scholarly journals Partial elucidation on the remedial effect of stem-bark extract of Moringa oleifera on diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 015 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Chukwuedozie Francis Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Group 2

Diabetes is growing public health. The research investigated the modulatory roles of the aqueous stem-bark extract of Moringa oleifera on glucose utilization. A modified Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was used in studying the effect of the extract on glucose absorption, on four groups of six rats and standard methods were used to test the effect of the extract on enzyme activities (hexokinase and glucose 6 phosphatase) on three groups of six rats. In OGTT, rats in group-1(diabetic control) and group-4 (normal control) were administered with the vehicle only. The other groups were administered different concentrations of the extract in the vehicle (group-2 and 3 were 200mg/kg body weight and 300mg/kg respectively). In the enzymes activities, 200mg/kg body weight of the extract was administered to diabetic treated group whereas normal untreated and diabetic untreated received 5ml of water only. Glucose concentrations of OGTT showed increased concentration in the first 30 minutes after administration of the extract and steady time-dependent decreased concentration through 120 minutes. Group-3, showed a significant difference in each 30 minutes interval, compared to the 120 minutes (p<0.05). Each interval is significantly different from the preceded 30 minutes interval (p<0.005). Group-2 was significantly different in the first and second 30-minutes intervals, compared to the preceded interval (p<0.005). The first 30 minute interval was significantly different from the baseline and 120 minutes (p<0.05). In enzyme activities, the diabetic treated and normal untreated were significantly different from the diabetic untreated (p<0.05). The extract improved glucose utilization.

scholarly journals Antimalarial and Reno-protective Potentials of Combined Stem Bark Extracts of Khaya grandifoliola and Enantia chlorantha in Plasmodium Infected Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ismaila Olanrewaju Nurain ◽  
◽  
Clement Olatunbosun Bewaji ◽  
Abdulazeez Aderemi Abubakar ◽  
Abdulrazaq Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Urea Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Group B

Background: Malaria is a worldwide threat, which affects millions of people. Although several antimalarial has been reported, they are either not effective or toxic. This study evaluated the antimalarial efficacy and safety of stem bark aqueous extracts of Khaya grandifoliola (KG) and Enantia chlorantha (EC) in Plasmodium berghie (NK65S) infected Swiss mice. Methods: Forty-two animals were grouped into six groups. Group A (control) comprised uninfected animals given sterile placebo. Group B was infected but untreated. Groups C, D, E, and F were infected and treated with 50 mg/kg artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), 400 mg/kg body weight of KG, EC, and the combined extracts (200 mg/ml body weight each) respectively. Results: Alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, tannin and saponins were all present in the two extracts. The percentage parasitemia in the treated groups C, D, E, and F was significantly (P˂0.05) reduced from 44%, 24%, 35%, and 31% to 17%, 8%, 9% and 8% respectively. The level of creatinine C (1.33±0.08 g/d), D (2.07±0.15 g/d), E (2.17±0.24 g/d) and F (1.20±0.0.12 g/d) increased significantly (P˂0.05) compared to group A (0.73±0.08 g/d). There was no significant difference in the urea level, potassium and sodium concentrations among all the groups. Conclusion: The efficacy and renal safety of oral administration of aqueous stem bark extract of KG and EC were confirmed. Therefore, the extracts could be used as alternatives to standard drugs in the management of malaria.

scholarly journals Effect of Carica papaya L. Stem Bark Extracts on Cholesterol Concentration in Rats Induced with Streptosozin

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Mustafa Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

This study was designed to determine the effect of Carica papaya L. stem bark extracts on cholesterol concentration in rats induced with glibenclamide. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment which consisted of 6 treatment groups, each group consisted of four rats, as follows:1) KN (negative control, non-diabetic rats); KP, diabetic rats given glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight; EP 1, diabetic rats given 0 mg/kg body weight/day extract; EP2, diabetic rats given 100 mg/kg body weight/day extract; and EP3, diabetic rats given 200 mg/kg body weight/day extract, EP4, diabetic rats given 300 mg/kg body weight/day extract for 28 day. The results showed that C. papaya L. stem bark extract decreased (P<0.05) cholesterol levels in diabetic rats. It was concluded that C. papaya L. stem bark extract had potential as anti-hypercholesterolemic in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Muntingia calabura L. Stem Bark Extracts on Uric Acid Concentration and Renal Histopathology in Diabetic Rats

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Mustafa Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Renal Histopathology ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Background and objectives: This study was designed to determine uric acid concentration and renal histopathology of Muntingia calabura L. stem bark extract in diabetic rats and to compare the natural product of M. calabura L. stem bark extract with allopurinol. Materials and Methods: A completely randomized design was used for the experiment, which consisted of six treatment groups, each consisting of four rats, as follows: 1) NR, normal rat; 2) KN, diabetic rat (negative control); 3) KP, diabetic rats given allopurinol 10 mg/kg body weight; 4) EM150, diabetic rats given the test extract 150 mg/kg body weight/day; 5) EM300, diabetic rats given the test extract 300 mg/kg body weight/day; and 6) EM450, diabetic rats given for extract 450 mg/kg body weight/ day. Results: The results showed that M. calabura L. stem bark extract decreased (p < 0.05) uric acid concentrations in diabetic rats and no specific damage to renal proximal tubular cells was seen. Conclusions: It was concluded that M. calabura L. stem bark extract has a potential as an antihyperuricemic in diabetic rats. The recommended dose was 300 mg/kg body weight to provide a significant effect on reducing the uric acid level in diabetic rats. Our results support the use of this plant for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of Muntingia Calabura L. Stem Bark Extracts on Uric Acid Concentration and Renal Histopathology in Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Mustafa Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Renal Histopathology ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Background and objectives: This study were designed to determine uric acid concentration and renal histopathology of M. calabura L. stem bark extract in diabetic rats and to compare the natural product of M. calabura L. stem bark extract with allopurinol. Materials and Methods: A completely randomized design was used for the experiment which consisted of 6 treatment groups, each consisting of 4 rats, as follows: 1) NR, normal rat; 2) KN, diabetic rat (negative control); 3) KP, diabetic rats given allopurinol 10 mg/kg body weight; 4) EM150, diabetic rats given the test extract 150 mg/kg body weight/day; 5) EM300, diabetic rats given the test extract 300 mg/kg body weight/day; and 6) EM450, diabetic rats given the test extract 450 mg/kg body weight/ day. Results: The results showed that M. calabura L. stem bark extract decrease (p&lt;0.05) uric acid levels in diabetic rats and no specific damage to renal proximal tubular cells was seen. Conclusions: It was concluded that M. calabura L. stem bark extract has a potential as an antihyperuricemic in diabetic rats. The recommended does was 300 mg/kg body weight to provide a significant effect on reducing the uric acid level in diabetic rats. Our findings support the use of this plant as a treatment for gout and other inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Effect of Detarium microcarpum Stem Bark Extract in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abubakar Bilyamini Mu’azu ◽  
Yusif Bello Baba ◽  
Adamu Idris Matinja
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽  
Hepatocellular Necrosis ◽  
Detarium Microcarpum ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Aim: In this study, the methanol stem bark extract of Detarium microcarpum was evaluated for sub-chronic, biochemical and histopathological studies. Methodology: Sub-chronic toxicity studies was investigated in rats administered with 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg doses of the extract orally for 28 days using standard laboratory procedures after the acute toxicity was carried out. Results: The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was calculated to be equal to (≥) 5000 mg/kg body weight in rats orally. Serological studies revealed significant (p<0.05) decrease in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at all doses tested, while at 140 mg/kg it caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). At doses of 70 and 140 mg/kg there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in creatinine level. Histopathological studies on the liver showed moderate hepatocellular necrosis at doses of 35 and 70 mg/kg, while at 140 mg/kg there was intense hepatocellular necrosis,  Kupffer cells and lymphocytes hyperplasia. The Kidney showed intense necrosis of tubules and glomerular necrosis with lymphocytes hyperplasia at all doses tested.  The spleen also showed intense lymphocyte hyperplasia at all doses with sinusoidal congestion at the lowest dose of 35 mg/kg. The heart showed slight necrosis of cardiac muscle cells at all doses with blood congestion at 35 and 70mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The study indicates that prolong use of the extract in the management of disease conditions may be associated with some adverse effect of some vital organs.

scholarly journals Protective Effects Of Tecomella Undulata Stem Bark Extract On Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity: Based On Liver Enzymes And Histopathology In Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Zubaida Umar Zehri ◽  
Shabih Zehra ◽  
Abdul Lateef Mahesar ◽  
M. Anwar ◽  
Syed Ijaz Hussain Zaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Tecomellaundulata stem bark extract on isoniazid induced hepatic damage based on liver enzymes and Liver function test in rat models. Study design and Setting: An experimental study conducted at Department of Pharmacology at Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital, Isra University Karachi Campus and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Methodology: Total twenty-four rats were studied. The albino rats that were male, healthy, and weighing 200-250grams were included in this study. Rats were divided into four groups, each group having six rats and treated once daily orally for 30 days. Group A was control group and treated with normal animal diet and water; Group B was Isoniazid treated group and induced by oral administration of Isoniazid (INH) 50mg/kg. Group C was treated with Isoniazid 50mg/kg and Tecomellaundulata bark extract with low dose of 200mg/kg . Group D was treated with Isoniazid 50mg/kg and Tecomellaundulata bark extract with high dose of 400mg/kg . All the animals were weighed before commencement of the study. Liver enzymes were noted after the end of experiment. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: While comparing the mean values of AST,ALT, ALP and GGT in all four groups group; the statistical significant difference (p<0.001) was found. The mean levels in of total Bilirubin in group A was 0.69 ±0.01, group B 1.04 ±0.04, in group C was 1.15 ±0.39, and in group D was 1.04 ±0.44 with the significant difference (p=0.004). Conclusion: Tecomellaundulata has a protective effect on isoniazid induced toxicity on liver as evidenced by liver function test on rat models.

scholarly journals 28 Days Sub Acute Toxicity Studies of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Combretum hypopilinum Diels (Combretacea) in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Abubakar Kabiru ◽  
Usman Aminu ◽  
Yerima Musa ◽  
Muhammad Abubakar Amali ◽  
Samaila Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety profile of Combretum hypopilinum stem bark extracted with Methanol (70%v/v). Preliminary Phytochemical screening of the crude methanol stem bark extract was carried out, and revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as steroids, flavonoids and alkaloids. Initial oral acute toxicity test was carried out using the Limit Dose Test to ascertain the safety of the extract in rats. Sub-acute toxicity testing was conducted by 28 days oral administration of 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg body weight to three groups of ten rats. The fourth group was administered distilled water 10 ml/kg. No major changes were observed in body weight of the animals following 28 days of daily oral administration. Biochemical parameters such as Total Protein, Total Bilirubin, Creatinine, Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT), were found to be within normal ranges. The levels of marker enzymes in the vital organs did not show any significant changes between control and treated groups. Histopathological examination of the major vital organs (liver, brain, and kidney) revealed no significant pathological changes in the treated groups of rats. The results of the present work suggested that the methanol stem bark extract of Combretum hypopilinum is relatively safe for use at the tested doses.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidants effects of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis in Wister Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Jude Nwaogu ◽  
Babangida Abubakar ◽  
Mustapha Sahabi Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Aim: The aim is to evaluate the antioxidant potentials of Eucalyptus camaldulensis methanol stem bark extract (ECMSBE) on Wister albino rats. Methodology: The phytochemical screening of ECMSBE was conducted using standard methods. A total of 36 albino rats were used for the antioxidant studies. The rats were divided into six (6) groups of six rats. Control group received distilled water orally at 2ml/kg. Oxidative stress was induced in groups 2 to group 6 CCl4 (1ml/kg, s.c) at every 72hrs for 10 days. Group 2 was untreated while groups 3 – 6 received doses of 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/kg of ECMSBE respectively. On the 11th day, the rats were sacrificed and the liver was removed and homogenised and oxidative stress parameters were determined. Results: Phytochemical analysis of ECMSBE revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and resins. There was no significant difference (P<.05) between the CCl4 induced group and the group treated with ECMSBE (50mg/kg). However, their concentrations were significantly different from the group treated with ECMSBE (100mg/kg – 200mg/kg) when compared to the group treated with CCl4 Only. The CCl4-induced group had its vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations significant different (P<.05) from the groups treated with ECMSBE (100, 150 and 200mg/kg body weight). There was no significant difference (P>.05) in the levels of SOD, CAT and GPx between the group induced with CCl4 only and the group treated with ECMSBE (50mg/kg), however, it these concentrations were significantly higher (P<.05). The enzymatic antioxidants concentration in the normal control group was not significantly different (P>.05) when compared the group that was treated with ECMSBE (200mg/kg) Conclusion: The result suggest that the extract of E. camaldulensis possessed antioxidant properties which can be used as effective protecting agents against oxidative stress and other diseases.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanolic Stem Bark Extract ofNyctanthes arbor-tristisLinn.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti ◽  
Paresh Pradhan ◽  
Sudarshana Borah ◽  
Kabita Mahato ◽  
Mritunjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Stem bark ofNyctanthes arbor-tristisLinn. was extracted in methanol to evaluate their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The analgesic activity was determined on Wistar albino rats by hot plate method, tail flick assay, and tail immersion method using Morphine sulphate as standard drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight and the results were expressed as mean increase in latency after drug administration ± SEM. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by Carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema using diclofenac sodium as standard drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight and expressed in terms of mean increase in paw volume ± SEM. Stem bark extract was given at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of body weight. Both standard drugs and extract were administered orally to the animals. Control received distilled water orally. Results showed thatNyctanthes arbor-tristisLinn. had potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

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