scholarly journals What is the nature and extent of evidence on methodologies for monitoring and evaluating marine spatial management measures in UK and similar coastal waters? A systematic map protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan C. O’Leary ◽  
Bryce D. Stewart ◽  
Emma McKinley ◽  
Prue F. E. Addison ◽  
Chris Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Meta Data ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Anthropogenic degradation of marine ecosystems is widely accepted as a major social-ecological problem. The growing urgency to better manage marine ecosystems has led to the increasing application of ‘spatial management measures’ including marine protected areas, sectoral (e.g. fishery) closures, and marine spatial planning. However, the designation of varied spatial management regimes is just the first step; achievement of objectives relies upon effective implementation, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. Despite spatial management being a core component of the marine management portfolio, to our knowledge, there is no systematic overview of the evidence on methodologies available, and employed, to monitor and evaluate their effectiveness across social, economic and ecological outcomes. Methods This systematic map will examine existing evidence describing methodologies for monitoring the effects, and evaluating the effectiveness, of marine spatial management across ecological, social and economic outcomes. Our aim is to provide a resource for decision-makers, primarily in the UK but also internationally, that supports effective marine management, and to describe the current evidence base. Identification and evaluation of relevant studies will therefore be restricted to coastal countries identified by our Stakeholder Group as being relevant to the UK, and searches will be restricted to the period 2009 to 2019 to align with the current UK policy context. Searches for relevant grey and academic literature, published in English, will be conducted in four bibliographic search engines, Google Scholar, 38 organisational websites and one specialist data repository. Eligibility screening will be conducted first at title and abstract level, and then at full text. Coding and meta-data extraction from eligible studies will include: bibliographic information, general information about the spatial management measure studied, and methodological information on the monitoring and evaluation undertaken. Consistency checking amongst reviewers will be undertaken during screening, coding and data extraction phases. The outcome of the systematic map will be a database that displays the meta-data of identified relevant studies. Findings will be presented in a descriptive report detailing the evaluation approaches and analytical methodologies employed, and data collection methods applied and/or data required by relevant studies to inform evaluations on the effectiveness of marine spatial management measures.

scholarly journals The nature and extent of evidence on methodologies for monitoring and evaluating marine spatial management measures in the UK and similar coastal waters: a systematic map

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan C. O’Leary ◽  
Joshua P. Copping ◽  
Nibedita Mukherjee ◽  
Sandra L. Dorning ◽  
Bryce D. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Principal Evaluations ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Anthropogenic degradation of marine ecosystems is widely accepted as a major social-ecological problem. The growing urgency to manage marine ecosystems more effectively has led to increasing application of spatial management measures (marine protected areas [MPAs], sectoral [e.g. fishery] closures and marine spatial planning [marine plans]). Understanding the methodologies used to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures against social, economic, and ecological outcomes is key for designing effective monitoring and evaluation programmes. Methods We used a pre-defined and tested search string focusing on intervention and outcome terms to search for relevant studies across four bibliographic databases, Google Scholar, 39 organisational websites, and one specialist data repository. Searches were conducted in English and restricted to the period 2009 to 2019 to align with current UK marine policy contexts. Relevant studies were restricted to UK-relevant coastal countries, as identified by key stakeholders. Search results were screened for relevance against pre-defined eligibility criteria first at title and abstract level, and then at full text. Articles assessed as not relevant at full text were recorded with reasons for exclusion. Two systematic map databases of meta-data and coded data from relevant primary and secondary studies, respectively, were produced. Review findings Over 19,500 search results were identified, resulting in 391 relevant primary articles, 33 secondary articles and 49 tertiary reviews. Relevant primary articles evaluated spatial management measures across a total of 22 social, economic and ecological outcomes; only 2.8% considered all three disciplines, with most focused exclusively on ecological (67.8%) or social (13.3%) evaluations. Secondary articles predominately focused on ecological evaluations (75.8%). The majority of the primary and secondary evidence base aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of MPAs (85.7% and 90.9% respectively), followed by fisheries closures (12.5%; 3.0%) with only 1.8% of primary, and 6.1% of secondary, articles focused on marine plans or on MPAs and fisheries closures combined. Most evaluations reported within primary articles were conducted for a single site (60.4%) or multiple individual sites (32.5%), with few evaluating networks of sites (6.9%). Secondary articles mostly evaluated multiple individual sites (93.9%). Most (70.3%) primary articles conducted principal evaluations, i.e. basic description of effects; 29.4% explored causation; and 0.3% undertook benefit evaluations. Secondary articles predominately explored causation (66.7%) with the remainder conducting principal evaluations. Australia (27.4%), the USA (18.4%) and the UK (11.3%) were most frequently studied by primary articles, with secondary articles reporting mostly global (66.7%) or European (18.2%) syntheses. Conclusions The systematic map reveals substantial bodies of evidence relating to methods of evaluating MPAs against ecological outcomes. However, key knowledge gaps include evaluation across social and economic outcomes and of overall merit and/or worth (benefit evaluation), as well as of: marine plans; networks of sites; real-time, temporary or seasonal closures; spatial management within offshore waters, and lagoon or estuary environments. Although the evidence base has grown over the past two decades, information to develop comprehensive evaluation frameworks remains insufficient. Greater understanding on how to evaluate the effectiveness of spatial management measures is required to support improved management of global ocean resources and spaces.

scholarly journals Epistaxis 2016: national audit of management

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
National Audit ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Consensus Guidance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Audit Standards

AbstractBackground:Epistaxis is a common condition that can be associated with significant morbidity, and it places a considerable burden on our healthcare system. This national audit of management sought to assess current practice against newly created consensus recommendations and to expand our current evidence base.Methods:The management of epistaxis patients who met the inclusion criteria, at 113 registered sites across the UK, was compared with audit standards during a 30-day window. Data were further utilised for explorative analysis.Results:Data for 1826 cases were uploaded to the database, representing 94 per cent of all cases that met the inclusion criteria at participating sites. Sixty-two per cent of patients were successfully treated by ENT clinicians within 24 hours. The 30-day recurrent presentation rate across the dataset was 13.9 per cent. Significant event analysis revealed an all-cause 30-day mortality rate of 3.4 per cent.Conclusion:Audit findings demonstrate a varying alignment with consensus guidance, with explorative analysis countering some previously well-established tenets of management.

scholarly journals Realist evaluation of Autism ServiCe Delivery (RE-ASCeD): which diagnostic pathways work best, for whom and in what context? Findings from a rapid realist review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e051241
Author(s):  
Vanessa Abrahamson ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Patricia M Wilson ◽  
William Farr ◽  
Venkat Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diagnostic Pathways ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

ObjectivesWaiting times in the UK for an autism diagnostic assessment have increased rapidly in the last 5 years. This review explored research (including ‘grey’ literature) to uncover the current evidence base about autism diagnostic pathways and what works best, for whom and in what circumstances, to deliver high quality and timely diagnosis.DesignWe performed a Rapid Realist Review consistent with recognised standards for realist syntheses. We collected 129 grey literature and policy/guidelines and 220 articles from seven databases (January 2011–December 2019). We developed programme theories of how, why and in what contexts an intervention worked, based on cross comparison and synthesis of evidence. The focus was on identifying factors that contributed to a clearly defined intervention (the diagnostic pathway), associated with specific outcomes (high quality and timely), within specific parameters (Autism diagnostic services in Paediatric and Child & Adolescent Mental Health services in the UK). Our Expert Stakeholder Group, including representatives from local parent forums, national advocacy groups and clinicians, was integral to the process.ResultsBased on 45 relevant articles, we identified 7 programme theories that were integral to the process of diagnostic service delivery. Four were related to the clinical pathway: initial recognition of possible autism; referral and triaging; diagnostic model; and providing feedback to parents. Three programme theories were pertinent to all stages of the referral and diagnostic process: working in partnership with families; interagency working; and training, service evaluation and development.ConclusionsThis theory informed review of childhood autism diagnostic pathways identified important aspects that may contribute to efficient, high quality and family-friendly service delivery. The programme theories will be further tested through a national survey of current practice and in-depth longitudinal case studies of exemplar services.Trial registration numberNCT04422483.

Suicide prevention across the UK criminal justice system: an overview of current provision and future directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Stefanie Oliveira Antunes ◽  
Verity Wainwright ◽  
Neil Gredecki
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Current Provision

Purpose This paper aims to provide an overview of current suicide prevention across the UK criminal justice system (CJS). It considers shortcomings in current provision and how improvements could be made by drawing on international practice. Recommendations for practice going forward and suggestions for future research are made based on the literature. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides an overview of suicide prevention research to date. Relevant literature was identified through a basic journal article search, including terms such as “probation”, “criminal justice system”, “suicide”, “suicide prevention”, “UK” and “suicide theory”. Findings This paper highlights opportunities to improve practice based on the current evidence base, making several recommendations and suggestions for practice, including improving multi-agency cooperation through clearer distribution of responsibilities, simplifying data sharing and investing in trauma-focussed suicide training for staff. Practical implications This paper considers how research and psychological theory has informed suicide prevention practice in the UK. Limitations and challenges in applying theory to practice are explored, in the context of research with frontline staff who use such policies. This review proposes potential improvements to suicide prevention implementation to reduce suicide across the wider CJS. Originality/value This article represents an overview of the existing literature as well as possible future ideas for policy. It is therefore a piece that represents the viewpoint of all involved authors.

scholarly journals Characterising the evidence base for advanced clinical practice in the UK: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e036192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Evans ◽  
Brenda Poku ◽  
Ruth Pearce ◽  
Jeanette Eldridge ◽  
Paul Hendrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Multiprofessional Team ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionA global health workforce crisis, coupled with ageing populations, wars and the rise of non-communicable diseases is prompting all countries to consider the optimal skill mix within their health workforce. The development of advanced clinical practice (ACP) roles for existing non-medical cadres is one potential strategy that is being pursued. In the UK, National Health Service (NHS) workforce transformation programmes are actively promoting the development of ACP roles across a wide range of non-medical professions. These efforts are currently hampered by a high level of variation in ACP role development, deployment, nomenclature, definition, governance and educational preparation across the professions and across different settings. This scoping review aims to support a more consistent approach to workforce development in the UK, by identifying and mapping the current evidence base underpinning multiprofessional advanced level practice in the UK from a workforce, clinical, service and patient perspective.Methods and analysisThis scoping review is registered with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/tzpe5). The review will follow Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and involves a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional team, including a public representative. A wide range of electronic databases and grey literature sources will be searched from 2005 to the present. The review will include primary data from any relevant research, audit or evaluation studies. All review steps will involve two or more reviewers. Data extraction, charting and summary will be guided by a template derived from an established framework used internationally to evaluate ACP (the Participatory Evidence-Informed Patient-Centred Process-Plus framework).DisseminationThe review will produce important new information on existing activity, outcomes, implementation challenges and key areas for future research around ACP in the UK, which, in the context of global workforce transformations, will be of international, as well as local, significance. The findings will be disseminated through professional and NHS bodies, employer organisations, conferences and research papers.

scholarly journals The “mapping out” approach: effectiveness of marine spatial management options in European coastal waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 2630-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine Soma ◽  
Jorge Ramos ◽  
Øivind Bergh ◽  
Torsten Schulze ◽  
Hans van Oostenbrugge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Stakeholder Interests ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Abstract Marine spatial management is challenged by complex situations in European countries where multiple stakeholder interests and many management options have to be balanced. EU policy initiatives such as the proposed Marine Spatial Planning Directive, are in different ways targeting area allocation in European waters. In this circumstance, EU marine management needs assessments based on a satisfactory evaluation framework design that can ensure a transparent treatment of different types of information including interests, values, and facts. The main goal of this article is to introduce an evaluation framework applicable to marine management in European countries. This so-called CoExist framework maps out different types of relevant knowledge to assess future possibilities for use or no-use of marine areas and links this with appropriate management measures. The CoExist framework is based on the principles of ensuring transparent treatment of different types of information as well as appropriate stakeholder representation which can ensure legitimacy. Empirical findings in six European case studies have been obtained while conducting the CoExist framework. Applying the basic principles of the CoExist framework when planning future management directions of the coexistence of multiple activities in the long-run will expectedly affect the ecological and social-cultural goals by counterbalancing the economic ones.

784 Management of Paediatric Epistaxis: An Appraisal of Cautery Versus Topical Antiseptics in The Prevention of Rebleeding Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sagua ◽  
S Fishpool
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recurrent Epistaxis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Minimal Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Treatments

Abstract Introduction Epistaxis is a common acute presentation in childhood that with recurrence often causes great distress for both parent and child alike. For recurrent epistaxis it is common practice in the UK to trial either a topical antiseptic (Naseptin) or silver nitrate cautery. A literature review was conducted to assess which treatment confers greater protection against rebleeding events. Method The literature review was performed via a search on Medline via Ovid. As both cautery and topical antiseptics are not new treatments, an age limit was not set to allow older research to be included and provide perspective. Results In all but one study included, there was no statistically significant difference between the use of Naseptin versus cautery in the reduction of rebleeding events. A higher incidence of complications such as septal perforation and pain were reported in patients who underwent cautery, whilst no adverse side effects were reported with Naseptin. Conclusions The current evidence base relies mostly on short term outcomes, with most patients not being followed up for more than 2 months. If further longitudinal studies provide evidence to support there being a minimal difference in treatment outcomes, using topical antiseptics before considering cautery would be better clinical practice in paediatric patients.

scholarly journals Physical Activity For Multimorbidity Prevention And Management: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Prospective Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Hargan ◽  
Dáire McCartan ◽  
Leandro M. T. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether physical activity can be used in the prevention and management of multimorbidity.Methods: A systematic review was carried out using Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to find experimental and prospective cohort studies that investigated the relationship between physical activity and prevention and management of multimorbidity. Participants consisted of general population, non-institutionalised adults aged 18 or more. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers.Results: From a total of 1,724 studies identified, eight prospective cohort studies and one randomised control trial were included in the analysis. Four out of nine studies found evidence that higher levels of physical activity reduced the risk of multimorbidity. Three of four studies found evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of developing or worsening multimorbidity within subgroups with chronic conditions at the baseline.Conclusion: The current evidence base indicates that it is unclear whether healthy individuals are more likely to develop multimorbidity if they are less physically active. However, it seems more likely for people to develop or worsen multimorbidity when they have one or any number of conditions at baseline if they are less physically active.

scholarly journals Is ultrasound screening for vasa praevia clinically justified and a financially viable screening test? A literature review

Ultrasound ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Gillian Coleman ◽  
Heather Venables
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Vasa Praevia ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
The Uk

Vasa praevia is an obstetric complication currently not screened for within the United Kingdom, which if undetected prenatally can lead to fetal death when the membranes rupture. Internationally, guidelines are available providing guidance on the best screening policy and management pathways. However, the UK National Screening Committee and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists do not support screening due to a lack of evidence. Recent studies explore the ability of ultrasound to detect vasa praevia prenatally in both the general and high-risk populations. Whilst there is no consensus on the ‘best’ screening strategy, the majority of authors note that targeted screening of the high-risk population is the most achievable and cost-effective strategy. Although not infallible, a standard screening protocol could identify the majority of cases in the high-risk group. Introduction of a screening strategy would affect training needs of professionals within the UK and would have implications on the need to produce guidelines on management and quality assurance. Further research is also needed to define a relevant high-risk population and explore how this would impact on service provision. This review explores the current evidence base for systematic screening and the implications for service.

scholarly journals Soil carbon enhancing practices: a systematic review of barriers and enablers of adoption

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Karanja Ng’ang’a ◽  
Dorcas Anyango Jalang’o ◽  
Evan Hartunian Girvetz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Current Evidence Base

AbstractSustained adoption of soil carbon enhancing practices (SCEPs) at scale remains an aspiration goal to maintain sufficient amount of soil carbon in household farms in order to impact on the sustained farm productivity caused by sustained soil fertility. The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the current evidence base to identify: (a) which factors enable or constrain adoption of SCEPs and hence maintain soil carbon in Kenya and Ethiopia; (b) to be able to lessons learnt concerning what influences the adoption of the SCEPs for the purpose of maintaining soil fertility among smallholder farms; and (c) how this can be improved going into the future for the purpose of formulating appropriate policies in Kenya and Ethiopia in both the short and long run. A systematic review was conducted using established review methodology and extensive searches of published and unpublished literature sources. Data extraction and quality appraisal of quantitative, qualitative and case studies that met the inclusion criteria were conducted while checking for reliability. A broad range of interrelated enabling and constraining factors was identified for the SCEPs. All the factors matter, and some of most of these factors are important to be considered during planning and implementation of SCEPs aiming at promoting soil carbon sequestration. Despite the limitation in the quantity of evidence, this systematic review provides a useful starting point for the scaling up programmes to ensure more effective adoption of SCEPs. This review also underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach in understanding what determines the adoption of SCEPs to capture a holistic view.

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