PTSD prevalence among resident mothers and their offspring in Rwanda 25 years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi

Abstract Background The 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi was a major traumatic event affecting nearly all Rwandans. Significant psychological sequels continue to occur in the population 25 years after, with a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) found in women. Three groups are typically designated with regard to the Genocide against the Tutsi: those who were targeted and categorized as genocide “survivors,” those who were in the country during the genocide and were the “non-targeted” group, and those who were outside of the country, referred to as the “1959 returnees.” Each group experienced various traumatic events during and in the aftermath of the genocide. Offspring of the designated groups, currently exhibit symptoms of PTSD disregarding of being born in the years following the genocide. A number of studies have described the prevalence of PTSD in the general adult population. There is a lack of research comparing the prevalence of PTSD in women and their offspring among these three target groups, therefore, this study aimed to bridge the gap. Methods We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study with a sample of 432 mothers and 432 children in three categories: genocide survivors, in country non-targeted and 1959 returnees. Participant ages for children were between 14 to 22 years and for mothers, between the ages of 32 to 87 years. The UCLA-PTSD DSM-5, PTSD Check list-5 and Life events Checklist-5 were translated from English to Kinyarwanda and were used to assess exposure to trauma and the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in Rwandan mothers and their offspring. Results Key Results yield a PTSD rate of 18.8, 6.2, 5.2% within survivors, in country non-targeted, and returnees respectively with an average PTSD rate of 43.8% for parents, and 16.5% for offspring. Conclusion PTSD among the mothers’ groups and their offspring have been found, specifically in the offspring of genocide survivors. Considering these adolescents were not born at the time of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, the results suggest future studies should explore the precipitating factors contributing to the PTSD symptoms within this specific group.

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Association of Dietary and Lifestyle Inflammation Score With Metabolic Syndrome in a Sample of Iranian Adults

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.735174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi ◽

Ahmad Jayedi ◽

Elaheh Asgari ◽

Zahra Akbarzadeh ◽

Nasim Janbozorgi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Adult Population ◽

Positive Association ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Adult Population ◽

Education Status ◽

Inflammation Score

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between the dietary and lifestyle inflammation score (DLIS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a sample of Iranian adults.Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.Setting: General adult population living in Tehran, Iran.Subjects: We included 827 adult men and women with an age range of 18–59 years who were referred to health centers in different districts of Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168 items. The DLIS was calculated based on four components, including dietary inflammation score, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and general obesity. Higher DLIS represents a more proinflammatory diet and lifestyle. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the MetS across quartiles of the DLIS was calculated by using logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, energy intake, marital status, education status, and occupation.Results: A total of 827 participants (31% men) were included, with a mean age of 44.7 ± 10.7 years. The prevalence of the MetS was 30.5%. The DLIS ranged between −2.35 and +3.19 (mean ± SD: 0.54 ± 1.09). There was a significant positive association between the DLIS and odds of MetS (OR fourthvs.thefirstquartile: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01–2.45) in the fully adjusted model.Conclusion: Our results showed a significant positive association between the DLIS and odds of MetS. The results of the present crosssectional study suggested that having a more proinflammatory lifestyle can be associated with MetS. More prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings.

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Associations between different types and sources of dietary fibre intake and depressive symptoms in a general population of adults: a cross-sectional study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520003566 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yang Xia ◽

Yashu Liu ◽

Shunming Zhang ◽

Qing Zhang ◽

Li Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Adult Population ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Adult Population ◽

Dietary Fibre Intake

Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between dietary fibre (DF) intake and depressive symptoms in a general adult population in Tianjin, China. A total of 24 306 participants (mean age 41 years; range 18–91 years) were enrolled. DF intake was assessed using a validated self-administered FFQ. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Associations between DF intake and depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Socio-demographic, behavioural, health status and dietary factors were adjusted. In men, compared with participants in the lowest quartiles for total, soluble, vegetable and soya DF, OR for depressive symptoms in the highest were 0·83 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·99), 0·74 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·87), 0·79 (95 % CI 0·65, 0·96) and 0·69 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·81), respectively. In women, compared with participants in the lowest quartiles for vegetable and soya DF, the OR for depressive symptoms in the highest were 0·77 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·93) and 0·82 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·95), respectively. No association was found between total or soluble DF intake and depressive symptoms in women. No association was found between insoluble, cereal, fruit or tuber DF intake and depressive symptoms in men and women. Linear associations between DF intake and depressive symptoms were only detected for soya DF (men, β = –0·148, P < 0·0001; women, β = –0·069, P = 0·04). Results suggest that intake of soluble, vegetable and soya DF was inversely associated with depressive symptoms. These results should be confirmed through prospective and interventional studies.

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Association between the use of electronic cigarettes and the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Rhinology Journal ◽

10.4193/rhin21.287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

M.-S. Rha ◽

H.-J. Cho ◽

J.-H. Yoon ◽

C.-H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Adult Population ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Airway Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

High Prevalence

Background: Whether the use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) is associated with upper airway diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR), remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed data from the nationwide cross-sectional surveys: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013–2015), VII (2016–2018), and VIII (2019). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between EC use and CRS or AR. Results: Among a total of 38,413 participants, 6.4% were former EC users and 2.5% were current EC users. Former EC users and current EC showed a significantly increased OR for CRS or AR compared with never EC users. In the subgroup analysis, the “current CC (conventional cigarette)-current EC” and the “current CC-formal EC” group had a significantly higher OR for CRS or AR than the “current CC-never EC” group. In addition, former CC smokers who currently use ECs showed a significantly higher OR for AR than former CC smokers without EC use. Conclusions: EC use is significantly associated with a high prevalence of CRS and AR in the adult population. These results indicate that the use of ECs may increase the risk of upper airway disease.

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The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Spain

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76511-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lucía Silva-Fernández ◽

Cristina Macía-Villa ◽

Daniel Seoane-Mato ◽

Raúl Cortés-Verdú ◽

Antonio Romero-Pérez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Adult Population ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Adult Population

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) prevalence is believed to be around 1% worldwide, although it varies considerably among different populations. The aim of EPISER2016 study was to estimate the prevalence of RA in the general adult population in Spain. We designed a population-based cross-sectional study. A national survey was conducted between November 2016 and October 2017 involving a probabilistic sample from the general population aged 20 years or older. Subjects were randomly selected for phone screening using a computer-assisted telephone interviewer system. Positive RA screening results were evaluated by a rheumatologist. Cases fulfilled the 1987 ACR and/or the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria; previous diagnosis established by a rheumatologist and clearly identified in medical records were also accepted regardless of the criteria used. Prevalence estimates with 95% CI were calculated taking into account the design of the sample (weighting based on age, sex, and geographic origin using as a reference the distribution of the population in Spain). 4916 subjects participated in the study and 39 RA cases were confirmed. RA estimated prevalence was 0.82% (95% CI 0.59–1.15). Mean age of RA cases was 60.48 (14.85) years, they were more frequently women (61.5%), from urban areas (74.4%), non-smokers (43.6%), and with a high body mass index (53.8% with overweight). Extrapolating to the population in Spain (approximately 37 million are ≥ 20 years old), it was estimated that there were between 220,000 and 430,000 people aged 20 years or older with RA. No undiagnosed cases were detected, which could be related to the establishment of early arthritis clinics around the country, increasing the rates of diagnosis during early phases of RA.

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Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/1472-6823-13-47 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 208

Author(s):

Pilar Gayoso-Diz ◽

Alfonso Otero-González ◽

María Xosé Rodriguez-Alvarez ◽

Francisco Gude ◽

Fernando García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Effect ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gender And Age ◽

General Adult Population

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Predictors of perceived barriers to physical activity in the general adult population: a cross-sectional study

Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.bjpt.2016.04.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 44-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Yaneth Herazo-Beltrán ◽

Yisel Pinillos ◽

José Vidarte ◽

Estela Crissien ◽

Damaris Suarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Adult Population ◽

Barriers To Physical Activity

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Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine and its Related Determinants among the General Adult Population in Kuwait

Medical Principles and Practice ◽

10.1159/000514636 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yosor Alqudeimat ◽

Deema Alenezi ◽

Bedour AlHajri ◽

Heba Alfouzan ◽

Zain Almokhaizeem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Preventive Measure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

General Adult Population ◽

Health Related ◽

Study Participants ◽

Public Health Strategies ◽

Prevalence Ratios

Objective: To determine the acceptance of a potential coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among the general adult population in Kuwait and assess its determinants. Subjects and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted by enrolling adults living in Kuwait (n = 2368; aged ≥21 years). Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine was inferred if participants indicated that they “definitely or probably will accept vaccination against COVID-19 once a vaccine is available.” Associations were explored by applying a modified Poisson regression to estimate and infer adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: In total, 53.1% (1257/2368) of the participants were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine once available. Male subjects were more willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine than females (58.3% vs. 50.9%, P < 0.001). Subjects who viewed vaccines in general to have health-related risks were less willing to accept vaccination (aPR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.35-0.44). Moreover, participants who previously received an influenza vaccine were more likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine (aPR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-1.58). Willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 increased as the self-perceived chances of contracting the infection increased (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Overall, 53.1% of the study participants demonstrated willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19. We found several factors influencing the level of acceptance. Since vaccination appears to be an essential preventive measure that can halt the COVID-19 pandemic, factors relating to low vaccine acceptance need to be urgently addressed by public health strategies.

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Associations between dairy consumption and constipation in adults: A cross-sectional study

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/02601060211004784 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010602110047

Author(s):

Hajara Aslam ◽

Mohammadreza Mohebbi ◽

Anu Ruusunen ◽

Samantha L Dawson ◽

Lana J Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Dairy Consumption ◽

General Adult Population ◽

Geelong Osteoporosis Study ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Dairy Milk

Objective: The current study aimed to assess the association between dairy consumption and constipation in the general adult population. Design: Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study were used to assess the association between dairy consumption and constipation in women ( n=632) and men ( n=609). Information on milk, yogurt and cheese, and constipation were self-reported. Total dairy was calculated by summing the intake of milk, yogurt and cheese and expressed as servings per day. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for irritable bowel syndrome, major depressive disorders, mobility, body mass index, age and fibre intake were used to examine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between the consumption of categories of total dairy, milk, yogurt, cheese, and constipation. Results: In women, consumption of 1–2 servings/d of total dairy was associated with reduced odds for constipation (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26-0.90; P=0.021) compared to consuming <1 serving/d of total dairy after adjusting for covariates. Also, consumption of 1–4 servings/d of milk was associated with marginally reduced odds for constipation (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.39-1.02; P=0.058) compared to women who consumed <1 serving/d of milk after adjusting for covariates. There were no significant associations detected between other types of dairy consumption and constipation in women, and none in men. Conclusion: In women, consumption of moderate amounts of dairy is associated with reduced odds for constipation whereas in men no associations were detected between dairy consumption and constipation. Further studies are warranted to confirm results.

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