scholarly journals Multiresidue analysis of 184 pesticides in high-fat fish feed using a new generic extraction method coupled with gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Rudolf Michael Peter Eyring ◽  
Susan Strange Herrmann ◽  
Mette Erecius Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multiresidue Analysis ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Food And Feed

AbstractAnimal feed is typically plant-based and can contain pesticide residues. Methods for testing food and feed samples, such as the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) method or the Swedish Ethyl Acetate (SweEt) method, successfully extract many pesticide residues. However, nonpolar pesticides, such as organochlorine pesticides, show poor recovery when extracted from lipid-rich samples. The previously developed water-acetonitrile-heptane-solid-phase-extraction (WAHSPE) method shows better recoveries for the nonpolar pesticides but requires two injections per sample and per instrument. Here, we present a modified version of the WAHSPE method for pesticides in fish feed using one injection per sample and per instrument. Of the 184 pesticides tested, 179 met the European Union Legislation’s validation criteria at a spike level of 50 μg/kg, showing recoveries between 70 and 120% and a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 20%. Organochlorine pesticides accounted for 14 of the tested compounds.

scholarly journals Potential Utilization of Edible Insects as an Alternative Source of Protein in Animal Diets in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Gałęcki ◽  
Łukasz Zielonka ◽  
Magdalena Zasȩpa ◽  
Joanna Gołȩbiowska ◽  
Tadeusz Bakuła
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Growing Population

The selection of high-protein raw materials that could be utilized in the production of animal feed is limited in Poland. The aim of this study was to analyze the needs and possibilities associated with the utilization of insect protein in animal nutrition in Poland. In the future, insects could become an effective solution to meeting the nutritional requirements of a growing population. Insect protein is already used in the production of fish feed in the European Union (EU). Legislative decisions on the introduction of this alternative feed source have to be based on the results of studies investigating the safety of insect protein for farmed animals. Diets containing insect protein and their influence on animals need to be thoroughly analyzed. In the future, insect farming could become a novel branch of agriculture, and it could create new opportunities for Polish farmers who were affected by the African swine fever (ASF) virus. Insect farms could create new jobs, promote innovative business development, and increase food and feed production. Entomophagy is a new and controversial concept for Polish consumers, but in the future, it could offer a viable solution to feeding the world's growing population.

scholarly journals Determination of 77 Multiclass Pesticides and Their Metabolitesin Capsicum and Tomato Using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Harischandra Naik Rathod ◽  
Bheemanna Mallappa ◽  
Pallavi Malenahalli Sidramappa ◽  
Chandra Sekhara Reddy Vennapusa ◽  
Pavankumar Kamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Graphitized Carbon Black ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Primary Secondary Amine

A quick, sensitive, and reproducible analytical method for the determination of 77 multiclass pesticides and their metabolites in Capsicum and tomato by gas and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was standardized and validated. The limit of detection of 0.19 to 10.91 and limit of quantification of 0.63 to 36.34 µg·kg−1 for Capsicum and 0.10 to 9.55 µg·kg−1 (LOD) and 0.35 to 33.43 µg·kg−1 (LOQ) for tomato. The method involves extraction of sample with acetonitrile, purification by dispersive solid phase extraction using primary secondary amine and graphitized carbon black. The recoveries of all pesticides were in the range of 75 to 110% with a relative standard deviation of less than 20%. Similarly, the method precision was evaluated interms of repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDwR) by spiking of mixed pesticides standards at 100 µg·kg−1 recorded anRSD of less than 20%. The matrix effect was acceptable and no significant variation was observed in both the matrices except for few pesticides. The estimated measurement uncertainty found acceptable for all the pesticides. This method found suitable for analysis of vegetable samples drawn from market and farm gates.

scholarly journals Analysis of E.U. Rapid Alert System (RASFF) Notifications for Aflatoxins in Exported U.S. Food and Feed Products for 2010–2019

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alshannaq ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Yu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pistachio Nuts ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Rapid Alert System

The most common, toxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins found in human food and animal feed are the aflatoxins (AFs). The United States is a leading exporter of various nuts, with a marketing value of $9.1 billion in 2019; the European Union countries are the major importers of U.S. nuts. In the past few years, border rejections and notifications for U.S. tree nuts and peanuts exported to the E.U. countries have increased due to AF contamination. In this work, we analyzed notifications from the “Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF)” on U.S. food and feed products contaminated with mycotoxins, primarily AFs, for the 10-year period 2010–2019. Almost 95% of U.S. mycotoxin RASFF notifications were reported for foods and only 5% for feeds. We found that 98.9% of the U.S. food notifications on mycotoxins were due to the AF contamination in almond, peanut, and pistachio nuts. Over half of these notifications (57.9%) were due to total AF levels greater than the FDA action level in food of 20 ng g−1. The Netherlands issued 27% of the AF notifications for U.S. nuts. Border rejection was reported for more than 78% of AF notifications in U.S. nuts. All U.S. feed notifications on mycotoxins occurred due to the AF contamination. Our research contributes to better understanding the main reasons behind RASFF mycotoxins notifications of U.S. food and feed products destined to E.U. countries. Furthermore, we speculate possible causes of this problem and provide a potential solution that could minimize the number of notifications for U.S. agricultural export market.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Quantification of Oleandrin and Other Cardiac Glycosides and Evaluation of Their Levels in Herbs and Spices from the Belgian Market

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Malysheva ◽  
Patrick P. J. Mulder ◽  
Julien Masquelier
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Development And Validation

Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites that can be toxic to humans and animals. The aim of this work was to develop a targeted analytical method utilizing liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for quantification of these plant toxins in a herbal-based food and human urine. The method included oleandrin, digoxin, digitoxin, convallatoxin, and ouabain. Samples of culinary herbs were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned using Oasis® MAX solid-phase extraction (SPE), while samples of urine were diluted with acidified water and purified on Oasis® HLB SPE cartridges. Limits of quantification were in the range of 1.5–15 ng/g for herbs and 0.025–1 ng/mL for urine. The mean recovery of the method complied with the acceptable range of 70–120% for most CGs, and relative standard deviations were at maximum 14% and 19% for repeatability and reproducibility, respectively. Method linearity was good with calculated R² values above 0.997. The expanded measurement uncertainty was estimated to be in the range of 7–37%. The LC-MS/MS method was used to examine 65 samples of culinary herbs and herb and spice mixtures collected in Belgium, from supermarkets and local stores. The samples were found to be free from the analyzed CGs.

scholarly journals High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Selected Organophosphorous Pesticide Residues in Tea

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1210-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongde Yue ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Wei Fan ◽  
Feng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hptlc Method

Abstract The separation of 9 organophosphates (monocrotophos, quinalphos, triazophos, parathion-methyl, isofenphos-methyl, temephos, parathion, phoxim-ethyl, and chlorpyrifos) by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) with automated multiple development was studied. The HPTLC method was developed and validated for analysis of residues of phoxim-ethyl and chlorpyrifos in tea. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up by ENVI-CARB solid-phase extraction. The extract was directly applied as bands to glass-backed silica gel 60F254 HPTLC plates. The plates were developed with dichloromethanehexane (1 1, v/v) in a glass twin-trough chamber. Evaluation of the developed HPTLC plates was performed densitometrically. The results indicated that the detection limits of phoxim and chlorpyrifos were 5.0 109 and 1.0 108 g, respectively. Recoveries of the pesticides from tea by this analytical method were 90.7105.5%, and relative standard deviations were 7.313.5%. The precision and accuracy of the method were generally satisfactory for analysis of pesticide residues in tea.

scholarly journals Effects of Swine Manure on Macrolide, Lincosamide, and Streptogramin B Antimicrobial Resistance in Soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2218-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhou ◽  
Lutgarde Raskin ◽  
Julie L. Zilles
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

ABSTRACT Current agricultural practices involve inclusion of antimicrobials in animal feed and result in manure containing antimicrobials and antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. This work evaluated the effects of land application of swine manure on the levels of tetracycline, macrolide, and lincosamide antimicrobials and on macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance in field soil samples and laboratory soil batch tests. MLSB and tetracycline antimicrobials were quantified after solid-phase extraction using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The prevalence of the ribosomal modification responsible for MLSB resistance in the same samples was quantified using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Macrolide antimicrobials were not detected in soil samples, while tetracyclines were detected, suggesting that the latter compounds persist in soil. No significant differences in ribosomal methylation or presumed MLSB resistance were observed when amended and unamended field soils were compared, although a transient (<20-day) increase was observed in most batch tests. Clostridium cluster XIVa accounted for the largest fraction of resistant bacteria identified in amended soils. Overall, this study did not detect a persistent increase in the prevalence of MLSB resistance due to land application of treated swine manure.

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