scholarly journals Characterization of expansive soils treated with lignosulfonate

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Vara Prasad Chavali ◽  
B. Reshmarani
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Strength Behavior ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Negative Surface Charge

Abstract The current study examines the potential of lignosulfonate to enhance the engineering behavior of two locally available expansive soils. The expansive soils were collected from Vijayawada and Amaravathi, located in the Capital Region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The soils were treated with four different percentages (0.5, 1, 2, and 4) of lignosulfonate and were allowed to interact for 7 and 28 days. A series of laboratory tests such as unconfined compressive strength, cation exchange capacity and scanning electron microscopy were carried out on the soil specimens. The results indicated that lignosulfonate has significant influence on the strength behavior of expansive soils. The amount of fines content present in soils defines the optimum percentage of lignosulfonate. Lignosulfonate treatment resulted in reduced negative surface charge of soils and formation of Polymer chain microstructure along with flocculated or aggregated particle microstructure, which may attribute to the enhanced strength of the expansive soils.

Mineralogical study of clays from Dobrodo, Serbia, for use in ceramics

Clay Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Milošević ◽  
Predrag Dabić ◽  
Sabina Kovač ◽  
Lazar Kaluđerović ◽  
Mihovil Logar
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Study

AbstractThis study focuses on the mineralogical characterization of four raw clay samples from Dobrodo deposit, Serbia. Several analytical methods were applied to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition, morphology and physical properties (colour, plasticity, specific surface area, particle size and cation-exchange capacity) of the clay samples. Kaolinite, smectite and illite are the predominant phases in all of the samples studied that contain between 60.2 and 87.1 wt.% of clay. Quartz, feldspars, paragonite and Ti- and Fe-bearing phases were also identified. The relatively high SiO2/Al2O3 mass ratio indicates abundant quartz. The cation-exchange capacity of the samples varied between low and moderately charged clay minerals (12–52 mmol 100 g–1) with specific surface area values ranging from 94 to 410 m2 g–1. The plasticity index values (11–23%) suggest low to moderate plasticity. Preliminary results show that most of the raw clay from Dobrodo deposit might be suitable for use in ceramic applications.

SEM, XRF, XRD, Nitrogen Adsorption, Fosters Swelling and Capacity Adsorption Characterization of Cloisite 30 B

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1591-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Cadigena Lima Patrício ◽  
Marcílio Máximo da Silva ◽  
Anna Karoline Freires de Sousa ◽  
Mariaugusta Ferreira Mota ◽  
Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Cations ◽  
Cloisite 30B

Cationic surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium cations, have been used, in order to ameliorate the oil sorption capacity of inorganics materials, such as clays. Clays modified with quaternary ammonium cations (organoclays) have better performance in sorption, remove oil and grease from water at seven times the rate of activated carbon, as well as they can be used like perforation fluids of oil wells to the oil base, lubricants, among others industries. This work aims characterize the Cloisite 30B using various techniques: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Specific Surface Area (BET) and Cation Exchange Capacity. Different organic solvents, namely gasoline, diesel and kerosene were used in order to investigate the clays compatibility after orgophilization.

Physico-Mineralogical Characterization: Bentonitic Clays Recently Found in Olivedos, Paraíba, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
F.K.A. Sousa ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
W.S. Cavalcanti ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
The Town

Used in various branches of the industry, bentonitic clays are considered a valuable mineral, used specially in the petroleum industry for manufacturing of fluids used the drilling of petroleum wells in long depth. Recently, a deposit of this valuable mineral was discovered in the town of Olivedos-PB. There are data that prove that this is a very poor and underdeveloped town. So, this work aims at the physico-mineralogical characterization of clays recently discovered and, this way, verify if they present similar characteristics which allow them to replace the clays from Boa Vista-PB, and if they can be used by the industry, thus bringing social development for that town. The characterization was made by means of the analysis of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), thermogravimetric and thermal differential analyses (TG and DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and specific area (SA). The results show that the clays recently discovered in Olivedos-PB are polycationic clays, presenting MgO, CaO and K2O content, and that they are constituted by smectitic clay mineral, by quartz and kaolinite.

scholarly journals Characterization of Philippine natural bentonite

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Olegario ◽  
Mon Bryan Z. Gili
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Barium Acetate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Common

Abstract Philippine natural bentonite is characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), chemical analysis, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was also measured. XRD shows that the mineral is composed primarily of mordenite, hectorite, and montmorillonite. SEM shows the flaky and porous structure of the bentonite powder. Chemical analyses show that SiO2 (47.90 wt%) and Al2O3 (14.02 wt%) are the major components of the clay. TG-DSC shows that the mineral contains 15.55% moisture. IR transmittance spectrum shows the common vibration bands present in the sample which include O–H stretching of inter-porous water, symmetric and asymmetric stretching of hydroxyl functional groups, asymmetrical stretching of internal tetrahedra (O–Si–O and O–Al–O), symmetrical stretching of external linkages, and so on. The measured CEC were found to be 91.37 and 43.01 meq/100 g according to the ammonium acetate method and barium acetate method, respectively.

scholarly journals Zearalenone and ochratoxin A: adsorption by kaolin modified with surfactant

10.30544/413 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Milica P. Spasojević ◽  
Aleksandra Dakovic ◽  
George E. Rottinghaus ◽  
Ana S. Radosavljević Mihajlović ◽  
Marija A. Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Surface Adsorption ◽  
New Product ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Cations

Octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (OA) was used as a surfactant for the preparation of organokaolin. The natural kaolin (from a plant for production of quartz sand in Rgotina, Serbia) was modified with a surfactant in amount equal to 90% of the kaolin cation exchange capacity (CEC). FTIR spectroscopy was used for characterization of the new product. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of OA ions at the kaolin surface. Adsorption of mycotoxins – zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OCHRA) was studied by organokaolin at different amounts of adsorbent and pHs. Results showed that the presence of organic cations in the kaolin structure increased adsorption of both ZEN and OCHRA. Adsorption of the mycotoxins by organokaolin increased with increasing amounts of adsorbent and, at the lowest amount of solids in suspension, adsorption of ZEN and OCHRA was slightly higher at pH 7 and 9.

scholarly journals UTILIZAÇÃO DA COMPACTAÇÃO PARA REDUÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE COLAPSO/ EXPANSÃO DE UM SOLO SILTO ARGILOSO DE MASSAPÊ DA CIDADE DE ICÓ – CE

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleiber Da Silva Chagas ◽  
Alfran Sampaio Moura ◽  
Andressa De Araujo Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Shallow Foundations ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
The City

RESUMO: No presente trabalho apresenta-se um estudo do comportamento de um solo silte argiloso, de massapê da cidade de Icó-CE, que será utilizado como suporte das fundações das estruturas de um conjunto habitacional. O objetivo do trabalho é averiguar a eficiência da técnica da compactação na redução do potencial de colapso/expansão do solo estudado. Foi realizada uma caracterização do solo por meio de ensaios de laboratório (granulometria, limite de liquidez, limite de plasticidade, densidade real, compactação e CBR) e campo (SPT). Além disso, realizaram-se ensaios especiais do tipo edométrico simples e duplo. Foram coletadas ainda, em uma empresa local, um total de 20 furos de sondagens à percussão (SPT) e que foram realizadas no local do estudo. Pela análise dos resultados foi possível verificar que a compactação mostrou-se uma técnica eficiente para minorar ou mesmo eliminar o potencial de expansão/colapso do solo estudado. A realização deste trabalho contribui para a área do conhecimento pois comprova, a partir do estudo de um caso real, que a compactação de solos potencialmente colapsíveis ou expansivos, de fato, reduz seu potencial a níveis aceitáveis para uso como suporte de fundações superficiais de edifícios. ABSTRACT: FIn this paper we present a study of the behavior of a clayey silt soil, the city massapê Icó-CE, which will be used to support the foundations of the structures of a housing development. The objective is to ascertain the efficiency of the technique of compression in reducing the potential for collapse / expansion of the studied soil. A characterization of the ground by means of laboratory tests (grain size, liquid limit, plastic limit, real density, compaction and CBR) and field (SPT). In addition, there were special tests of simple and double edometer type. Were also collected, in one place, a total of 20 percussion boreholes (SPT) and were performed at the study site company. By analyzing the results we observed that compaction proved to be an efficient technique to reduce or even reduce the potential for expansion / collapse of the studied soil. This work contributes to the field of knowledge as proof, from the study of a real case that the compression of potentially collapsible or expansive soils, in fact, reduces its potential to acceptable levels for use as support shallow foundations of buildings.

scholarly journals Morphomolecular Characterization of Serum Nanovesicles From Microbiomes Differentiates Stable and Infarcted Atherosclerotic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Rodrigues Moreno ◽  
José Antonio Franchini Ramires ◽  
Paulo Andrade Lotufo ◽  
Alexandre Matos Soeiro ◽  
Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Important Complication ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Negative Surface Charge ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
And Control

Microbial communities are considered decisive for maintaining a healthy situation or for determining diseases. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important complication of atherosclerosis caused by the rupture of atheroma plaques containing proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), damaged proteins, lipids, and DNA, a microenvironment compatible with a pathogenic microbial community. Previously, we found that archaeal DNA-positive infectious microvesicles (iMVs) were detected in vulnerable plaques and in the sera of Chagas disease patients with heart failure. Now, we characterize and quantify the levels of serum microbiome extracellular vesicles through their size and content using morphomolecular techniques to differentiate clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD). We detected increased numbers of large iMVs (0.8–1.34 nm) with highly negative surface charge that were positive for archaeal DNA, Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigens and MMP9 in the sera of severe AMI patients, strongly favoring our hypothesis that pathogenic archaea may play a role in the worst outcomes of atherosclerosis. The highest numbers of EVs <100 nm (exosomes) and MVs from 100 to 200 nm in the stable atherosclerotic and control healthy groups compared with the AMI groups were indicative that these EVs are protective, entrapping and degrading infectious antigens and active MMP9 and protect against the development of plaque rupture.Conclusion: A microbiome with pathogenic archaea is associated with high numbers of serum iMVs in AMI with the worst prognosis. This pioneering work demonstrates that the morphomolecular characterization and quantification of iEVs in serum may constitute a promising serum prognostic biomarker in CAD.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISASI KATALIS BATU PADAS LEDGESTONE TERAKTIVASI ASAM DAN APLIKASINYA PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Juliana ◽  
Ida Ayu Gede Widihati ◽  
Oka Ratnayani
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acid Activation

This research aims to improve characteristics of ledgestone catalyst by using acid activation with various concentrations. The acid used for activation was H2SO4 with concentrations of 1, 2 and 3M. The characterization of catalysts was carried out by acid-base titration method to determine the surface acidity, methylene blue adsorption to measure the spesific surface area of ??the catalyst, and the NH4OAc extraction method to measure the value of cation exchange capacity of the catalyst. Ledgestone catalyst with the best character was applied to convert waste cooking oil into biodiesel. The characterization of biodiesel was carried out by densitometry to determine the density of biodiesel, Oswald viskosimetry to measure the viscosity, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) to determine the composition of chemical compounds of the biodiesel. The results showed that the concentration of acid used to activate ledgestone catalyst with the best character was 1M. This acid-activated ledgestone (catalyst A1) had a value of surface acidity, surface area, active sites number, and high cation exchange capacity were 0.3530 ± 0.0011 mmol / gram and35.7581 m2/gram, 2.1258 x 1020 atoms/gram, and 5.88 me/100 g, respectively. The concentration of catalyst A1 producing the highest biodiesel yield was 1% w/v. The produced biodiesel was 74,71% with 0.02% FFA, acid value of 0.0438 mg KOH/gram biodiesel, density of 0.7850 g/mL, kinematic viscosity of 0.4650 cSt. Two major compounds of the biodiesel were methyl hexadecanoate with area of 71.84% and cis methyl-9-octadecenoate with area of 28.16%.

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