scholarly journals Effect of hydro-methanol stem bark extract of Burkea africana on erythrocyte osmotic fragility and haematological parameters in acetaminophen-poisoned rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terhemen Festus Swem ◽  
Patrick Emeka Aba ◽  
Samuel Chukwuneke Udem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Percentage Hemolysis

Abstract Background Burkea africana is a widely used medicinal plant in folkloric medicine in many developing countries of the world. It is useful in the treatment of various ailments including hepatitis, jaundice, diarrhea, stomach aches, abscesses, oedema, epilepsy, bloody diarrhea, gonorrhea, syphilis, toothaches and poisoning. Nevertheless, there are little or no scientific evidence to substantiate this medicinal claim by traditional healers. Burkea africana stem bark was therefore, investigated for its protective or stabilizing effect on erythrocyte membrane in acetaminophen-treated rats. B. africana stem bark was extracted using 80% methanol. Erythrocyte stabilizing effect was studied using erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) test. Thirty (30) male rats were randomly assigned into five (5) groups of six (6) rats each. Groups 1 and 2 served as normal control and negative control (acetaminophen-treated group) respectively. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with methanol stem bark extract of Burkea africana (MSBEBA) at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight respectively once daily for seven (7) days. Blood samples were collected from the animals in all the groups on the 8 day for evaluation of packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell counts, and differential white blood cell count as well as erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Results The erythrocyte osmotic fragility test showed that there was a significantly (p < 0.05) low percentage hemolysis in the groups pre-treated with the extract when compared with the negative control. The percentage hemolysis was least at 600 mg/kg body weight of the extract. There was also a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell count at all the doses of the extract used. Neutrophils were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased while lymphocytes were significantly increased in the groups administered MSBEBA 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion Methanol stem bark extract of Burkea africana had protective effect on the red blood cells and also improved haematological parameters. This indicates that Burkea africana may be useful in the treatment of disease conditions that results in hemolytic anemia by stabilizing red erythrocyte membranes and enhancing erythropoiesis.

scholarly journals Effect of Carica papaya L. Stem Bark Extracts on Cholesterol Concentration in Rats Induced with Streptosozin

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Mustafa Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

This study was designed to determine the effect of Carica papaya L. stem bark extracts on cholesterol concentration in rats induced with glibenclamide. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment which consisted of 6 treatment groups, each group consisted of four rats, as follows:1) KN (negative control, non-diabetic rats); KP, diabetic rats given glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight; EP 1, diabetic rats given 0 mg/kg body weight/day extract; EP2, diabetic rats given 100 mg/kg body weight/day extract; and EP3, diabetic rats given 200 mg/kg body weight/day extract, EP4, diabetic rats given 300 mg/kg body weight/day extract for 28 day. The results showed that C. papaya L. stem bark extract decreased (P<0.05) cholesterol levels in diabetic rats. It was concluded that C. papaya L. stem bark extract had potential as anti-hypercholesterolemic in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity, Phytochemical Composition and Acute Toxicity Tests of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Alstonia boonei De Wild

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Chidiebere A. Otuu ◽  
Rose N. N. Obiezue ◽  
Chris I. Okoye ◽  
Innocent C. J. Omalu ◽  
Ada Q. A. Otuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Many modern medicines are derived from the chemicals available in plants. The utilization of plants against diseases by traditional medical practitioners is common in many parts of the world and several researches have been carried out to determine the scientific basis for the use of such plants. Alstonia boonei is one of the many medicinal plants found in Nigeria. The plant parts have been traditionally used to treat various ailments including malaria. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimalarial activity, phytochemical composition and toxicity of ethanolic stem bark extract of Alstonia boonei. The extract showed substantial dose dependent antimalarial activity as indicated by the recorded suppressive (45.67%, 58.53% and 74.68% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) prophylactic (33.57%, 45.64% and 61.23% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) and curative effects (62.35%, 68.57% and 79.63% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) on Plasmodium berghei infected white albino mice. The results of the antimalarial tests were significantly different compared to the negative control at P < 0.05. The phytochemical evaluation showed that the plant contained important chemical compounds including tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids. The acute toxicity test showed that the extract is safe as observed on the tested mice. It was concluded that the extract contains important active antimalarial compounds that are safe and should be further investigated for antimalarial drug development.

scholarly journals Effect of Muntingia calabura L. Stem Bark Extracts on Uric Acid Concentration and Renal Histopathology in Diabetic Rats

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Mustafa Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Renal Histopathology ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Background and objectives: This study was designed to determine uric acid concentration and renal histopathology of Muntingia calabura L. stem bark extract in diabetic rats and to compare the natural product of M. calabura L. stem bark extract with allopurinol. Materials and Methods: A completely randomized design was used for the experiment, which consisted of six treatment groups, each consisting of four rats, as follows: 1) NR, normal rat; 2) KN, diabetic rat (negative control); 3) KP, diabetic rats given allopurinol 10 mg/kg body weight; 4) EM150, diabetic rats given the test extract 150 mg/kg body weight/day; 5) EM300, diabetic rats given the test extract 300 mg/kg body weight/day; and 6) EM450, diabetic rats given for extract 450 mg/kg body weight/ day. Results: The results showed that M. calabura L. stem bark extract decreased (p < 0.05) uric acid concentrations in diabetic rats and no specific damage to renal proximal tubular cells was seen. Conclusions: It was concluded that M. calabura L. stem bark extract has a potential as an antihyperuricemic in diabetic rats. The recommended dose was 300 mg/kg body weight to provide a significant effect on reducing the uric acid level in diabetic rats. Our results support the use of this plant for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of Muntingia Calabura L. Stem Bark Extracts on Uric Acid Concentration and Renal Histopathology in Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Mustafa Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Renal Histopathology ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Background and objectives: This study were designed to determine uric acid concentration and renal histopathology of M. calabura L. stem bark extract in diabetic rats and to compare the natural product of M. calabura L. stem bark extract with allopurinol. Materials and Methods: A completely randomized design was used for the experiment which consisted of 6 treatment groups, each consisting of 4 rats, as follows: 1) NR, normal rat; 2) KN, diabetic rat (negative control); 3) KP, diabetic rats given allopurinol 10 mg/kg body weight; 4) EM150, diabetic rats given the test extract 150 mg/kg body weight/day; 5) EM300, diabetic rats given the test extract 300 mg/kg body weight/day; and 6) EM450, diabetic rats given the test extract 450 mg/kg body weight/ day. Results: The results showed that M. calabura L. stem bark extract decrease (p&lt;0.05) uric acid levels in diabetic rats and no specific damage to renal proximal tubular cells was seen. Conclusions: It was concluded that M. calabura L. stem bark extract has a potential as an antihyperuricemic in diabetic rats. The recommended does was 300 mg/kg body weight to provide a significant effect on reducing the uric acid level in diabetic rats. Our findings support the use of this plant as a treatment for gout and other inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Effect of Detarium microcarpum Stem Bark Extract in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abubakar Bilyamini Mu’azu ◽  
Yusif Bello Baba ◽  
Adamu Idris Matinja
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽  
Hepatocellular Necrosis ◽  
Detarium Microcarpum ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Aim: In this study, the methanol stem bark extract of Detarium microcarpum was evaluated for sub-chronic, biochemical and histopathological studies. Methodology: Sub-chronic toxicity studies was investigated in rats administered with 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg doses of the extract orally for 28 days using standard laboratory procedures after the acute toxicity was carried out. Results: The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was calculated to be equal to (≥) 5000 mg/kg body weight in rats orally. Serological studies revealed significant (p<0.05) decrease in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at all doses tested, while at 140 mg/kg it caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). At doses of 70 and 140 mg/kg there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in creatinine level. Histopathological studies on the liver showed moderate hepatocellular necrosis at doses of 35 and 70 mg/kg, while at 140 mg/kg there was intense hepatocellular necrosis,  Kupffer cells and lymphocytes hyperplasia. The Kidney showed intense necrosis of tubules and glomerular necrosis with lymphocytes hyperplasia at all doses tested.  The spleen also showed intense lymphocyte hyperplasia at all doses with sinusoidal congestion at the lowest dose of 35 mg/kg. The heart showed slight necrosis of cardiac muscle cells at all doses with blood congestion at 35 and 70mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The study indicates that prolong use of the extract in the management of disease conditions may be associated with some adverse effect of some vital organs.

scholarly journals Partial elucidation on the remedial effect of stem-bark extract of Moringa oleifera on diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 015 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Chukwuedozie Francis Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Group 2

Diabetes is growing public health. The research investigated the modulatory roles of the aqueous stem-bark extract of Moringa oleifera on glucose utilization. A modified Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was used in studying the effect of the extract on glucose absorption, on four groups of six rats and standard methods were used to test the effect of the extract on enzyme activities (hexokinase and glucose 6 phosphatase) on three groups of six rats. In OGTT, rats in group-1(diabetic control) and group-4 (normal control) were administered with the vehicle only. The other groups were administered different concentrations of the extract in the vehicle (group-2 and 3 were 200mg/kg body weight and 300mg/kg respectively). In the enzymes activities, 200mg/kg body weight of the extract was administered to diabetic treated group whereas normal untreated and diabetic untreated received 5ml of water only. Glucose concentrations of OGTT showed increased concentration in the first 30 minutes after administration of the extract and steady time-dependent decreased concentration through 120 minutes. Group-3, showed a significant difference in each 30 minutes interval, compared to the 120 minutes (p<0.05). Each interval is significantly different from the preceded 30 minutes interval (p<0.005). Group-2 was significantly different in the first and second 30-minutes intervals, compared to the preceded interval (p<0.005). The first 30 minute interval was significantly different from the baseline and 120 minutes (p<0.05). In enzyme activities, the diabetic treated and normal untreated were significantly different from the diabetic untreated (p<0.05). The extract improved glucose utilization.

scholarly journals 28 Days Sub Acute Toxicity Studies of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Combretum hypopilinum Diels (Combretacea) in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Abubakar Kabiru ◽  
Usman Aminu ◽  
Yerima Musa ◽  
Muhammad Abubakar Amali ◽  
Samaila Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety profile of Combretum hypopilinum stem bark extracted with Methanol (70%v/v). Preliminary Phytochemical screening of the crude methanol stem bark extract was carried out, and revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as steroids, flavonoids and alkaloids. Initial oral acute toxicity test was carried out using the Limit Dose Test to ascertain the safety of the extract in rats. Sub-acute toxicity testing was conducted by 28 days oral administration of 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg body weight to three groups of ten rats. The fourth group was administered distilled water 10 ml/kg. No major changes were observed in body weight of the animals following 28 days of daily oral administration. Biochemical parameters such as Total Protein, Total Bilirubin, Creatinine, Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT), were found to be within normal ranges. The levels of marker enzymes in the vital organs did not show any significant changes between control and treated groups. Histopathological examination of the major vital organs (liver, brain, and kidney) revealed no significant pathological changes in the treated groups of rats. The results of the present work suggested that the methanol stem bark extract of Combretum hypopilinum is relatively safe for use at the tested doses.

In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Adansonia digitata Stem Bark Extract and Some Fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeoye Akinwunmi O. ◽  
Bewaji Clement O. ◽  
Ademowo George O.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Body Weight Dose

Background: Malaria is one of the most common major health problems responsible for the death of millions of children, pregnant women and adults. Antimalarial drug resistance has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing malaria control today. Plant resources that either treat or prevent parasite invasion desirable in developing countries are potential targets for research and development of alternative malaria drugs. Objective: This study investigated the suppressive and prophylactic potentials of extracts and some fractions of Adansonia digitata stem bark in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methodology: The albino mice were administered with two different doses (200mg/kg body weight and 400mg/kg body weight) of aqueous extract (AQ), methanolic extract (ME), chloroform fraction (CF) and ethylacetate fraction (EF) of Adansonia digitata stem bark for five consecutive days. 5mg/kg body weight dose per day of artemether-lumefantrine and 5mg/kg body weight dose per day of chloroquine was used as positive control while the negative control mice received only the vehicle (5% v/v tween 80). In the prophylactic groups, the mice were pretreated daily for five days before they were challenged with inoculums of 1 x 107 chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei infected erythrocyte intraperitoneally. Results: The results showed a dose dependent chemosupression in the fractions and the extract treated groups. The 400mg/kg body weight was more effective with respect to the parasite clearance than the 200mg/kg body weight in all the groups. Both the 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight dose of ethylacetate fraction (EF) exhibited the highest chemosupression. The chemosupression caused by Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and Chloroquine (CQ) treated groups were significantly (P> 0.05) higher than the fractions and extract treated groups. The percentage parasitemia also decreased in this manner. There was a mutual delay in parasitemia with EF and ME. The packed cell volume (PCV) increased significantly (P> 0.05) in the AL and CQ, and 400mg/kg body weight dose EF and ME respectively and increased for the other fraction and extract used at 400mg/kg body weight dose compared with the control. Conclusion: This study showed that EF of Adansonia digitata stem bark has potent antimalarial property which could be of future importance in malaria management.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Stem Bark of Periploca linearifolia during Early and Established Plasmodium Infection in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubetu Yihunie Belay ◽  
Abyot Endale Gurmu ◽  
Zewdu Birhanu Wubneh
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Background. In Ethiopia, stem bark of Periploca linearifolia is used for the treatment of malaria by the local community and demonstrated antimalarial activity in vitro. Despite its in vitro antimalarial activity, no scientific study has been carried out to verify its activity in vivo. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity of Periploca linearifolia stem bark extract in mice. Methods. The dried stem bark of Periploca linearifolia was extracted with 80% methanol and evaluated for its antimalarial activity on both early and established Plasmodium berghei infected mice. The extract was prepared at graded doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Chloroquine and distilled water were administered to the positive and negative control groups, respectively. Results. The crude extract, at all tested doses, suppressed parasitemia significantly (p<0.05) for 200 and 400 mg/kg and (p<0.001) for 600 mg/kg. The suppression values at these doses were 56.98, 43.33, and 38.17 percent, respectively. Periploca linearifolia extract also demonstrated schizonticidal activity in the established malaria infection. Conclusion. The plant Periploca linearifolia has a promising antimalarial activity in mice, supporting its in vitro finding. Thus, it could be considered as a potential source to develop new antimalarial agent.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanolic Stem Bark Extract ofNyctanthes arbor-tristisLinn.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti ◽  
Paresh Pradhan ◽  
Sudarshana Borah ◽  
Kabita Mahato ◽  
Mritunjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Stem bark ofNyctanthes arbor-tristisLinn. was extracted in methanol to evaluate their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The analgesic activity was determined on Wistar albino rats by hot plate method, tail flick assay, and tail immersion method using Morphine sulphate as standard drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight and the results were expressed as mean increase in latency after drug administration ± SEM. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by Carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema using diclofenac sodium as standard drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight and expressed in terms of mean increase in paw volume ± SEM. Stem bark extract was given at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of body weight. Both standard drugs and extract were administered orally to the animals. Control received distilled water orally. Results showed thatNyctanthes arbor-tristisLinn. had potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

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