A cross-sectional survey on respiratory disease in a cohort of Irish pig farms

Abstract Background Respiratory disease is one of the most important factors impacting pig production worldwide. There is no available information on the prevalence of key pathogens implicated in Irish pig production. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of pleurisy, pneumonia, lung abscesses, pericarditis and liver milk spots in finisher pigs of a cohort of Irish pig farms, and to describe the seroprevalence of: influenza A virus (IAV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP). Results In brief, 56 farrow-to-finish farms (29% of the Irish breeding herd) were enrolled in the study in 2017. Data on lungs, heart, and liver lesions were assessed for each farm at slaughter. An average of 417 (range 129–1154) plucks per farm were assessed for pleurisy, pneumonia, lung abscesses, pericarditis, and liver milk spots. Blood samples from 32 finisher pigs were collected at slaughter for each farm. The observed prevalence of pleurisy and pneumonia was one of the lowest reported in similar studies in Europe (13 and 11% estimated average within farm, respectively). Pleurisy lesions were mostly moderate and severe. Pneumonia lesions affected a low level of lung surface (5.8%). Prevalence of pericarditis was mid-high (8%) and the prevalence of liver milk spots was high, with an average of 29% of the livers affected. For serology, 78.6% of the farms were positive for IAV, 50% were positive for PRRSv, 71.4% were positive for Mhyo, and 98.2% were positive for APP. Influenza virus was the main pathogen associated with pleurisy (P < 0.001) and Mhyo was the main pathogen associated with pneumonia (P < 0.001) and pericarditis (P = 0.024). Conclusions Farms affected with pleurisy had moderate to severe lesions. Farms affected with pneumonia had mild lesions, which could be the effect of the generalised use of Mhyo vaccination in piglets. The seroprevalence of IAV, PRRSv, Mhyo and APP in the present study sample is similar to or lower than in other European countries. Further research on the PRRSv and APP strains circulating in Ireland is necessary to support the design of national or regional control plans.

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Estimating the Effect of Respiratory Disease on Production Performance in Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30441/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Rodrigues da Costa ◽

Albert Rovira ◽

Montserrat Torremorell ◽

Rose Mary Fitzgerald ◽

Josep Gasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Influenza A ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Disease Status ◽

Production Performance ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Pig Farms ◽

Pig Performance ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Respiratory disease is one of the most important factors impacting pig production worldwide. However, the literature highlights the multitude of confounding factors complicating the clear attribution of growth impairment to respiratory disease, and the extrapolation of the effects of respiratory disease to a wider population has not been thoroughly researched. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of respiratory disease on production performance in a subset of 56 Irish farrow-to-finish pig farms. Proxies for respiratory disease status such as serology for four major pathogens (influenza A virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ), slaughter checks (pleurisy, pneumonia, lung abscesses, pericarditis and liver milk spots) and vaccination information were used as predictors for production performance. Results The models to estimate production performance from serology, slaughter checks, and vaccination were able to explain the variability of weaner and finisher mortality by 26 and 20%, respectively, and average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and age at slaughter by 47, 40 and 41%, respectively. Feed conversion ratio and sow performance were not explained by the studied predictors. Conclusions The models fitted, especially those for ADFI, ADG and age at slaughter, emphasize the usefulness of sourcing information at different levels to understand the impact of farm health status on pig performance, and highlight the impact of respiratory disease on production performance.

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Physicians’ recommendations to their patients concerning a novel pandemic vaccine: a cross-sectional survey of the 2009 influenza A/H1N1 pandemic in Japan

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1007/s12199-010-0202-x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 320-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yusuke Inoue ◽

Kenji Matsui

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Pandemic ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Pandemic Vaccine

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Acceptability of A/H1N1 vaccination during pandemic phase of influenza A/H1N1 in Hong Kong: population based cross sectional survey

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.b4164 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 339 (oct27 1) ◽

pp. b4164-b4164 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

J. T F Lau ◽

N. C Y Yeung ◽

K C Choi ◽

M. Y M Cheng ◽

H Y Tsui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Influenza A ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Influenza A H1n1

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Are Kenyan healthcare workers willing to receive the pandemic influenza vaccine? Results from a cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers in Kenya about knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning infection with and vaccination against 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1), 2010

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.063 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (19) ◽

pp. 3617-3622 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Prisca A. Oria ◽

Wycliffe Matini ◽

Ian Nelligan ◽

Gideon Emukule ◽

Martha Scherzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Influenza A ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

To Receive ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

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Distribution and genetic diversity of Enterovirus G (EV-G) on pig farms in Thailand

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02988-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Taveesak Janetanakit ◽

Supassama Chaiyawong ◽

Kamonpan Charoenkul ◽

Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat ◽

Ekkapat Chamsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Predominant Genotype ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Pig Farms

Abstract Background Enterovirus G (EV-G) causes subclinical infections and is occasionally associated with diarrhea in pigs. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of EV-G in pigs from 73 pig farms in 20 provinces of Thailand from December 2014 to January 2018. Results Our results showed a high occurrence of EV-Gs which 71.6 % of fecal and intestinal samples (556/777) and 71.2 % of pig farms (52/73) were positive for EV-G by RT-PCR specific to the 5’UTR. EV-Gs could be detected in all age pig groups, and the percentage positivity was highest in the fattening group (89.7 %), followed by the nursery group (89.4 %). To characterize the viruses, 34 EV-G representatives were characterized by VP1 gene sequencing. Pairwise sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that Thai-EV-Gs belonged to the EV-G1, EV-G3, EV-G4, EV-G8, EV-G9 and EV-G10 genotypes, among which the EV-G3 was the predominant genotype in Thailand. Co-infection with different EV-G genotypes or with EV-Gs and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) or porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) on the same pig farms was observed. Conclusions Our results confirmed that EV-G infection is endemic in Thailand, with a high genetic diversity of different genotypes. This study constitutes the first report of the genetic characterization of EV-GS in pigs in Thailand.

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Prison primary care and non-communicable diseases: a data-linkage survey of prevalence and associated risk factors

BJGP Open ◽

10.3399/bjgpopen19x101643 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. bjgpopen19X101643 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nat MJ Wright ◽

Philippa Hearty ◽

Victoria Allgar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Physical Health ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Prison Population ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Clinical Records

BackgroundThe size and mean age of the prison population has increased rapidly in recent years. Prisoners are a vulnerable group who, compared with the general population, experience poorer health outcomes. However, there is a dearth of research quantifying the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among prisoner populations.AimTo explore both the prevalence of NCDs and their risk factors.Design & settingA cross-sectional survey was undertaken that was compared with clinical records in two male prisons in the north of England.MethodSelf-report surveys were completed by 199 prisoners to assess sociodemographic characteristics, general health, NCD prevalence, and risk factor prevalence. Data were checked against that retrieved from prison clinical records.ResultsIt was found that 46% reported at least one NCD and 26% reported at least one physical health NCD. The most common self-reported NCD was 'anxiety and depression' (34%), followed by 'respiratory disease' (17%), and 'hypertension' (10%). Having a physical health NCD was independently associated with increasing age or drug dependence.The level of agreement between clinical records and self-report ranged from 'fair' for alcohol dependence (kappa 0.38; P<0.001) to 'very good' for diabetes (kappa 0.86; P<0.001).ConclusionCompared with mainstream populations and despite high prevalence of risk factors for NCDs physical illness NCDs, with the exception of respiratory disease, are less common. However, poor mental health is more common. These differences are possibly owing to the younger average age of prison populations, since prevalence of risk factors was reported as high.Secondary data analysis of clinical records is a more methodologically robust way of monitoring trends in prisoner population disease prevalence.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dissemination across pig production systems in the United States

10.1101/2020.04.09.034181 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manuel Jara ◽

David A. Rasmussen ◽

Cesar A. Corzo ◽

Gustavo Machado

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Production Systems ◽

The United States ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Pig Production ◽

The North ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Virus Dissemination ◽

Pig Farms ◽

And Control

SummaryPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains widespread in the North American pig population. Despite improvements in virus characterization, it is unclear whether PRRSV infections are a product of viral circulation within a farm, within production systems (local) or across production systems (external). Here we examined the dissemination dynamics of PRRSV and the processes facilitating its spread within and among pig farms in three production systems. Overall, PRRSV genetic diversity declined since 2018, while phylodynamic results support frequent transmission across-production systems. We found that PRRSV dissemination occurred mostly through transmission between farms of different production companies, which were predominant for several months, especially from November until May when PRRSV tends to peak in the studied region. Within production systems, dissemination occurred mainly through regular pig flow (from sow to nursery and then to finisher farms); nevertheless, an important flux of PRRSV dissemination from finisher to sow and nursery farms highlighted the importance of downstream farms as sources of the virus. Farms at areas with pig density from 500 to 1000 pig/km2 and farms located at a range within 0.5 km and 0.7 km from major roads were more likely to infect by PRRSV, whereas farms at elevation between 41 and 61 meters and denser vegetation acted as dissemination barriers. Although remains a challenge, there is a need to disentangle the route of PRRSV transmission, results evidenced that dissemination among commercially unrelated pig production systems was intense, reinforcing the importance of farm proximity on PRRSV spread. Thus, consideration of farm location and their geographic characteristics may help to forecast dissemination. The understanding of PRRSV transmission routes has the potential to inform targeted strategies for its prevention and control. Further studies are needed to quantify the relative contribution of PRRSV transmission routes.

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Detection of respiratory viruses in cases of porcine respiratory disease in nurseries.

10.22541/au.164087639.98636607/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gerard Martín-Valls ◽

Yanli Li ◽

Ivan Díaz ◽

Esmeralda Cano ◽

Silvana Sosa Portugal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Influenza A ◽

Swine Influenza ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Individual Level ◽

Porcine Circoviruses ◽

The One ◽

Respiratory Coronavirus ◽

Porcine Respiratory

Respiratory disease in weaned pigs is a common problem in the field, with a complex aetiology of both viruses and bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the presence of eleven viruses in nasal swabs collected from nurseries (fifty-five clinical outbreaks) under the suspicion of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) by cough and fever. The other ten viruses included influenza B (IBV) and influenza D viruses (IDV), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), porcine circoviruses 2 (PCV2), 3 (PCV3) and 4 (PCV), Porcine parainfluenza 1 virus (PPIV1) and Swine orthopneumovirus (SOV). Twenty-nine swIAV-positive cases and twenty-six cases of swIAV-negative respiratory disease were primarily established. IBV, IBD, PCV4 and PPIV1 were not found in any case, while PRCV, SOV, and PCMV were more likely to be found in swIAV-positive nurseries with respiratory disease ( p<0.05) although, globally, PCV3, PRRSV, and PCMV were the most frequently detected agents on herd level. At an individual level, the prevalence of different viruses was: swIAV 48.6%; PRCV 48.0%; PRRSV 31.6%; SOV 33.8%; PCMV 48.3%, PCV2 36.0%; and PCV3 33.0%. Beyond that, it was common to find animals with low Ct values (< 30) for all agents except for PCV2 and PCV3. When analysed the association between different pathogens, PRCV was the one with the most associations. It positively interacted ( p < 0.05) with swIAV and SOV but was negatively associated ( p < 0.05) with PRRSV and PCVM. Besides these, swIAV and PRRSV were negatively related (p < 0.05). Further analysis of suckling pigs showed that circulation of PRCV, PCMV, SOV, and PCV3 started in the maternities, suggesting a role of the sows in the transmission. Overall, our data may contribute to a better understanding of the complex aetiology and the epidemiology of respiratory disease in weaners. This is the first report of SOV in Spain.

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Pulmonary function changes in asymptomatic smokers - a community survey in Udupi, Karnataka, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170169 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 653

Author(s):

Senthil Kumar Elumalai ◽

Arun G. Maiya ◽

Kalyan B. Chakravarthy

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Community Survey ◽

The Other ◽

Dose Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Smoking has been labeled the most important preventable cause of a respiratory disease and its effects in a smoker are well established. A better understanding on the pulmonary function impairments in an asymptomatic smoker is the need of the hour. Objective: To study the pulmonary function changes in asymptomatic smokers and non- smokers and to establish the dose -effect relationship amongst asymptomatic smokers.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Udupi district of Karnataka, India. 140 men aged between 20 to 45 years with a BMI ranging from 18.5 to 29.9 Kg2 /m was enrolled in to the study. 70 subjects were asymptomatic smokers and the other 70 were non-smokers. Outcomes measured were standard spirometric measures for pulmonary function and symptoms like breathlessness, cough and sputum using a Breathlessness Cough Sputum scale.Results: The mean age (mean ± SD) of non-smokers and asymptomatic smokers enrolled was 34.7±5 and 33.8±5 years respectively. The mean smoking dose amongst the asymptomatic smokers was 15.74±5.5 pack years. FEV1 amongst the asymptomatic smokers showed a negative correlation with smoking dose (p<0.05) and there was a significant difference in FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MVV and FEF 25- 75 % (p<0.001) amongst the asymptomatic smokers and non-smokers.Conclusions: Asymptomatic smokers showed low values of pulmonary function parameters compared to those in non-smokers.

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