scholarly journals Challenges of reverse migration in India: a comparative study of internal and international migrant workers in the post-COVID economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Khan ◽  
H. Arokkiaraj
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Migrant Community ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Destination State ◽  
Inter State

AbstractIn India, the major drivers of both internal and international migration are the prevailing unemployment, competitive labour market and enhanced livelihood prospects in the destination state or country. However, the nationwide lockdown and the sealing of inter-state and international borders to control the COVID-19 pandemic triggered the reverse migration of informal migrant workers. This requires the central and state governments to collectively forge strategies to enable their reverse migration and smooth reintegration in the post-COVID economy. In this paper, we have focused on the inter-state migrants in India and returnee migrants only from Gulf countries as they account for two-thirds of Indian migrants living abroad. This study conducted a comparative analysis of the Indian government’s varied approach towards its internal and international migrants during their reverse migration, repatriation and reintegration after the announcement of the lockdown. Firstly, the paper compares the challenges faced by internal and international migrant workers during these stages with the help of in-depth interview data collected from migrants and social workers. Secondly, the varied governmental responses towards their repatriation are discussed. Thirdly, it analyses the obstacles in their economic reintegration to help frame suitable welfare policies for the Indian migrant community.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and reverse migration of workers during lock down their health and prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2411-2415
Author(s):  
Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha ◽  
Shweta Dadarao Parwe
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Native Place ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Migrant workers are a valuable community for developing the Indian economy; adverse effect occurs on their mental and physical health during this pandemic situation. The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic emerged in India due to spread nationwide from China, Wuhan city, and then Spread overall, 213 Countries and Territories worldwide have been reported. The Indian Government immediately set up a lockdown and quarantined the patients in the hospital and declared that area as a contentment Zone to avoid infection transmission. In this pandemic situation, many labour workers were living with their families in metropolitan cities. The urgent demand for public transport in the migrant workers from different states in India. For reaching them to the native place. These lead to spreading the coronavirus infection and increase the cases of nCOVID-19. It concluded that public health services and transportation for the migrant worker to reach the native place from all states. A maximum number of trains were needed, rather than travel restriction aware of them regarding wearing of Mask, Handwashing, and Quarantine after travelled. It has been six months since COVID -19; many questions remain unanswered about the coronavirus and its pathology. It was clear by global authorities that countries need to plan and increase health clear awareness and facilities for the migrant workers. 

Labour Emigration From Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Ebabu Chekole Mengistu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Key Informant Interview

In recent years, the magnitude and complexity of movements have brought increased attention to the phenomenon of emigration which affects nearly all countries in the world. In developing countries, labour emigration is extremely complex. The main objective of the study is to explore the trends, causes, and challenges of labour emigration from Ethiopia. In-depth interview, key informant interview, observation, and document analysis were used as methods of data collection. Content and document analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. The results of the study show that there is a high level of labour emigration from Ethiopia. Labour emigration from Ethiopia is mostly associated with economic factors such as unemployment, underemployment, and the search for better life in the destination countries. The institutional structure and inter-institutional collaboration in relation to labour emigration are informed by a fragmented framework. As a result, Ethiopian migrant workers are highly vulnerable to human rights violations.

Helping Communities Confront Extremism

2022 ◽  
pp. 82-102
Author(s):  
Roderic Vassie
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Literacy Knowledge

False claims disseminated on social media by extremists can convince ordinary people not just to sit in their armchairs and rage at the violence of one side or another but to leave their homes either to riot at the Capitol in Washington, DC, for example, or to sneak over international borders in order to join the so-called “Islamic State.” Governments' softer counterextremist policies may focus on messaging but tend to overlook the specific claims aimed at those vulnerable to radicalisation. Furthermore, general lack of trust in officialdom can undermine its messaging or even serve to bolster the extremist “us and them” narrative. This chapter suggests that, by harnessing their specialist information literacy knowledge and skills, librarians can build on their positive social capital and assume an active role in developing in their users the critical thinking and awareness necessary to identify and expose misleading extremist propaganda, thereby helping to make their local communities safer.

scholarly journals Impact of the AEC on Migrant Workers: A Case Study of the Rohingya in Khon Kaen Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Mahmood Hayeemad ◽  
Rathakarn Buasri
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Khon Kaen ◽  
Identity Card ◽  
The One

There are several researches in Myanmese nevertheless they never concern Rohingya migrant workers. Because the ASEAN is going to become AEC in 2015, they can migrate freely in the region and National Treatment. The aim of this research is to study how AEC affects to Rohingya workers in Khon Kaen Thailand by qualitative research approach, sample selection with Snowball sampling, and in-depth interview, the limitation is interview only 11 sample. This study demonstrate awareness of AEC effects and find the workers have very less knowledge about AEC, in addition every Rohingya workers express that there is no effect from ASEAN community because they do not have Myanmese identity card and never be Myanmar nationality. Every migrant would not like to go back to Myanmar because there is not confident that the Myanmese government recognizes Rohingya as the Myanmese. In contrast, they hope the government’s merciful operations to provide citizenship as right as the one of Myanmese.

scholarly journals Skipped-Generation Families: Economic Happiness in Rural North-Eastern Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Wattanachai Kwalamthan ◽  
Dusadee Ayuwat ◽  
Wanichcha Narongchai
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Family ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Work Abroad

This paper investigates economic happiness of skipped-generation families in rural north-eastern Thailand. The qualitative methodological approach was implemented in the study. Data collection was conducted in April - May 2018 and in-depth interview was used as a research instrument to collect data from two groups of key informants, including 1) community leaders, community seniors, and community commitees, In total eight persons, and 2) skipped-generation families living in a rural north-eastern region of Thailand, in total twenty families. Data analysis was done by the content analysis method. The study indicated that skipped-generation families are the familes with grandparents and grandchildren living together. Most families have an agricultural occupation, because they have a lot of land by inheritance and divided into two parts: housing and farming. Mostly agricultural income by sugar canes and farming can earn 2,400 USD per year. Moreover, remittances from international migrant only 450 USD per month is spent on family expenses and education of grandchildren. Some families do not have enoughmoney to invest in farming in the next year, and they have a lot more debt than 3,000 USD from a migrant who goes to work abroad. However, skipped-generation families have a perception of economic happiness "An empty hand is no lure for a hawk, no man is happy who does not think himself so" So, skipped-generation families must take this view to manage the economic situation of the family, even though the incomes are insuf-ficient to cover their living and lack of labor due to migrant workers going to work abroad. This affects the economic happiness of skipped-generation families to sustain their living in a rural society.SKIPPED-GENERATION FAMILIES:Economic Happiness in RuralNorth-Eastern Thailand

Labour reforms in India during post covid-19: A study of gig and inter-state migrant workers as shine to whine

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Durga Madhab Mahapatra ◽  
Sukanta Kumar Baral ◽  
Soumendra Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Inter State

scholarly journals The mental health needs of immigrant workers in Gulf countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ajmal Zahid ◽  
Mohammad Alsuwaidan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Mental Health Needs ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Large Numbers

The oil-rich member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) attract large numbers of migrant workers. The reported rates of psychiatric morbidity among these migrant workers are higher than among nationals, while the mental health services in the GCC countries remain inadequate in terms of both staff and service delivery. The multi-ethnic origin of migrants poses considerable challenges in this respect. The development of mental illness in migrants, especially when many of them remain untreated or inadequately treated, results in their premature repatriation, and the mentally ill migrant ends up facing the same economic hardships which led to migration in the first place. The availability of trained interpreters and transcultural psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers should make psychiatric diagnoses more accurate. Suitable rehabilitation services are also needed.

The Changing Characteristics of Migrant Workers in Kuwait

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasra M. Shah ◽  
Sulayman S. Al-Qudsi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Industrial Distribution ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Temporary Migrant ◽  
Development Plans

Kuwait is one of the gulf countries that has imported large numbers of temporary migrant workers over the last decade or so. The import of such workers was necessitated by the ambitious development plans that were made possible by the oil bonanza after 1973. Even prior to this influx, however, more than 70 percent of the labor force in Kuwait consisted of foreign workers. As the country has gone through economic and other changes, its goals concerning the magnitude and structure of the migrant worker population have undergone substantial revisions. These changes are reflected in such indicators as number of migrant workers; occupational and industrial distribution of the labor force; demographic, ethnic, and educational characteristics of this labor force; and related wage levels. An examination of the above changes is the objective of the present study.

scholarly journals Some Useful Sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-698
Author(s):  
Don Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Undocumented Migrant ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Migrant Community ◽  
Forced Labour

Networks and projects around the theme of migrants in the labour market can be discussed under the following headings: 1.Trade union-based initiatives2.Migrant community-based initiatives3.Issues of acknowledged concern that generate national responses (forced labour, trafficked workers, undocumented migrant workers, etc.).

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