scholarly journals Reduced B12 uptake and increased gastrointestinal formate are associated with archaeome-mediated breath methane emission in humans

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kumpitsch ◽  
Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister ◽  
Alexander Mahnert ◽  
Sonja Lackner ◽  
Marilena Wilding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Fibre Degradation ◽  
Breath Methane

Abstract Background Methane is an end product of microbial fermentation in the human gastrointestinal tract. This gas is solely produced by an archaeal subpopulation of the human microbiome. Increased methane production has been associated with abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, IBD, CRC or other conditions. Twenty percent of the (healthy) Western populations innately exhale substantially higher amounts (>5 ppm) of this gas. The underlying principle for differential methane emission and its effect on human health is not sufficiently understood. Results We assessed the breath methane content, the gastrointestinal microbiome, its function and metabolome, and dietary intake of one-hundred healthy young adults (female: n = 52, male: n = 48; mean age =24.1). On the basis of the amount of methane emitted, participants were grouped into high methane emitters (CH4 breath content 5–75 ppm) and low emitters (CH4 < 5 ppm). The microbiomes of high methane emitters were characterized by a 1000-fold increase in Methanobrevibacter smithii. This archaeon co-occurred with a bacterial community specialized on dietary fibre degradation, which included members of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae. As confirmed by metagenomics and metabolomics, the biology of high methane producers was further characterized by increased formate and acetate levels in the gut. These metabolites were strongly correlated with dietary habits, such as vitamin, fat and fibre intake, and microbiome function, altogether driving archaeal methanogenesis. Conclusions This study enlightens the complex, multi-level interplay of host diet, genetics and microbiome composition/function leading to two fundamentally different gastrointestinal phenotypes and identifies novel points of therapeutic action in methane-associated disorders.

scholarly journals Reduced B12 Uptake and Increased Gastrointestinal Formate Drive Archaeome-Mediated Breath Methane Emission in Humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kumpitsch ◽  
Florian Fischmeister ◽  
Alexander Mahnert ◽  
Sonja Lackner ◽  
Marilena Wilding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Fibre Degradation ◽  
Breath Methane

Abstract Background Methane is an end product of microbial fermentation in the human gastrointestinal tract. This gas is solely produced by an archaeal subpopulation of the human microbiome. Increased methane production has been associated with abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, IBD, CRC or other conditions. Twenty percent of the (healthy) Western populations innately exhale substantially higher amounts (>5 ppm) of this gas. The underlying principle for differential methane emission and its effect on human health was still not sufficiently understood. Results We assessed the breath methane content, gastrointestinal microbiome, metagenome, metabolome, and eating behavior of one-hundred healthy young adults (female: n = 52, male: n = 48; mean age =24.1). On the basis of the amount of methane emitted, participants were grouped into high methane emitters (CH4 breath content 5-75 ppm) and low emitters (CH4 < 5 ppm). The microbiomes of high methane emitters were characterized by a 1000-fold increase in Methanobrevibacter smithii. This archaeon co-occurred with a bacterial community specialized on dietary fibre degradation, which included members of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae. As confirmed by metagenomics and metabolomics, the biology of high methane producers was further characterized by increased formate and acetate levels in the gut. These metabolites were strongly correlated with dietary habits, such as vitamin, fat and fibre intake, host genetics, and microbiome function, altogether driving archaeal methanogenesis. Conclusions This study enlightens the complex, multi-level interplay of host diet, genetics and microbiome composition/function leading to two fundamentally different gastrointestinal phenotypes and identifies novel points of therapeutic action in methane-associated disorders.

scholarly journals Methane emission of humans is explained by dietary habits, host genetics, local formate availability and a uniform archaeome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kumpitsch ◽  
Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister ◽  
Alexander Mahnert ◽  
Sonja Lackner ◽  
Marilena Wilding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
Fibre Degradation

SummaryArchaea are responsible for methane production in the human gastrointestinal tract. Twenty percent of the Western populations exhale substantial amounts of this gas. The underlying principle determining high or low methane emission and its effect on human health was still not sufficiently understood.In this study, we analysed the gastrointestinal microbiome, archaeome, metagenome, metabolome, and eating behaviour of 100 healthy young adults. We correlated high levels of human methane emission (5-75 ppm) with a 1000-fold increase in Methanobrevibacter smithii. This archaeon co-occurred with a bacterial community specialised on dietary fibre degradation, which included members of the Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae. Methane production was negatively affected by high vitamin B12 and fat intake of the subjects, and was positively associated with increased formate concentrations in the gut. Overall, methane emission is explained by dietary habits, host genetics, local metabolite availability and microbiome/archaeome composition, emphasizing the unique biology of high methane-emitters which has potentially positive impact on human health.Abstract FigureGraphical abstract:

scholarly journals The Prenatal Microbiome: A New Player for Human Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria D’Argenio
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Technological Advances

The last few years have featured an increasing interest in the study of the human microbiome and its correlations with health status. Indeed, technological advances have allowed the study of microbial communities to reach a previously unthinkable sensitivity, showing the presence of microbes also in environments usually considered as sterile. In this scenario, microbial communities have been described in the amniotic fluid, the umbilical blood cord, and the placenta, denying a dogma of reproductive medicine that considers the uterus like a sterile womb. This prenatal microbiome may play a role not only in fetal development but also in the predisposition to diseases that may develop later in life, and also in adulthood. Thus, the aim of this review is to report the current knowledge regarding the prenatal microbiome composition, its association with pathological processes, and the future perspectives regarding its manipulation for healthy status promotion and maintenance.

scholarly journals Impact of earthquake-triggered landslides on catchment sediment yield

2015 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
M. Vanmaercke ◽  
F. Obreja ◽  
J. Poesen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sediment Export

Abstract. This study explores the role of seismic activity in explaining spatial and temporal variation in sediment export from the Siret basin in Romania. Based on long-term (>30 years) sediment export measurements for 38 subcatchments, we found that spatial variation in sediment yield (SY) is strongly correlated to the degree of seismic activity and catchment lithology. Combined, these factors explain 80% of the variation in SY. To investigate the role of earthquake-triggered landslides in explaining these correlations, we studied the temporal variability in sediment concentrations before and after the 7.4 Mw earthquake of 1977 for ten subcatchments. Despite the fact that this earthquake triggered many landslides, only one subcatchment showed a clear (3-fold) increase in sediment concentration per unit discharge after the earthquake. This shows that, although prolonged seismic activity strongly controls average SY, individual earthquakes do not necessarily affect sediment export at short timescales.

Abstract 17232: Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Cholesterol Efflux Capacity of Plasma HDL With J774 Mouse Macrophages Reveals Superiority of the Radioactive Cholesterol Method over the BODIPY-Cholesterol-2 Method

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rhainds ◽  
Renaud Julien ◽  
Boulé Marie ◽  
Denis Maxime ◽  
Rhéaume Eric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Efflux Time

Recent clinical studies suggest that raising HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration is insufficient to lower cardiovascular risk and that protection derives from other characteristics of HDL particles. One such characteristic that can be measured in vitro is the cholesterol efflux capacity of plasma, an assay where HDL accepts labelled cholesterol from macrophages. Recently, a method for the measurement of cholesterol efflux with a fluorescent tracer, BODIPY-cholesterol-2 (BC2), has been proposed as an alternative to the radioactive method. We undertook a systematic comparison of BC2 and 3H-cholesterol methods with J774 macrophages in basal and cAMP-stimulated conditions with purified acceptors, plasma from healthy volunteers and patients with myocardial infarction of the Montreal Heart Institute Biobank. Dose-response curves show higher affinity of BC2 vs. 3H cholesterol with apoA-I, HDL and apoB-depleted plasma (all p<0.01) and a higher maximal efflux for HDL and depleted plasma (both p<0.001) in stimulated conditions. This was reflected in a faster kinetics of BC2 efflux compared to 3H-cholesterol efflux (time for half-maximal efflux 4.1h vs. 10.2 h) and resulted in a 2.5-fold increase of BC2 maximal efflux (p<0.01). With 50 normolipidemic plasmas (2.8%, 4h efflux), the two methods were not correlated in basal conditions (r2=0.079) and strongly correlated in stimulated conditions (r2=0.830). BC2 values did not correlate with HDL-C in all conditions, contrary to 3H cholesterol values (p<0.01). Using more complex samples from patients with MI (n=115), the correlations were modest in basal (r2=0.219) and stimulated (r2=0.400) conditions. Differences between controls and MI cases showed reduced significance with BC-2 compared to 3H cholesterol. Lastly, in macrophages examined under the confocal microscope, BC2 labels vesicular structures colocalized with filipin, a free cholesterol marker, suggesting endosomal loading of BC2. Thus, the BC2 method is not equivalent to the classic 3H cholesterol method for cholesterol efflux measurement.

scholarly journals Molecular Reconstruction of the Diet in Human Stool Samples

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Maixner
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Diet Surveys ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Markers

ABSTRACT Understanding dietary effects on the gut microbial composition is one of the key questions in human microbiome research. It is highly important to have reliable dietary data on the stool samples to unambiguously link the microbiome composition to food intake. Often, however, self-reported diet surveys have low accuracy and can be misleading. Thereby, additional molecular biology-based methods could help to revise the diet composition. The article by Reese et al. [A. T. Reese, T. R. Kartzinel, B. L. Petrone, P. J. Turnbaugh, et al., mSystems 4(5):e00458-19, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00458-19] in a recent issue of mSystems describes a DNA metabarcoding strategy targeting chloroplast DNA markers in stool samples from 11 human subjects consuming both controlled and freely selected diets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of this molecular method in detecting plant remains in the sample compared to the written dietary records. This study displays an important first step in implementing molecular dietary reconstructions in stool microbiome studies which will finally help to increase the accuracy of dietary metadata.

scholarly journals Health and disease markers correlate with gut microbiome composition across thousands of people

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohad Manor ◽  
Chengzhen L. Dai ◽  
Sergey A. Kornilov ◽  
Brett Smith ◽  
Nathan D. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Abstract Variation in the human gut microbiome can reflect host lifestyle and behaviors and influence disease biomarker levels in the blood. Understanding the relationships between gut microbes and host phenotypes are critical for understanding wellness and disease. Here, we examine associations between the gut microbiota and ~150 host phenotypic features across ~3,400 individuals. We identify major axes of taxonomic variance in the gut and a putative diversity maximum along the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes axis. Our analyses reveal both known and unknown associations between microbiome composition and host clinical markers and lifestyle factors, including host-microbe associations that are composition-specific. These results suggest potential opportunities for targeted interventions that alter the composition of the microbiome to improve host health. By uncovering the interrelationships between host diet and lifestyle factors, clinical blood markers, and the human gut microbiome at the population-scale, our results serve as a roadmap for future studies on host-microbe interactions and interventions.

scholarly journals Future prospects for dissecting inter-individual variability in the absorption, distribution and elimination of plant bioactives of relevance for cardiometabolic endpoints

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (S2) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikard Landberg ◽  
Claudine Manach ◽  
Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof ◽  
Anne-Marie Minihane ◽  
Rasha Noureldin M. Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Purpose The health-promoting potential of food-derived plant bioactive compounds is evident but not always consistent across studies. Large inter-individual variability may originate from differences in digestion, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). ADME can be modulated by age, sex, dietary habits, microbiome composition, genetic variation, drug exposure and many other factors. Within the recent COST Action POSITIVe, large-scale literature surveys were undertaken to identify the reasons and extent of inter-individual variability in ADME of selected plant bioactive compounds of importance to cardiometabolic health. The aim of the present review is to summarize the findings and suggest a framework for future studies designed to investigate the etiology of inter-individual variability in plant bioactive ADME and bioefficacy. Results Few studies have reported individual data on the ADME of bioactive compounds and on determinants such as age, diet, lifestyle, health status and medication, thereby limiting a mechanistic understanding of the main drivers of variation in ADME processes observed across individuals. Metabolomics represent crucial techniques to decipher inter-individual variability and to stratify individuals according to metabotypes reflecting the intrinsic capacity to absorb and metabolize bioactive compounds. Conclusion A methodological framework was developed to decipher how the contribution from genetic variants or microbiome variants to ADME of bioactive compounds can be predicted. Future study design should include (1) a larger number of study participants, (2) individual and full profiling of all possible determinants of internal exposure, (3) the presentation of individual ADME data and (4) incorporation of omics platforms, such as genomics, microbiomics and metabolomics in ADME and efficacy studies.

scholarly journals Phospholipase D activity in phagocytic leucocytes is synergistically regulated by G-protein- and tyrosine kinase-based mechanisms

1993 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Dubyak ◽  
S J Schomisch ◽  
D J Kusner ◽  
M Xie
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Phosphorylated Proteins ◽  
Rapid Accumulation ◽  
Pre Treatment

The regulation of phospholipase D (PLD)-type effector enzymes by G-proteins and protein kinases/phosphatases was characterized in the U937 human promonocytic leucocyte line. PLD activity was assayed by measuring (in the presence of 1% ethanol) the accumulation of phosphatidylethanol in cells permeabilized with beta-escin, a saponin-like detergent. Basal PLD activity was very low when cells were permeabilized and incubated in cytosol-like medium containing micromolar [Ca2+]. When this medium was supplemented with exogenous MgATP or guanosine 5′-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]), PLD activity increased by 9- and 14-fold respectively. Cells permeabilized in the absence of exogenously added MgATP, but in the presence of 1 microM vanadate/100 microM H2O2, also exhibited a modest 12-fold increase in PLD activity. However, the simultaneous presence of either GTP[S] plus exogenous MgATP or GTP[S] plus vanadate/H2O2 (and endogenous MgATP) induced similar 60-75-fold increases in the rate and extent of phosphatidylethanol accumulation. These latter effects of vanadate/H2O2 were strongly correlated with the very rapid accumulation of multiple tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. Other studies utilized cells which were permeabilized in the presence of GTP[S] and then washed before assay of PLD. These cells retained approximately 60% of the MgATP-regulatable PLD activity (EC50 approximately = to 100 microM MgATP) observed in freshly permeabilized non-washed cells. In the absence of GTP[S] pre-treatment, washed cells retained minimal PLD activity. Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly attenuated the ability of MgATP to stimulate PLD activity and accumulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in the washed GTP[S]-treated cells. These data suggest that PLD activity in myeloid leucocytes involves co-ordinate regulation by both G-protein(s) and tyrosine phosphorylation.

An effect of host diet on the attraction of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to host odour

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Vale
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Visual Targets

AbstractIn Zimbabwe, field studies were made of the extent to which catches of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. and G. pallidipes Aust. from stationary visual targets plus ox odour were changed by maintaining the ox on normal, starving or fattening diets. A fattening diet after a week of starvation often produced a several-fold increase in catches in a few days, followed by a declining catch associated with lack of appetite, and a further increase in catch when appetite was restored. Carbon dioxide and acetone emitted by the oxen could not account fully for the level and variations of catches.

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