scholarly journals IrGO: Iranian traditional medicine General Ontology and knowledge base

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayeh Naghizadeh ◽  
Mahdi Salamat ◽  
Donya Hamzeian ◽  
Shaghayegh Akbari ◽  
Hossein Rezaeizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Ontology Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
General Ontology

Abstract Background Iranian traditional medicine, also known as Persian Medicine, is a holistic school of medicine with a long prolific history. It describes numerous concepts and the relationships between them. However, no unified language system has been proposed for the concepts of this medicine up to the present time. Considering the extensive terminology in the numerous textbooks written by the scholars over centuries, comprehending the totality of concepts is obviously a very challenging task. To resolve this issue, overcome the obstacles, and code the concepts in a reusable manner, constructing an ontology of the concepts of Iranian traditional medicine seems a necessity. Construction and content Makhzan al-Advieh, an encyclopedia of materia medica compiled by Mohammad Hossein Aghili Khorasani, was selected as the resource to create an ontology of the concepts used to describe medicinal substances. The steps followed to accomplish this task included (1) compiling the list of classes via examination of textbooks, and text mining the resource followed by manual review to ensure comprehensiveness of extracted terms; (2) arranging the classes in a taxonomy; (3) determining object and data properties; (4) specifying annotation properties including ID, labels (English and Persian), alternative terms, and definitions (English and Persian); (5) ontology evaluation. The ontology was created using Protégé with adherence to the principles of ontology development provided by the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) foundry. Utility and discussion The ontology was finalized with inclusion of 3521 classes, 15 properties, and 20,903 axioms in the Iranian traditional medicine General Ontology (IrGO) database, freely available at http://ir-go.net/. An indented list and an interactive graph view using WebVOWL were used to visualize the ontology. All classes were linked to their instances in UNaProd database to create a knowledge base of ITM materia medica. Conclusion We constructed an ontology-based knowledge base of ITM concepts in the domain of materia medica to help offer a shared and common understanding of this concept, enable reuse of the knowledge, and make the assumptions explicit. This ontology will aid Persian medicine practitioners in clinical decision-making to select drugs. Extending IrGO will bridge the gap between traditional and conventional schools of medicine, helping guide future research in the process of drug discovery.

scholarly journals Revisiting Temperaments with a Fine-Tuned Categorization Using Iranian Traditional Medicine General Ontology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayeh Naghizadeh ◽  
Donya Hamzeheian ◽  
Shaghayegh Akbari ◽  
Hossein Rezaeizadeh ◽  
Mahdi Alizadeh Vaghasloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Biomedical Ontology ◽  
Ontology Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽  
General Ontology

Background: Iranian traditional medicine is a holistic school of medicine with a long prolific history. It describes numerous concepts and the relationships between them. However, no unified terminology has been proposed for the concepts of this medicine up to the present time. Considering the extensive use of concepts in the numerous textbooks written by the scholars over centuries, comprehending the totality of the terminology is obviously a very challenging task. To resolve this issue and overcome the obstacles, and code the concepts in a reusable manner, constructing an ontology of the concepts of Iranian traditional medicine seems a necessity.Methods: Makhzan al-Advieh, an encyclopedia of materia medica compiled by Mohammad Hossein Aghili Khorasani, was selected as the resource to create an ontology of Mizaj. The steps followed to accomplish this task included (1) compiling the list of classes for Mizaj; (2) arranging the classes in taxonomy; (3) determining object properties and their cardinalities; (4) specifying annotation properties including codes, labels, synonyms, and definitions for each concept; (5) reviewing the fields pertaining to Mizaj of all monographs in Makhzan al-Advieh. The ontology was created using Protégé with adherence to the principles of ontology development provided by the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) foundry. Results: Mizaj ontology was constructed with a final inclusion of 105 classes, three object properties, and 1078 axioms in the Iranian Traditional Medicine General Ontology database, IrGO, freely available at http://jafarilab.com/irgo/. An indented tree view and an interactive graph view using WebVOWL were used to visualize the ontology. All classes were linked to their instances in the UNaProd database to create a knowledge-base of Mizaj. Conclusion: We constructed an ontology-based knowledge base of ITM concepts of Mizaj in the domain of materia medica to help offer a shared and common understanding of this concept, enable reuse of the knowledge, and make the assumptions explicit. Extending IrGO will bridge the gap between traditional and conventional schools of medicine and help guide future research on new treatment options.

scholarly journals UNaProd: A Universal Natural Product Database for Materia Medica of Iranian Traditional Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ayeh Naghizadeh ◽  
Donya Hamzeheian ◽  
Shaghayegh Akbari ◽  
Fahimeh Mohammadi ◽  
Tohid Otoufat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medicinal Substances

Background. Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) is a holistic medical system that uses a wide range of medicinal substances to treat disease. Reorganization and standardization of the data on ITM concepts is a necessity for optimal use of this rich source. In an initial step towards this goal, we created a database of ITM materia medica. Main Body. Primarily based on Makhzan al-Advieh, which is the most recent encyclopedia of materia medica in ITM with the largest number of monographs, a database of natural medicinal substances was created using both text mining methods and manual editing. UNaProd, a Universal Natural Product database for materia medica of ITM, is currently host to 2696 monographs, from herbal to animal to mineral compounds in 16 diverse attributes such as origin and scientific name. Currently, systems biology, and more precisely systems medicine and pharmacology, can be an aid in providing rationalizations for many traditional medicines and elucidating a great deal of knowledge they can offer to guide future research in medicine. Conclusions. A database of materia medica is a stepping stone in creating a systems pharmacology platform of ITM that encompasses the relationships between the drugs, their targets, and diseases. UNaProd is hyperlinked to IrGO and CMAUP databases for Mizaj and molecular features, respectively, and it is freely available at http://jafarilab.com/unaprod/.

scholarly journals Challenges in treatment of renal echinococcosis with gross hydatiduria and unsalvageable kidney: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameera Shuaibi ◽  
Abdelrahman AlAshqar ◽  
Munirah Alabdulhadi ◽  
Wasl Al-Adsani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Grape Skin

Abstract Introduction Renal echinococcosis is of rare occurrence, and although often asymptomatic, it can present with various mild to drastic presentations, of which hydatiduria is pathognomonic. Diagnosis can be preliminarily established by imaging, and treatment is primarily surgical. We present a patient with renal echinococcosis treated successfully with exclusive antiparasitic pharmacotherapy after refusing surgery despite extensive renal involvement. We hope through this report to help establish future solid guidelines regarding this uncommon therapeutic approach. Case presentation This is a case of a 49-year-old Syrian shepherd presenting with flank pain and passage of grape-skin-like structures in urine. A diagnosis of renal echinococcosis with hydatiduria and significant parenchymal destruction was established based on exposure history, positive serology, imaging findings, and renal scintigraphy. After proper counseling, the patient refused nephrectomy and was therefore started on dual pharmacotherapy (albendazole and praziquantel) and is having an uneventful follow-up and a satisfactory response to treatment. Conclusion This case embodies the daily challenges physicians navigate as they uphold the ethical principles of their practice and support their patients’ autonomy while delivering the best standards of care and consulting the scientific evidence. Although surgery is the cornerstone of renal echinococcosis treatment, treating physicians should be prepared to tackle situations where surgery cannot be done and offer the best next available option for patients who refuse surgery. As data on exclusive pharmacotherapy are limited, future research should thoroughly investigate the efficacy of this uncommon approach and outline reliable recommendations, facilitating future clinical decision-making in this avenue.

Evaluating Diagnostic Tests

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Douglass
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Efficacy Parameters ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

The presentations at this conference will discuss new technologies and rapid scientific developments that have resulted in new diagnostic tests for periodontal disease, musculoskeletal imaging, temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, and incipient coronal and root dental caries. However, for many of these claims, there has been insufficient scientific support regarding the sensitivity and specificity of the tests, or their ability to predict the percent of cases in which the disease or condition progresses to the next state of development. Research is needed that will yield the basic diagnostic parameters of new diagnostic tests, i.e., their accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The purpose and methods for calculating each of these measures are described in this paper. Five questions are then presented that will need to be addressed in future research regarding new diagnostic tests: (1) Does the scientific theory of the test fit with our current body of knowledge? (2) Have the efficacy parameters of the test been reliably determined? (3) How does the test affect clinical decision-making? (4) Does using the test improve the patient's health? and (5) Is the added expense of the test justified by increased effectiveness or by avoiding other health expenditures?

scholarly journals The experiences of family members witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative: An adapted meta-narrative literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Pettifer ◽  
Katherine Froggatt ◽  
Sean Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

Background:Addressing the concerns of family members is an important aspect of palliative and end-of-life care. One aspect that commonly causes family caregivers concern is the decline of patients’ oral fluid intake in the last few days of life.Aim:To map the narratives in which family members’ experiences of witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative have been researched, review the findings within each narrative and consider directions for future research.Design:An adapted meta-narrative review approach.Data Sources:The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Applied Health Literature, Medline, PsycINFO, Psycharticles and Scopus databases were searched for relevant research published between January 1982 and December 2017. Quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment and Review Instrument.Results:A total of 22 papers met the inclusion criteria. No study focused specifically on the experiences of family members when witnessing the diminishing drinking of dying relatives. However, research about diminishing drinking was identified within studies broadly focusing on cancer cachexia, clinical decision-making about hydration and/or nutrition and support in a hospice context. The research indicates that family members’ experiences of diminishing drinking vary with their views about the significance of drinking, dying well and their expectations of themselves and healthcare professionals.Conclusion:While some understanding of the topic can be inferred from research in related areas, there is a paucity of information specifically about family members’ experiences when witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative.

Nonsuicidal Self-injury: Examining the Relationship Between Diagnosis and Gender

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Healey ◽  
Heather Trepal ◽  
Kelly Emelianchik-Key
Keyword(s):  
Counselor Training ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Counselors In Training ◽  
Counseling Professionals ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Societal Expectations

This study examined the perceptions of counselors in training concerning nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors (NSSI), diagnosis, and the influence of gender-normative expectations on clinical decision making. Participants were asked to respond to a set of questions after reading a randomly assigned case study. The purpose was to determine the process through which counseling professionals diagnosed adolescents who self-injure and whether the sex of the client influenced the decision. Cases presented were identical except that the sex of the client was altered. It appears that societal expectations associated with biological sex may influence counselor diagnostic decisions at the training level. Implications for diagnosis, counselor training, and future research are presented.

scholarly journals A realist review of brief interventions for alcohol misuse delivered in emergency departments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin J Davey ◽  
Meredith SH Landy ◽  
Amanda Pecora ◽  
David Quintero ◽  
Kelly E McShane
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Brief Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Background: Brief interventions (BIs) involve screening for alcohol misuse and providing feedback to patients about their use, with the aim of reducing alcohol consumption and related consequences. BIs have been implemented in various healthcare settings, including emergency departments (ED), where they have been found to contribute mixed results in their ability to address alcohol misuse among adults. Mechanisms through which BIs work and contextual factors impacting BI effectiveness are not clear. The purpose of this review was to understand how, for whom, and under what circumstances BIs work for adults misusing alcohol and who have been admitted to an ED. A realist review was chosen to answer these questions as realist reviews create context-mechanism-outcome configurations, leading to the development of comprehensive and detailed theories; in this case explaining how and for whom BIs work. Methods: Databases including PsycINFO, Healthstar, CINAHL, Medline, and Nursing and Allied Health were searched for articles published until December 2013. The search strategy focused on studies examining BIs that targeted alcohol misuse among adults admitted into the ED. The search identified 145 relevant abstracts, of which 36 were included in the review. The literature was synthesized qualitatively (immersion/crystallization). Results: Four mechanisms were found within reviewed studies, including engagement in/retention of BI materials, resolving ambivalence, increased awareness/insight into consequences of drinking, and increased self-efficacy/empowerment to use skills for change. The following contexts were found to impact mechanisms: emotional state, injury attributed to alcohol use, severity of alcohol use, and baseline stage of change. Conclusions: This realist review provides advances in theories regarding which mechanisms to target during a BI and which contexts create the most favorable conditions for these mechanisms to occur, ultimately leading to optimal BI outcomes. These results can inform future clinical decision-making when delivering BIs in ED settings. Future research should conduct quantitative examination to confirm these findings. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42013006549

scholarly journals Use and impact of smartphone apps in mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Amerio ◽  
A Scardoni ◽  
L Bellini ◽  
S Salvati ◽  
S Buttigieg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As smartphone usage is more and more ubiquitous, the app market is flourishing in all fields, including health. Indeed, the availability and use of smartphone apps (SAs) in health has exponentially grown in recent years. It has been estimated that in 2018 there were over 97,000 health apps available and that, 15% and 8% of US phone users aged 18-29 and 30-49 years respectively had health apps installed on their mobile devices. Health apps might potentially support people health paths in multiple ways: channeling health education, enabling personal health data tracking, self-monitoring and goals setting, facilitating access to health records or compliance to treatment, fostering effective communication with healthcare providers and health services, as well as supporting clinical decision-making. Despite such large potential, still scant evidence is available on the impact of SAs on clinical outcomes in different fields of medicine, including mental health. With an estimated prevalence of around 450 million people currently suffering from mental disorders and 1 in 4 people in the world affected at some point in own life, mental disorders are a leading cause of ill-health and disability worldwide whose prevention and care might be enhanced by mHealth technology. The general aim of the presentation is to provide an overview on the use and impact of SAs in the field of mental health. Specific objectives are: i) to present a conceptual framework on how SAs might support mental disorders prevention, diagnosis and treatment, ii) to report on SAs use in mental health in different settings, iii) to collect and pool available evidence from observational and experimental studies on the impact of SAs use on different mental health outcomes, iv) to explore the quality, effectiveness and attributes of top-rated smartphone mental health apps and lastly, v) to suggest gaps in knowledge to be filled by future research.

scholarly journals Article Commentary: Calling for Help? Considering Function and Meaning when Patients Drunk-Dial Psychotherapists

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. SART.S12423
Author(s):  
Kelly Serafini ◽  
Donna LaPaglia ◽  
Matthew Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Literature Base

Drunk-dialing is a term documented in both popular culture and academic literatures to describe a behavior in which a person contacts another individual by phone while intoxicated. In our collective clinical experience we have found that clients drunk-dial their clinicians too, particularly while in substance use treatment, and yet there is a noticeable absence of research on the topic to guide clinical decision-making within a process-based understanding of these events. As the parameters within which psychotherapy takes place become increasingly technologized, a literature base to document clients’ idiosyncratic use of technology will become increasingly necessary and useful. We provide a brief review of the existing research on drunk-dialing and conclude with specific questions to guide future research and practice.

Ability of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict prostate tumor heterogeneity on targeted biopsy.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 113-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Gold ◽  
Jonathan Bloom ◽  
Graham R. Hale ◽  
Kareem Rayn ◽  
Sherif Mehralivand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Targeted Biopsy ◽  
Impact Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Grade 3

113 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) can show heterogeneous histology within lesions. MRI-targeted biopsy (Tbx) of the prostate improves PCa detection, but sampling within lesions has yet to be standardized. Furthermore, Tbx results are often heterogeneous as evidenced by differing histologic grades of Tbx cores within the same lesion. This introduces potential variability in biopsy results, on which clinical decisions are made. Here we aim to characterize lesion heterogeneity and identify predictive multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) features. Methods: A cohort of men who underwent mpMRI and Tbx between 2014-2017 were selected for analysis from a prospectively maintained database. To characterize lesion heterogeneity, only men with ≥2 positive Tbx cores were included. Histologic grades were scored according to International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades. Lesion heterogeneity, reported as a heterogeneity index (HI), was calculated as the difference of the average ISUP grades of Tbx cores per lesion from the maximum sampled ISUP grade of that lesion. Statistical analyses identified associations between imaging features and lesion heterogeneity. Results: 157 lesions in 114 patients met inclusion criteria. Maximum ISUP grade ranged from 1 to 5, with a median ISUP grade of 2. Higher ISUP grades were associated with greater lesion heterogeneity, HI for ISUP grade ≥3 = 0.58±0.11 vs <3 = 0.29±0.08, p = 0.0001. In addition, increasing lesion size on mpMRI was associated with greater lesion heterogeneity, HI for ≥2cm = 0.52±0.14 vs <2cm = 0.32±0.08, p = 0.0096. Finally, higher mpMRI suspicion scores were associated with increased heterogeneity vs lower suspicion scores, p = 0.048. Conclusions: mpMRI aids in characterizing PCa lesion heterogeneity to predict variability of histologic grades on Tbx. This information can assist Tbx planning to potentially reduce risks of upgrading on final pathology. Future research will examine how lesion heterogeneity can impact risk stratification and clinical decision-making for patients and practitioners. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, NIH and NIH Medical Research Scholars Program.

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