scholarly journals Current State of Populations of Rhodiola Rosea L. (Crassulaceae) in East Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serik Kubentayev ◽  
Moldir Zhumagul ◽  
Meruyert Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Daniar Alibekov ◽  
Juri Kotuhov Kotuhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Abstract Background: Based on world experience, first, a modern assessment of the flora is needed to develop strategies and tactics for the conservation of ecosystems of rare and endangered plant species. A regional and global biodiversity strategy should focus on assessing the current state of bioresources. In this regard, to preserve the biodiversity, the botanical features, the ontogenetic state, the ecological and phytocenotic structure of the rare endangered species Rh. rosea in the highlands of Eastern Kazakhstan were studied.Results: Ten populations of Rh. rosea were identified under various ecological and geomorphological conditions with a detailed description of the structure of the plant community. Systematic analysis of the plant community with Rh. rosea shows that the families Poaceae Barnhart, Ranunculaceae Juss., Asteraceae Bercht, J. Presl, Rosaceae Juss. and the leaders in the number of species are Caryophyllaceae Juss., Apiaceae Lindl., Fabaceae Lindl., Polygonaceae Juss. They make up 97 (69%) of the species in the plant community. Ecological analysis data show that the plant community is dominated by psychrophytes (32%), mesophytes (28%), mesopsychrophytes (11%) and mesoxerophytes (7%). Chorological analysis of plant populations with rh factor. rosea indicates that the Asian group (39%), the Eurasian group (30%), and the Holarctic group (20%) are the most widely represented. In Rh. rosea populations, it is most often found with Schulzia crinita, Achillea ledebourii, Doronicum altaicum, Macropodium nivale, Hylotelephium telephium, Rhodiola algida, Carex capillaris, C. aterrima, C. stenocarpa, Euphorbia pilosa, Trifolium lupinast. In the ontogenesis of Rh. rosea, all age-related conditions were identified, with the exception of the prussic condition, and the life expectancy is 50-55 years.Conclusions: The state of Rh. rosea populations is assessed as satisfactory, capable of self-sufficiency mainly due to vegetative reproduction. Seed renewal is low as a result of seedling death in the early stages of development due to extreme habitat conditions. In communities with Rh. rosea, one - and two-species families predominate, which indicates the complexity of the process of florogenesis in extreme conditions of existence. In general, the distribution of life forms, ecological groups, and species composition of communities with Rh. the participation of the rose is natural for extreme conditions of existence.

scholarly journals Current state of populations of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) in East Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serik A. Kubentayev ◽  
Moldir Zh. Zhumagul ◽  
Meruyert S. Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Daniar T. Alibekov ◽  
Jurii A. Kotukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Current State ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
June July

Abstract Background Based on world experience, first, a modern assessment of the flora is needed to develop strategies for the conservation of ecosystems of rare and endangered plant species. A regional and global biodiversity strategy should focus on assessing the current state of bioresources. To preserve the biodiversity of the species and its habitat, we evaluated botanical features, ontogenetic phases, the ecological and phytocenotic structure of the rare and endangered of Rhodiola rosea L. (golden rose root) populations from the highlands of Eastern Kazakhstan. Results R. rosea in the study region lives on damp mossy rocks, rocky slopes, overgrown moraines and along the banks of mountain rivers in the upper limit of cedar-larch forests, subalpine and alpine belts, in the altitude limit of 1700–2400 m. In the studied region, R. rosea begins to vegetate in May–June, blooms in June–July, the fruits ripen in August. The species is encountered in the high mountain ranges of the Kazakh Altai and Saur-Tarabagatai. Unfavorable habitat conditions for the species are overgrown by sedge-grass and birch-moss communities. The most common species at sites with R. rosea are: Schulzia crinita, Achillea ledebourii, Doronicum altaicum, Macropodium nivale, Hylotelephium telephium, Rhodiola algida, Carex capillaris, C. aterrima. Ontogenetic study revealed that all age-related phases were present, with the exception of the senile states. Individual life expectancy shown to be 50–55 years. The analysis of the species composition in the communities with R. rosea showed that the leading families in terms of the number of accompanying species are Poaceae, Ranunculaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Caryophyllaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae; while the most dominant genera are: Carex, Aconitum, Dracocephalum, Festuca, Pedicularis, Poa, Salix; the ecological groups are dominated by psychrophytes, mesophytes mesopsychrophytes; the Asian, Eurasian, and Holarctic groups are the most represented groups. Dominant life forms according to Serebyakov were rod-rooted, brush-rooted, short-rooted and long-rooted grasses, while based on Raunkiaer’s groups the overwhelming majority consisted of Hemincryptophytes (74%). Conclusions The R. rosea populations of Kazakhstan represent an important gene stock of the species. Our study provides new insights into the species’ biology thus contributes to the conservation of biodiversity on a wide spatial scale.

scholarly journals Analysis of flora of the medicinal plants of the Atyrau region

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Meruert Sagyndykova ◽  
◽  
Akzhunis Imanbayeva ◽  
Margarita Ishmuratova ◽  
Gulnara Gassanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Rare And Endangered

Medicinal plants are important sources of biologically active substances and phytopreparations for the prevention and treatment of diseases. In Kazakhstan, the regions of the Western Kazakhstan remain poorly studied in relation to wild medicinal plants. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the species composition of medicinal plants of the flora of the Atyrau region and their ranking by life forms, ecological groups, the degree of distribution and possibility of application in medical practice. Based on the analysis of literary sources and the results of own field studies in the Atyrau region, 177 species of medicinal plants belonging to 118 genera and 46 families are identified. The largest number of species of medicinal plants is noted in Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae and Polygonaceae families. According to the degree of distribution, 4 groups of plants are identified: i) widespread plants, but growing sporadically, not forming thickets (128 species); ii) rare and endangered plants, not to be harvested for raw materials (11 species); iii) plants, forming small thickets (23 taxa); iv) plants, forming significant thickets suitable for industrial harvesting (15 taxa). Among the medicinal plants of the Atyrau region, 6 ecological groups were identified in relation to humidification conditions: hydrophytes, hygrophytes, mesophytes, mesoxerophytes, xerosesophytes and xerophytes. 8 groups of life forms are defined. The largest number of species is concentrated in the group of perennial herbaceous plants — 105 taxa. 128 taxa are allocated for use in folk medicine, 49 species — in official medicine. 12 pharmaceutical-therapeutic groups of plants for treatment of diseases of various etiologies are identified.

Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Steppe Species

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>

Cryobanking of Amphibian Genetic Recourses in Russia: Past and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Victor K. Uteshev ◽  
Edith N. Gakhova ◽  
Ludmila I. Kramarova ◽  
Natalia V. Shishova ◽  
Svetlana A. Kaurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cell Biophysics ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In modern biology, a search for efficient and safe ways of long-term storage of animal genomes is vital for the survival of rare and endangered species. To date, the only reliable method of prolonging the preservation of genome is deep freezing of somatic and reproductive cells, including spermatozoa. Here we overview the current state of reproductive technologies and present the cryopresevation strategies of genetic material of selected amphibian species. These strategies were developed at the Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia. Cryopreservation could help managing the threatened populations of amphibian species through genome storage and mediate the production of healthy animals from the stored material.

scholarly journals Regulatory and legal means of ensuring food security and its role in the implementation of national priorities of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Nikolay Sarayev ◽  
Svetlana Studenikina
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
State Management ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

The purpose of this work is to establish and determine, on the basis of a systematic analysis, the factors influencing the state of food security of the Russian Federation, the problems of legal support of national priorities related to food independence. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the current state of food security in the Russian Federation are closely related to the criteria for the development of the socio-economic system of the state. An important condition for the effective implementation of national priorities is the normative regulation of the toolkit of state management impact on the threats and risks of food independence. To understand the essence of these problems and minimize their consequences, the authors substantiate the need to study the indicated problem within the framework of the concept of legal dementia. Legal dementia is a state of compliance by subjects of law with the provisions of the law, which is characterized by non-fulfillment to one degree or another by state bodies not only of their functions, but also by the inability to respond, due to a low level of competence and professionalism, to factors that weaken the effectiveness of legal guarantees.

scholarly journals LIMITER – CONSTRUCTIVE COMPONENT, NECESSARY FOR DETERMINING A SUBJECT SHORT-POINTED WEAPONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 350-360
Author(s):  
V. Bolshakov ◽  
Yu. Maznichenko ◽  
Yu. Holub ◽  
M. Molyboha ◽  
I. Samoilenko
Keyword(s):  
Current Method ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

The systematic analysis of the world experience of civilian use of knives not as cold weapons showed that at present the knife did not become the main attribute of equipping tourists, fish men and even hunters. In particular, today there are very few types of hunting, during which the knife is used to finish off the beast or to protect against it. At the same time, as the practice of hunting management proves, during hunting there are many uses for the knife, even without considering it as a means for cooking. This, in particular, sharpening various stakes (for a tent, a hut, a campfire), skinning a game, preparing chips for a fire, scraping ice from skis or marsh mud from shoes. To do this, in accordance with current state technical standards, any folding knife must have a lock, and the blades of all knives must be of sufficient thickness so as not to break from the load. Handles of hunting knives should be comfortable to hold so that your hand will not get tired during long-term work. For all knives, according to the technical requirements, the length and thickness of the blade must be consistent, as well as the angle of inclination of the tip relative to the axis of the blade. With regard to the above, an interesting example is the collection of knives by the Swedish company Eriksson, consisting of four models, made in the configuration of the Swedish finca. The knives have a handle and a blade of a classic Finnish knife, but with a one-sided stopper. Their blades, depending on the color of the handle, are made of different types of steel. Knives with blue plastic handles have stainless steel blades, and knives with red handles are made of carbon steel. It is believed that in Sweden almost every construction worker walks with such a knife in his pocket. It should be noted that according to the current method of forensic investigation of cold weapons and structurally similar products in it, these knives can be attributed to cold weapons by the size of the blade. It is also interesting an urban-type knife, which is not a cold weapon of the Worden Tactical Medium Company. Renowned wizard Kelly Warden, an instructor for American Rangers, designs this knife. Since 2001, Kelly Warden has been the main consultant on impact and blade weapons of Detachment 1 of the US Special Forces. He trains Special Forces hand-to-hand combat with the use of a knife, machete, baton, sticks, as well as the method of forceful detention. The blade length of the knife described is 74 mm, thickness – 3.8 mm; the handle has a sub-finger protrusion to prevent the arm from slipping on the blade. The knife does not have a standard stopper, which, in addition to protecting it from slipping the hand on the blade, must prevent the hand from sinking into the victim’s body. By all measures, this knife is not a cold weapon in accordance with the requirements of the criminal law of Ukraine. Kelly Warden believes that the knife as a means of self-defense levels the difference in weight, height and physical strength, but its main drawback is its damaging ability. The proposed article is devoted to this circumstance, the definition of the role of the restrictor in classifying a knife as a cold weapon.

scholarly journals Aspects of the methodology of plant populations research (by means of the example of rare species)

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kyyak ◽  
Andriy Malynovskyі
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Integral Characteristic ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dynamic Endurance

In this work basic concepts and problematic issues of modern population ecology of plants are considered. Quite different views on many aspects of terminology and research methodology one can observed in the scientific literature. Basic terms such as: «vitality», «age structure», «ontogenetic structure», «self-renewal», «strategy», «regeneration niche», «buffering», population size establishment, etc can be interpreted differently, which causes significant discrepancies in research methodology, and thus are reflected in the interpretation of results. The population is considered as an indivisible and unique set of individuals of one species, which is characterized by self-reproduction while maintaining its main properties. The statemen concerning the population as a unit of biodiversity accountability is justified. The study of strategy, intra-population diversity, viability and mechanisms of self-recovery has shown that the existence of populations for a long time is ensured by a certain structure. The structure of the population is a set of quantitative and qualitative components of its organization at the individual and group level, which characterize the structure and ensure the functioning of the population as a whole system. At the same time, establishing which structural elements play a leading role in the changed environmental conditions continues to be an urgent task for species of different life forms in the variety of conditions of their habitats. The example of isolated populations of rare species shows the most typical stages of structure change due to pessimization of living conditions: simplification of spatial structure, aging or pseudo-rejuvenation, reduction of vitality of individuals and population loci, reduction of self-sufficiency and reproduction, simplification and reduction of ontogenesis of individuals, predominance of death rate over birth rate, reduction of area, number and density, cessation of formation of generative individuals, cessation of undergrowth replenishment, reduction of vegetative reproduction, loss of population viability. An integral characteristic that reflects the current state of the population based on the most important individual and group parameters of structure, growth, development and reproduction is the vitality of the population. Intrapopulation structural components - population loci of reproduction - are of the greatest importance in preserving the viability of populations and ensuring the prospects of their existence in the event of adverse changes in the environment. Among population structures, the highest dynamic endurance and stability of functioning for a long time under different conditions of natural and anthropogenically altered environment were found in metapopulations. Understanding of the processes taking place on the verge of existence of the population during its emergence, and especially during the period of its loss of viability and extinction, is extremely important. However, there are still not so many researches aimed at revealing the patterns of behavior of populations during these most vulnerable periods of their long life cycle.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE POLICIES AND TECHNOLOGIES TO INCREASE ACCESS TO HEARING AIDS FOR ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S828-S829
Author(s):  
Michael Yong ◽  
Amber Willink ◽  
Catherine McMahon ◽  
Bradley McPherson ◽  
Carrie L Nieman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The World ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Abstract As the proportion of older adults in the world’s total population continues to grow, the deleterious downstream health economic outcomes of age-related hearing loss are steadily becoming more prevalent. While recent research has shown that age-related hearing loss is the single greatest modifiable risk factor for dementia, the rate of hearing aid use remains low in many countries across the globe. Reasons for poor uptake are multifactorial and likely involve a combination of factors, ranging from increasing costs of hearing aid technology to lack of widespread insurance coverage. This paper aims to first identify the current state of hearing aid access across the world using eight representative countries as examples. We then provide recommendations on how to facilitate greater access to hearing aids for consumers by addressing areas in regulation, technology, reimbursement, and workforce.

scholarly journals Four-Year Outcome of Aflibercept Treatment-Naïve Patients for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence from a Clinical Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yanel Gayadine-Harricham ◽  
Virginie Rufin ◽  
Sandrine Law-Koune ◽  
Thi Ha Chau Tran
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Number Of Injections

Introduction. The objective of the study is to report 4-year treatment outcome with intravitreal Aflibercept injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) as first life therapy in real-life. Patients and Methods. This is a prospective, monocenter, observational case series analysis. Data from treatment-naïve patients with nAMD with at least 4 years of follow-up were included in the analysis. Data including age, gender, and visual acuity measured on Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts (ETDRS) and injection numbers were recorded. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) data at baseline, month 3, month 6, month 12, year 2, 3, and 4 were also recorded. Patients were treated with a modified treat and extend (T&E) regimen. Results. Of the 48 eyes with nAMD treated, only 31 eyes were available at the 4-year follow-up. The mean age was 81 ± 8 years. The VA gain was 7.3 ± 12.7 letters at 1 year 6.5 ± 12.5 letters at 2 years, VA gain 5.2 ± 17 letters at 3 years, and 6.2 ± 18.6 letters at 4 years. The reduction of central retinal thickness was 118 ± 187 μm at 4 years. Complete resolution of fluid was obtained in 18/31 eyes. The total number of injections was 5.7 ± 2.0 during the first year, 2.9 ± 2.9 during the second year, 3.5 ± 3.3 during the third year, and 4.0 ± 3.4 during the fourth year. The total number of injections was 16 ± 10.6, ranging from 3 to 52 injections. Ten eyes developed macular atrophy over the 4-year period. Conclusion. The results suggest that good long-term morphological and functional outcome can be achieved using Aflibercept in clinical setting.

scholarly journals Circular Economy as a Management Model in the Paradigm of Sustainable Development

Management ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eulalia Skawińska ◽  
Romuald I. Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Model Of Management

Summary The following paper explores circular economy as a model of management within the framework of sustainable development. Its structure comprises 4 parts. The first part illustrates the role of sustainable development as an emerging paradigm in the theory of modern economics and in the recent policy of the European Union. In the second part, the authors demonstrate the applicability of sustainable development based on the relevant management models on the micro, meso and macro levels of economy. The third part discusses the concept of circular economy, in particular the various definitions of the phenomenon, its advantages over the linear economy, the role of innovations in its development and how to overcome barriers to its application. The fourth part outlines the current state of implementation of the circular economy in the EU in regard to its normative implications for the member countries. The conclusions close the exploration. The paper is theoretical, based on the review of the international literature on the subject. The unique contribution of the authors consists of the systematic analysis of the term circular economy as a holistic model of sustainable development and of illustrating the benefits of its promotion in the management practice.

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