scholarly journals Current state of populations of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) in East Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serik A. Kubentayev ◽  
Moldir Zh. Zhumagul ◽  
Meruyert S. Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Daniar T. Alibekov ◽  
Jurii A. Kotukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Current State ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
June July

Abstract Background Based on world experience, first, a modern assessment of the flora is needed to develop strategies for the conservation of ecosystems of rare and endangered plant species. A regional and global biodiversity strategy should focus on assessing the current state of bioresources. To preserve the biodiversity of the species and its habitat, we evaluated botanical features, ontogenetic phases, the ecological and phytocenotic structure of the rare and endangered of Rhodiola rosea L. (golden rose root) populations from the highlands of Eastern Kazakhstan. Results R. rosea in the study region lives on damp mossy rocks, rocky slopes, overgrown moraines and along the banks of mountain rivers in the upper limit of cedar-larch forests, subalpine and alpine belts, in the altitude limit of 1700–2400 m. In the studied region, R. rosea begins to vegetate in May–June, blooms in June–July, the fruits ripen in August. The species is encountered in the high mountain ranges of the Kazakh Altai and Saur-Tarabagatai. Unfavorable habitat conditions for the species are overgrown by sedge-grass and birch-moss communities. The most common species at sites with R. rosea are: Schulzia crinita, Achillea ledebourii, Doronicum altaicum, Macropodium nivale, Hylotelephium telephium, Rhodiola algida, Carex capillaris, C. aterrima. Ontogenetic study revealed that all age-related phases were present, with the exception of the senile states. Individual life expectancy shown to be 50–55 years. The analysis of the species composition in the communities with R. rosea showed that the leading families in terms of the number of accompanying species are Poaceae, Ranunculaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Caryophyllaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae; while the most dominant genera are: Carex, Aconitum, Dracocephalum, Festuca, Pedicularis, Poa, Salix; the ecological groups are dominated by psychrophytes, mesophytes mesopsychrophytes; the Asian, Eurasian, and Holarctic groups are the most represented groups. Dominant life forms according to Serebyakov were rod-rooted, brush-rooted, short-rooted and long-rooted grasses, while based on Raunkiaer’s groups the overwhelming majority consisted of Hemincryptophytes (74%). Conclusions The R. rosea populations of Kazakhstan represent an important gene stock of the species. Our study provides new insights into the species’ biology thus contributes to the conservation of biodiversity on a wide spatial scale.

scholarly journals Current State of Populations of Rhodiola Rosea L. (Crassulaceae) in East Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serik Kubentayev ◽  
Moldir Zhumagul ◽  
Meruyert Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Daniar Alibekov ◽  
Juri Kotuhov Kotuhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Abstract Background: Based on world experience, first, a modern assessment of the flora is needed to develop strategies and tactics for the conservation of ecosystems of rare and endangered plant species. A regional and global biodiversity strategy should focus on assessing the current state of bioresources. In this regard, to preserve the biodiversity, the botanical features, the ontogenetic state, the ecological and phytocenotic structure of the rare endangered species Rh. rosea in the highlands of Eastern Kazakhstan were studied.Results: Ten populations of Rh. rosea were identified under various ecological and geomorphological conditions with a detailed description of the structure of the plant community. Systematic analysis of the plant community with Rh. rosea shows that the families Poaceae Barnhart, Ranunculaceae Juss., Asteraceae Bercht, J. Presl, Rosaceae Juss. and the leaders in the number of species are Caryophyllaceae Juss., Apiaceae Lindl., Fabaceae Lindl., Polygonaceae Juss. They make up 97 (69%) of the species in the plant community. Ecological analysis data show that the plant community is dominated by psychrophytes (32%), mesophytes (28%), mesopsychrophytes (11%) and mesoxerophytes (7%). Chorological analysis of plant populations with rh factor. rosea indicates that the Asian group (39%), the Eurasian group (30%), and the Holarctic group (20%) are the most widely represented. In Rh. rosea populations, it is most often found with Schulzia crinita, Achillea ledebourii, Doronicum altaicum, Macropodium nivale, Hylotelephium telephium, Rhodiola algida, Carex capillaris, C. aterrima, C. stenocarpa, Euphorbia pilosa, Trifolium lupinast. In the ontogenesis of Rh. rosea, all age-related conditions were identified, with the exception of the prussic condition, and the life expectancy is 50-55 years.Conclusions: The state of Rh. rosea populations is assessed as satisfactory, capable of self-sufficiency mainly due to vegetative reproduction. Seed renewal is low as a result of seedling death in the early stages of development due to extreme habitat conditions. In communities with Rh. rosea, one - and two-species families predominate, which indicates the complexity of the process of florogenesis in extreme conditions of existence. In general, the distribution of life forms, ecological groups, and species composition of communities with Rh. the participation of the rose is natural for extreme conditions of existence.

scholarly journals Analysis of flora of the medicinal plants of the Atyrau region

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Meruert Sagyndykova ◽  
◽  
Akzhunis Imanbayeva ◽  
Margarita Ishmuratova ◽  
Gulnara Gassanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Medicinal plants are important sources of biologically active substances and phytopreparations for the prevention and treatment of diseases. In Kazakhstan, the regions of the Western Kazakhstan remain poorly studied in relation to wild medicinal plants. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the species composition of medicinal plants of the flora of the Atyrau region and their ranking by life forms, ecological groups, the degree of distribution and possibility of application in medical practice. Based on the analysis of literary sources and the results of own field studies in the Atyrau region, 177 species of medicinal plants belonging to 118 genera and 46 families are identified. The largest number of species of medicinal plants is noted in Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae and Polygonaceae families. According to the degree of distribution, 4 groups of plants are identified: i) widespread plants, but growing sporadically, not forming thickets (128 species); ii) rare and endangered plants, not to be harvested for raw materials (11 species); iii) plants, forming small thickets (23 taxa); iv) plants, forming significant thickets suitable for industrial harvesting (15 taxa). Among the medicinal plants of the Atyrau region, 6 ecological groups were identified in relation to humidification conditions: hydrophytes, hygrophytes, mesophytes, mesoxerophytes, xerosesophytes and xerophytes. 8 groups of life forms are defined. The largest number of species is concentrated in the group of perennial herbaceous plants — 105 taxa. 128 taxa are allocated for use in folk medicine, 49 species — in official medicine. 12 pharmaceutical-therapeutic groups of plants for treatment of diseases of various etiologies are identified.

Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Steppe Species

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>

Cryobanking of Amphibian Genetic Recourses in Russia: Past and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Victor K. Uteshev ◽  
Edith N. Gakhova ◽  
Ludmila I. Kramarova ◽  
Natalia V. Shishova ◽  
Svetlana A. Kaurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cell Biophysics ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In modern biology, a search for efficient and safe ways of long-term storage of animal genomes is vital for the survival of rare and endangered species. To date, the only reliable method of prolonging the preservation of genome is deep freezing of somatic and reproductive cells, including spermatozoa. Here we overview the current state of reproductive technologies and present the cryopresevation strategies of genetic material of selected amphibian species. These strategies were developed at the Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia. Cryopreservation could help managing the threatened populations of amphibian species through genome storage and mediate the production of healthy animals from the stored material.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE POLICIES AND TECHNOLOGIES TO INCREASE ACCESS TO HEARING AIDS FOR ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S828-S829
Author(s):  
Michael Yong ◽  
Amber Willink ◽  
Catherine McMahon ◽  
Bradley McPherson ◽  
Carrie L Nieman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The World ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Abstract As the proportion of older adults in the world’s total population continues to grow, the deleterious downstream health economic outcomes of age-related hearing loss are steadily becoming more prevalent. While recent research has shown that age-related hearing loss is the single greatest modifiable risk factor for dementia, the rate of hearing aid use remains low in many countries across the globe. Reasons for poor uptake are multifactorial and likely involve a combination of factors, ranging from increasing costs of hearing aid technology to lack of widespread insurance coverage. This paper aims to first identify the current state of hearing aid access across the world using eight representative countries as examples. We then provide recommendations on how to facilitate greater access to hearing aids for consumers by addressing areas in regulation, technology, reimbursement, and workforce.

Effects of Ageing on the Motor Unit: A Brief Review

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Doherty ◽  
Anthony A. Vandervoort ◽  
William F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Key Words Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Current State ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
And Function

This review briefly summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding age related changes in skeletal muscle, followed by a more in-depth review of ageing effects on animal and human motor units (MUs). Ageing in humans is generally associated with reductions in muscle mass (atrophy), leading to reduced voluntary and electrically evoked contractile strength by the 7th decade for most muscle groups studied. As well, contraction and one-half relaxation times are typically prolonged in muscles of the elderly. Evidence from animal and human studies points toward age associated MU loss as the primary mechanism for muscle atrophy, and such losses may be greatest among the largest and fastest MUs. However, based on studies in animals and humans, it appears that at least some of the surviving MUs are able to partially compensate for MU losses, as indicated by an increase in the average MU size with age. The fact that muscles in the elderly have fewer, but on average larger and slower, MUs has important implications for motor control and function in this population. Key words: skeletal muscle, motor neuron, motor axon, contractile properties, adaptation

Terrestrial avifauna of the Gippsland Plain and Strzelecki Ranges, Victoria, Australia: insights from Atlas data

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Q. Radford ◽  
Andrew F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Reporting Rate ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Typical Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Landscape Units

The rate and spatial scale at which natural environments are being modified by human land-uses mean that a regional or national perspective is necessary to understand the status of the native biota. Here, we outline a landscape-based approach for using data from the ‘New Atlas of Australian Birds’ to examine the distribution and status of avifauna at a regional scale. We use data from two bioregions in south-east Australia – the Gippsland Plain and the Strzelecki Ranges (collectively termed the greater Gippsland Plains) – to demonstrate this approach. Records were compiled for 57 landscape units, each 10′ latitude by 10′ longitude (~270 km2) across the study region. A total of 165 terrestrial bird species was recorded from 1870 ‘area searches’, with a further 24 species added from incidental observations and other surveys. Of these, 108 species were considered ‘typical’ of the greater Gippsland Plain in that they currently or historically occur regularly in the study region. An index of species ‘occurrence’, combining reporting rate and breadth of distribution, was used to identify rare, common, widespread and restricted species. Ordination of the dataset highlighted assemblages of birds that had similar spatial distributions. A complementarity analysis identified a subset of 14 landscape units that together contained records from at least three different landscape units for each of the 108 ‘typical’ species. When compared with the 40 most common ‘typical’ species, the 40 least common species were more likely to be forest specialists, nest on the ground and, owing to the prevalence of raptors in the least common group, take prey on the wing. The future status of the terrestrial avifauna of the greater Gippsland Plains will depend on the extent to which effective restoration actions can be undertaken to ensure adequate representation of habitats for all species, especially for the large number of species of conservation concern.

scholarly journals Closing the Capacity-Ability Gap: Using Technology to Support Aging With Disability

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L Mitzner ◽  
Jon A Sanford ◽  
Wendy A Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Great Promise ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Current State ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technology Intervention ◽  
Bridge Models ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract There is a critical need to develop supports for older adults who have a wide range of abilities, including those aging with long-term impairments. Without appropriate support, many individuals will be functioning below optimal levels and will face participation barriers. Technology holds great promise to provide individualized support for a wide range of abilities and for a variety of domains. To ensure technology interventions are designed well and meet research-documented user requirements, we need more specific, actionable models to provide guidance for those developing and designing interventions. In this paper, we present the TechSAge Aging and Disability Model to bridge models from the aging and disability literatures and to disambiguate the population of individuals aging into disability from those aging with disability (i.e., pre-existing impairments). We also present the TechSAge Technology Intervention Model to support aging with pre-existing impairments, which provides direction and touch points for technology interventions. These models reflect the complex and dynamic interaction between age-related changes and an individual’s prior capabilities and limitations. We describe the need for these models with respect to filling a gap in the disability and aging literature by highlighting the importance of differentiating between age-related changes and long-term impairments when designing interventions. We also show the need for quantitative and qualitative data to refine the models given complexities of the current state of the literature and survey data. The TechSAge Technology Intervention Model can be used to drive and inform technology redesign and development.

scholarly journals Mountain glaciers of southeast Siberia: current state and changes since the Little Ice Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (66) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Osipov ◽  
O.P. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Glacier Changes

AbstractContemporary glaciers of southeast Siberia are located on three high-mountain ridges (east Sayan, Baikalsky and Kodar). In this study, we present an updated glacier inventory based on high- to middle-resolution satellite imagery and field investigations. The inventory includes 51 glaciers with a total area of - 15 km2. Areas of individual glaciers vary from 0.06 to 1.33 km2, lengths from 130 to 2010 m and elevations from 1796 to 3490 m. The recent ice maximum extents (Little Ice Age) have been delineated from terminal moraines. On average, debris-free surface area shrunk by 59% between 1850 and 2006/11 (0.37% a–1), by 44% between 1850 and 2001/02 (0.29% a–1) and by 27% between 2001/02 and 2006/11 (3.39% a–1). The Kodar glaciers have experienced the largest area shrinkage, while the area loss on Baikalsky ridge was more moderate. Glacier changes are mainly related to regional summer temperature increase (by 1.7-2.6C from 1970 to 2010). There are some differences in glacier response due to different spatial patterns of snow accumulation, local topography (e.g. glacier elevation, slope) and geological activity. The studied glaciers (especially of Kodar ridge) are the most sensitive in Siberia to climate change since the late 20th century.

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