (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–20.1; p = 0.023) and when comparing mortality, there were 3 deaths (9.1%) in patients receiving colchicine versus 11 deaths (33.3%) in the groups receiving standard of care (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.80; p = 0.023). These observations warrant further investigation in large controlled clinical trials.

scholarly journals PEDI-CHAMP© AGILITY TEST VARIES BY AGE, GENDER AND SPORT SPECIALIZATION IN YOUTH ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0014
Author(s):  
Kirsten Tulchin-Francis ◽  
Sophia Ulman
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
High Level ◽  
Composite Scores

Background: The Pediatric Comprehensive High-Level Activity Mobility Predictor (Pedi-CHAMP©) is a 4-part agility test aimed to assess functional performance in children with and without sports medicine injuries or orthopedic conditions. The Pedi-CHAMP© assesses bilateral single limb balance, lateral agility, directional changes, and acceleration/deceleration. Hypothesis/Purpose: To determine if the Pedi-CHAMP component (Single-Limb-Stance [SLS], modified Edgren Side Step [mESS], L-Test, Illinois Agility Test [IAT]) and composite scores are stratified based on age, sex, and sport-type/specialization in youth athletes. Methods: Youth athletes were recruited to complete the Pedi-CHAMP© either as an independent test or as part of larger battery of tests (Specialized Athlete Functional Evaluation [SAFE] Program). Completion times for each test component were converted to points using age-sex matched scoring algorithms. Each participant also answered questions to determine specialization in organized sports (defined as competition with a referee, umpire, etc.). Kruskal-Wallis was used to assess differences based on age groups (elementary [E, 5-9yrs], preteen [PT, 10-12yrs], early teen [ET, 13-15yrs], late teen/young adult [LT, 16-22yrs]), with Mann-Whitney U pairwise post-hoc comparisons (α<0.05). Independent Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess differences based on sex, sport type (low vs high impact) and specialization (single vs multi-sport) within each age group. Results: A total of 251 youth athletes (134 females, age 13.7±3.3yrs; BMI 20.9±5.9) completed Pedi-CHAMP© testing. Significant differences were seen with the Pedi-CHAMP© component and composite scores between all ages ( p<0.001, Table 1), however, there were no differences between ET and LT groups for the SLS or mESS. When assessing age and sex, elementary-aged girls demonstrated improved SLS balance ( p=0.017), and mESS scores were higher in preteen boys compared to girls ( p=0.022). However, all 3 agility components (mESS, L-Test, IAT) and the Pedi-CHAMP© composite scores were significantly higher in boys compared to girls for the ET and LT groups. When accounting for age, there were no differences in single-sport vs. multi-sport athletes. ET and LT low-impact athletes scored lower on the L-test compared to high-impact athletes. Conclusion: The Pedi-CHAMP© was able to detect differences based on age, sex and sport impact-type (low- vs. high-impact). Performance improves with age for the L-Test and IAT, however, no differences in SLS and mESS were seen between younger and older teens which may indicate a ceiling effect for these two components. Further research should focus on correlating the Pedi-CHAMP© to other performance measures in youth athletes. Tables/Figures: [Table: see text][Table: see text]

scholarly journals “What’s my risk of sustaining an ACL injury while playing sports?” A systematic review with meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (16) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M Montalvo ◽  
Daniel K Schneider ◽  
Laura Yut ◽  
Kate E Webster ◽  
Bruce Beynnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Participation Level

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence proportion (IP) and incidence rate (IR) for ACL injury in athletes.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysisData sourcesThe PubMed, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched from inception to 20 January 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies were included if they reported total number of participants/population by sex, total number of ACL injuries by sex and total person-time by sex.ResultsFifty-eight studies were included. The IP and IR of ACL injury in female athletes were 3.5% (1 out of every 29 athletes) and 1.5/10 000 athlete-exposures over a period of 1 season-25 years. The IP and IR of ACL injury in male athletes were 2.0% (1 out of every 50 athletes) and 0.9/10 000 athlete-exposures over a period of 1–25 years. Female athletes had a higher relative risk (RR) for ACL injury compared with males (RR=1.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.9; P<0.01) and a higher incidence rate ratio (IRR) of ACL injury compared with males over 1 season–25 years (IRR=1.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.2; P<0.010). When accounting for participation level, the disparity in the IR between female and male athletes was highest for amateur athletes compared with intermediate and elite athletes (IRR=2.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.4; P<0.01; I²=82%). Amateur female athletes remained at higher risk of ACL injury than did with amateur male athletes. In studies where follow-up length was <1 year, female athletes had a higher IR of ACL injury than did to males (IRR=1.7; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.2; P<0.01). Where follow-up was 1 year and beyond, there was no sex difference in the IR of ACL injury (IRR=2.1; 95% CI 0.9 to 4.8; P=0.06; I²=65%).Summary/conclusionsOne in 29 female athletes and 1 in 50 male athletes ruptured their ACL in a window that spanned from 1season to 25 years. The IR of ACL injury among female athletes in a season was 1.7 times higher than the IR of ACL injury among male athletes and the IP of ACL injury among female athletes was 1.5 times higher than the IP of ACL injury among male athletes. The reported sex disparity in ACL injury rates is independent of participation level and length of follow-up.

“Coaching Girls”: A Content Analysis of Best-Selling Popular Press Coaching Books

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. LaVoi ◽  
Erin Becker ◽  
Heather D. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Sport Media ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Self Help

Given the lack of nationalized and required coach education programs for those involved with youth sports, self-help coaching books are a common source of knowledge. With the exception of critiques of young adult sports fiction (Kane, 1998; Kreigh & Kane, 1997), sport media research has lacked investigation of mediums that impact non-elite youth athletes and adolescent girls, and youth coaches and parents of young female athletes. The purpose of this study is to examine ‘coaching girls’ books–specifically how differences between female and male athletes are constructed. A content analysis was performed on selective chapters within a criterion sampling of six best-selling, self-help ‘coaching girls’ books. Results indicate coaching girls books are written from a perspective of inflated gender difference, and represent a simplified, stereo-typed account of coaching girls. Four first-order themes emerged from analysis: Problematizing Coaching Girls, Girls Constructed As “Other,” Ambivalence, and Sustaining the Gender Binary. Implications of these themes are discussed.

scholarly journals Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in Sport: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Injury Incidence by Sex and Sport Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M. Montalvo ◽  
Daniel K. Schneider ◽  
Kate E. Webster ◽  
Laura Yut ◽  
Marc T. Galloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Objective To evaluate sex differences in incidence rates (IRs) of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury by sport type (collision, contact, limited contact, and noncontact). Data Sources A systematic review was performed using the electronic databases PubMed (1969–January 20, 2017) and EBSCOhost (CINAHL, SPORTDiscus; 1969–January 20, 2017) and the search terms anterior cruciate ligament AND injury AND (incidence OR prevalence OR epidemiology). Study Selection Studies were included if they provided the number of ACL injuries and the number of athlete-exposures (AEs) by sex or enough information to allow the number of ACL injuries by sex to be calculated. Studies were excluded if they were analyses of previously reported data or were not written in English. Data Extraction Data on sport classification, number of ACL injuries by sex, person-time in AEs for each sex, year of publication, sport, sport type, and level of play were extracted for analysis. Data Synthesis We conducted IR and IR ratio (IRR) meta-analyses, weighted for study size and calculated. Female and male athletes had similar ACL injury IRs for the following sport types: collision (2.10/10 000 versus 1.12/10 000 AEs, IRR = 1.14, P = .63), limited contact (0.71/10 000 versus 0.29/10 000 AEs, IRR = 1.21, P = .77), and noncontact (0.36/10 000 versus 0.21/10 000 AEs, IRR = 1.49, P = .22) sports. For contact sports, female athletes had a greater risk of injury than male athletes did (1.88/10 000 versus 0.87/10 000 AEs, IRR = 3.00, P &lt; .001). Gymnastics and obstacle-course races were outliers with respect to IR, so we created a sport category of fixed-object, high-impact rotational landing (HIRL). For this sport type, female athletes had a greater risk of ACL injury than male athletes did (4.80/10 000 versus 1.75/10 000 AEs, IRR = 5.51, P &lt; .001), and the overall IRs of ACL injury were greater than all IRs in all other sport categories. Conclusions Fixed-object HIRL sports had the highest IRs of ACL injury for both sexes. Female athletes were at greater risk of ACL injury than male athletes in contact and fixed-object HIRL sports.

Patient-Reported Outcome Scores and Rate of Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: A Sex-Based Comparison in Professional and Collegiate Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110398
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Glein ◽  
Andrew E. Jimenez ◽  
Kara B. Miecznikowski ◽  
Benjamin R. Saks ◽  
Hari K. Ankem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Patient Reported

Background: No studies have compared outcomes and return to sport (RTS) after hip arthroscopic surgery between matched groups of male and female athletes with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Purpose: (1) To report minimum 2-year postoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores and the RTS rate for elite female athletes undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and (2) to compare clinical results with a matched control group of elite male athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data on all consecutive female athletes who underwent primary hip arthroscopic surgery performed at our institution between March 2009 and July 2018 were collected. Patients were eligible if they underwent hip arthroscopic surgery for labral tears or FAI and participated in collegiate or professional athletics within 1 year of surgery. Minimum 2-year postoperative PRO scores were collected for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score–Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain as well as RTS status. The percentages of patients achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state were recorded. These patients were matched to elite male athletes for comparison. Results: A total of 73 female hips were included, with a mean follow-up of 65.1 ± 27.9 months. They demonstrated a significant improvement from preoperatively to latest follow-up on the mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and VAS ( P < .05). When outcomes were compared with a control group of male athletes, female athletes demonstrated lower preoperative scores, similar postoperative scores, and a significantly greater magnitude of improvement (delta value) on the mHHS, NAHS, and VAS. Female athletes also achieved the MCID at higher rates than did male athletes for the HOS-SSS (85.1% vs 70.0%, respectively; P = .035) and NAHS (79.1% vs 62.9%, respectively; P = .037). RTS rates among patients who attempted were similar between the 2 groups (female: 75.4%; male: 83.1%; P = .409). Conclusion: Elite female athletes undergoing primary hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI demonstrated a significant improvement in PRO scores and a high RTS rate. Female athletes exhibited a greater improvement in PRO scores (mHHS, NAHS, VAS) and achieved the MCID (HOS-SSS, NAHS) at higher rates compared with a control group of male athletes.

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