scholarly journals Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: an observational cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Al Mutair ◽  
Saad Alhumaid ◽  
Waad N. Alhuqbani ◽  
Abdul Rehman Z. Zaidi ◽  
Safug Alkoraisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) emerged from China in December 2019 and has presented as a substantial and serious threat to global health. We aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory findings of patients in Saudi Arabia infected with SARS-CoV-2 to direct us in helping prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across Saudi Arabia and around the world. Materials and methods Clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric and adult patients in five hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were surveyed in this study. Results 401 patients (mean age 38.16 ± 13.43 years) were identified to be SARS-CoV-2 positive and 80% of cases were male. 160 patients had moderate severity and 241 were mild in severity. The most common signs and symptoms at presentation were cough, fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, aspartate aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, and ferritin were higher in the COVID-19 moderate severity patient group. Mild severity patients spent a shorter duration hospitalized and had slightly higher percentages of abnormal CT scans and X-ray imaging. Conclusions This study provides an understanding of the features of non-ICU COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia. Further national collaborative studies are needed to streamline screening and treatment procedures for COVID-19.

Utility of Blood Markers in Early Prediction of Bacteraemia in Acute Febrile Paediatric Patients – An Observational Cohort Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 2526-2531
Author(s):  
Rabindra Bhunia ◽  
Bindu T. Nair ◽  
Vandana Negi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Observational Cohort

BACKGROUND Bacteraemia is a common cause of children presenting to the paediatric emergency with acute febrile illness. Blood cultures remain the gold standard for detection of bacteraemia but the positivity is low and also takes time to show positive results. A rapid and reliable biomarker like procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), total leucocyte count (TLC), and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) can be used to identify febrile children with greater risk for bacteraemia or serious bacterial infections. This would be very helpful to start early treatment of bacteraemia with antibiotics. METHODS The study was an observational cohort study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care hospital in North India in children between age group 6 months to 12 years presenting with fever of > 100.4° F for 2 - 7 days. Blood samples were sent for PCT, CRP, TLC, NLCR and blood cultures. RESULTS The most sensitive biomarker was total leukocyte count (47.36 %) followed by the neutrophil percentage (26.32 %), C-reactive protein (21.05 %), and procalcitonin (15.79 %). The most specific biomarker was procalcitonin (75.14 %) followed by C-reactive protein (58.56 %), neutrophil percentage (22.65 %) and total leukocyte count (11.05 %). The only biomarker that was statistically significant between the bacteraemia and non-bacteraemia group in the present study was total leukocyte count (P – value < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity and specificity of each single biomarker is low and hence these cannot be used singly to predict bacteraemia. There should be a combination of biomarkers with adequate sensitivity and specificity that can be used to create an algorithm to aid in diagnosis and prognostication. KEYWORDS Procalcitonin, C-Reactive Protein, Blood Culture, Acute Febrile Patient

The incidence and clinical manifestations of human brucellosis in a referral hospital in Southern Saudi Arabia between 2015 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutasim E. Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammad S. Al-Shahrani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Local Health Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Body Ache

AbstractWe determined the incidence and clinical manifestations of human brucellosis from patients who attended a referral hospital in South of Saudi Arabia. A record-based retrospective study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2019 at King Abdulla Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Information on patients’ demographic characteristics, detailed records of signs and symptoms, and the laboratory findings were reviewed. Of 6,586 patients included, 15.8% (n = 1,041) were infected with brucellosis. The age of infected individuals ranged from five to 95 years, with an average of 35.1 ± 21.2 years. Most infected patients were male (72.3%). Young adults (26–44 years) were the most common age group with the disease (34.1%). The annual rate of infection significantly decreased (P < 0.0001) from 33.2% in 2015 to 12.5% in 2019. An escalating number of brucellosis cases was seen in the spring and peaked during the summer. Fever (35.3%), joint pain (25.5%), generalized body ache (10.7%), and neurological symptoms (10.0%) were the most frequent clinical manifestation associated with brucellosis. Joint pain was commonly found among children (44.4%). Neurological findings were more frequent among adult patients. The study concluded that brucellosis is endemic in Southern Saudi Arabia and needs local health authority to implement preventive and educational program measures. Infected patients may present with diverse, nonspecific clinical manifestations that require intuition from clinicians to detect the disease.

Study of predictive value of serum C- reactive protein in diagnosis of acute appendicitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Pradeep Chandra Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Serum Crp

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical condition and the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen. Commonly used tests for diagnosis of acute appendicitis were WBC, CRP ESR and procalcitonin (PCT) levels. In present study we correlated the serum levels of CRP with the histopathology of the removed appendix, to study predictive value of serum C- reactive protein in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Material and Methods:Present study was conducted in patients with possibility of acute appendicitis, underwent appendicectomy. The histopathology report was considered as the final diagnosis. CRP more than 6 mg/dl was considered to be positive. Results: In present study total 88 patients were included. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1, most common age group was 21-30 years (35.23%) followed by 31-40 years (27.27%). Abdominal pain (92.05%), McBurney tenderness (80.68%), vomiting (76.14%), rebound tenderness (67.05%) and fever (55.68%) were common signs and symptoms noted in present study. On histopathology examination, inflammed appendix (51.14%) was most common finding, others were gangrenous appendix (23.86%), perforated appendix (5.68%) and normal appendix (19.32%). In present study diagnostic efficacy of serum CRP was sensitivity (80%), specificity (84.62%), positive predictive value (96.77%), negative predictive value (42.31%), diagnostic accuracy (80.68%). Conclusion. Serum CRP estimation is useful adjunct in diagnosis of acute appendicitis along with clinical diagnosis. Serum CRP value should be interpreted in combination with clinical findings.

scholarly journals Blockage of interleukin-1β with canakinumab in patients with Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Landi ◽  
Claudia Ravaglia ◽  
Emanuele Russo ◽  
Pierluigi Cataleta ◽  
Maurizio Fusari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Counts ◽  
Overall Mortality

AbstractThere is the urgent need to study the effects of immunomodulating agents as therapy for Covid-19. An observational, cohort, prospective study with 30 days of observation was carried out to assess clinical outcomes in 88 patients hospitalized for Covid-19 pneumonia and treated with canakinumab (300 mg sc). Median time from diagnosis of Covid-19 by viral swab to administration of canakinumab was 7.5 days (range 0–30, IQR 4–11). Median PaO2/FiO2 increased from 160 (range 53–409, IQR 122–210) at baseline to 237 (range 72–533, IQR 158–331) at day 7 after treatment with canakinumab (p < 0.0001). Improvement of oxygen support category was observed in 61.4% of cases. Median duration of hospitalization following administration of canakinumab was 6 days (range 0–30, IQR 4–11). At 7 days, 58% of patients had been discharged and 12 (13.6%) had died. Significant differences between baseline and 7 days were observed for absolute lymphocyte counts (mean 0.60 vs 1.11 × 109/L, respectively, p < 0.0001) and C-reactive protein (mean 31.5 vs 5.8 mg/L, respectively, p < 0.0001).Overall survival at 1 month was 79.5% (95% CI 68.7–90.3). Oxygen-support requirements improved and overall mortality was 13.6%. Confirmation of the efficacy of canakinumab for Covid-19 warrants further study in randomized controlled trials.

scholarly journals Stroke as the Sole Manifestation of Takayasu Arteritis in a 15-Year-Old Boy with Latent Tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Benjaminsen ◽  
Anne Reigstad ◽  
Vanja Cengija ◽  
Vibke Lilleby ◽  
Maria Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Takayasu Arteritis ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Takayasu arteritis is a rare disease affecting the aorta and its main branches, causing arterial claudication and end-organ ischemia, including stroke. The etiology is unknown but is believed to be autoimmune. An association between Takayasu arteritis and tuberculosis has been suggested, but the possible relation is unclear.Case Presentation. A 15-year-old Somali boy was diagnosed with latent tuberculosis. He had a lesion in the right lung, and both the tuberculin skin test by the Mantoux method and Quantiferon GOLD test turned out positive. After he suffered a cerebral infarct in the right hemisphere, childhood Takayasu arteritis was diagnosed. The diagnosis was based on diagnostic imaging showing a high-grade stenosis of the origin of the right common carotid artery, an occluded common carotid artery on the left side, a circumferential thickening of the vessel walls in the right and left common carotid artery, and laboratory findings with elevated C-reactive protein.Conclusion. Takayasu arteritis is an uncommon cause of stroke. It should however be kept in mind as a cause of cerebrovascular disease, especially in the young.

scholarly journals Biomarkers for Sepsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Henriquez-Camacho ◽  
Juan Losa
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Empirical Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
New Biomarkers

Bloodstream infections are a major concern because of high levels of antibiotic consumption and of the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteraemia is identified in a small percentage of patients with signs and symptoms of sepsis. Biomarkers are widely used in clinical practice and they are useful for monitoring the infectious process. Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been most widely used, but even these have limited abilities to distinguish sepsis from other inflammatory conditions or to predict outcome. PCT has been used to guide empirical antibacterial therapy in patients with respiratory infections and help to determine if antibacterial therapy can be stopped. New biomarkers such as those in this review will discuss the major types of biomarkers of bloodstream infections/sepsis, including soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen receptor (suPAR), proadrenomedullin (ProADM), and presepsin.

scholarly journals C-Reactive Protein Kinetics in Prognosis of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar Shit ◽  
Sudarsan Pothal ◽  
Aurobindo Behera ◽  
Rekha Manjhi ◽  
Pravati Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Prognosis of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is commonly predicted by on-site assessment of clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters. Sequential measurement of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) which is one of the low-cost biomarkers could be useful in the early identification of poor outcome of VAP. Aim: To assess the prognostic value of progressive CRP levels in patients with VAP and compare with non-VAP group of ventilated patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study at medico-surgical ICU between November 2017 and October 2018. The patients on mechanical ventilator for more than 48 hours were divided into VAP (n=27) and non-VAP group (n=38). VAP was considered based on modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) more than 6 along with microbiological evidence from Tracheal aspirate or Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with consolidation in Chest X-ray. Study subjects were monitored for the development of VAP. CRP measurements were done daily for the first 7 days then on 14th day. The evolution of mean CRP concentration throughout the course of VAP and non-VAP were analysed and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Results: Mean CRP level of VAP patients on the day of diagnosis was almost similar to non-VAP cohort. The mean CRP of non-survivor groups of both VAP and non-VAP patients had shown a gradual increase after day 4. However, the mean CRP after day 4, in the survivor group of both VAP and non-VAP showed either decreasing or unchanged trends. Conclusion: It was evident that the dynamics of the CRP levels in patients with VAP can be used to assess the effects of the therapy for a better outcome.

scholarly journals Sequential C-reactive protein: a cheap and a valuable biomarker in patients with sepsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Vinod Dhakad ◽  
Sushma Trikha ◽  
Neelima Singh ◽  
Archana Kansal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Time Of Admission

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a valuable biomarker of sepsis. Levels of CRP increase very rapidly in response to infection, and decrease just as rapidly with the resolution of the condition. The aim of the research was to study, C-reactive protein levels in patients of sepsis and to study the pattern of CRP levels in patients of Sepsis with hypertension, diabetes, smokers and alcoholics.Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted from December 2016 to September 2018 in 100 cases of sepsis. Patients presenting in emergency with sepsis were included as subjects. C- reactive protein was measured in every patient at the time of admission and after 72 hours.  Facts related to history, clinical examination and biochemical parameters were recorded in a pretyped proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Males outnumbered females. Most of the patients40(40%)  were in the age group of  less than 30 years  age group. CRP levels were markedly elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus (92.2±102.63) as compared to patients with hypertension (36.66±26.97) or both (24.20±12.87). CRP levels were higher in alcoholics (60.59±44.20) as compared to smokers (13.37±10.96).  CRP levels decreased significantly after 72 hours compared to CRP levels at the time of admission (p <0.001) across all patients suggestive of acute infection.Conclusions: Serial CRP measurement, rather than a single determination at the time of admission, is cheap and valuable in the diagnosis of sepsis and in monitoring the response to therapy.  CRP levels shows exaggerated response in diabetes mellitus and alcoholics with sepsis in this study.

scholarly journals Evaluasi dan penatalaksanaan pasien medically-compromised di tempat praktek gigi Evaluation and management of medically compromised patient in dental practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Evy Eida Vitria
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Dental Procedure ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Accurate Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Systemic Condition ◽  
Compromised Patients

As a dentist, before doing dental procedure, especially regarding surgical intervention, It is necessary to ascertainthe general health of the patient whether the condition is safe enough to do dental procedure. This requires anappropriate and accurate evaluation in determining the systemic condition of medically compromised patients,which focus on pathophysiology of the disease, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, currently accepted medicaltherapies, as well as recommendations for specific dental treatment. So, the best possible treatment procedures canbe provided and complications can be avoided.

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