scholarly journals Matrix 3D ultrasound-assisted thyroid nodule volume estimation and radiofrequency ablation: a phantom study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Boers ◽  
S. J. Braak ◽  
M. Versluis ◽  
S. Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Needle Placement ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
3D Matrix ◽  
Nodule Volume

Abstract Background Two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound is well established for thyroid nodule assessment and treatment guidance. However, it is hampered by a limited field of view and observer variability that may lead to inaccurate nodule classification and treatment. To cope with these limitations, we investigated the use of real-time three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound to improve the accuracy of volume estimation and needle placement during radiofrequency ablation. We assess a new 3D matrix transducer for nodule volume estimation and image-guided radiofrequency ablation. Methods Thirty thyroid nodule phantoms with thermochromic dye underwent volume estimation and ablation guided by a 2D linear and 3D mechanically-swept array and a 3D matrix transducer. Results The 3D matrix nodule volume estimations had a lower median difference with the ground truth (0.4 mL) compared to the standard 2D approach (2.2 mL, p < 0.001) and mechanically swept 3D transducer (2.0 mL, p = 0.016). The 3D matrix-guided ablation resulted in a similar nodule ablation coverage when compared to 2D-guidance (76.7% versus 80.8%, p = 0.542). The 3D mechanically swept transducer performed worse (60.1%, p = 0.015). However, 3D matrix and 2D guidance ablations lead to a larger ablated volume outside the nodule than 3D mechanically swept (5.1 mL, 4.2 mL (p = 0.274), 0.5 mL (p < 0.001), respectively). The 3D matrix and mechanically swept approaches were faster with 80 and 72.5 s/mL ablated than 2D with 105.5 s/mL ablated. Conclusions The 3D matrix transducer estimates volumes more accurately and can facilitate accurate needle placement while reducing procedure time.

scholarly journals Three - dimensional ultrasound evaluation of tongue volume

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Barbič ◽  
Ivan Verdenik ◽  
Maja Marolt Mušič ◽  
Nataša Ihan Hren
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Male Group ◽  
Tongue Volume

Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to find a three - dimensional (3D) ultrasound technique for tongue volume estimation, to compare male and female groups and to find the correlation between tongue volume and body characteristics.Methods: 3D ultrasound was performed within a group of 14 men and a group of 18 women with norm-occlusion. The collected data were analysed by annexed software and the tongue volume was estimated. The repeatability as well as intra- and inter-rater agreement was determined by calculating intra-class correlation coefficient. The Student t-test was used to determine if there were significant differences in tongue volume and body characteristics between the male and the female groups. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between tongue volume and body characteristics.Results: The 3D ultrasound estimation of tongue volume was highly repeatable in terms of good intraclass correlation coefficients of repeatability (ICC: 0,997) as well as intra- and inter-rater reliabilities (ICC: 0,998 and 0,993 respectively). The male group were significantly taller, heavier and with higher BMI than the female group, and had significantly larger tongue volumes (mean of 89.2 cm3 in males vs. 67.2 cm3 in females). Only the body weights and BMIs in the male group correlated with the tongue volume.Conclusion: This study did demonstrate a valid and reproducible 3D ultrasound technique for tongue volume assessment.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional ultrasound for knee osteophyte depiction: a comparative study to computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Vendries ◽  
Tamas Ungi ◽  
Jordan Harry ◽  
Manuela Kunz ◽  
Jana Podlipská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Structured Light Scanner ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
Rms Error ◽  
Tissue Characteristics

Abstract Purpose Osteophytes are common radiographic markers of osteoarthritis. However, they are not accurately depicted using conventional imaging, thus hampering surgical interventions that rely on pre-operative images. Studies have shown that ultrasound (US) is promising at detecting osteophytes and monitoring the progression of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound reconstructions may offer a means to quantify osteophytes. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of osteophyte depiction in the knee joint between 3D US and conventional computed tomography (CT). Methods Eleven human cadaveric knees were pre-screened for the presence of osteophytes. Three osteoarthritic knees were selected, and then, 3D US and CT images were obtained, segmented, and digitally reconstructed in 3D. After dissection, high-resolution structured light scanner (SLS) images of the joint surfaces were obtained. Surface matching and root mean square (RMS) error analyses of surface distances were performed to assess the accuracy of each modality in capturing osteophytes. The RMS errors were compared between 3D US, CT and SLS models. Results Average RMS error comparisons for 3D US versus SLS and CT versus SLS models were 0.87 mm ± 0.33 mm (average ± standard deviation) and 0.95 mm ± 0.32 mm, respectively. No statistical difference was found between 3D US and CT. Comparative observations of imaging modalities suggested that 3D US better depicted osteophytes with cartilage and fibrocartilage tissue characteristics compared to CT. Conclusion Using 3D US can improve the depiction of osteophytes with a cartilaginous portion compared to CT. It can also provide useful information about the presence and extent of osteophytes. Whilst algorithm improvements for automatic segmentation and registration of US are needed to provide a more robust investigation of osteophyte depiction accuracy, this investigation puts forward the potential application for 3D US in routine diagnostic evaluations and pre-operative planning of osteoarthritis.

Ultrasonographic 3D Evaluation in the Diagnosis of Bladder Endometriosis: A Prospective Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fabio Barra ◽  
Franco Alessandri ◽  
Carolina Scala ◽  
Simone Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy Study ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Deep Endometriosis ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Bladder Endometriosis ◽  
Accuracy Study

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The use of three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) has been investigated for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis (DE). This study aimed to evaluate if 3D reconstructions improve the performance of TVS) in assessing the presence and characteristics of bladder endometriosis (BE). <b><i>Design:</i></b> This was a single-center comparative diagnostic accuracy study. <b><i>Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods:</i></b> Patients referred to our institution (Piazza della Vittoria 14 Srl, Genova, Italy) with clinical suspicion of DE were included. In case of surgery, women underwent systematic preoperative ultrasonographic imaging; an experienced sonographer performed a conventional TVS; another experienced sonographer, blinded to results of the previous exam, performed TVS, with the addition of 3D modality. The presence and characteristics of BE nodules were described in accord with International DE Analysis group consensus. Ultrasound data were compared with surgical and histological results. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, BE was intraoperatively found in 34 out of 194 women who underwent surgery for DE (17.5%; 95% confidence interval: 12.8–23.5%). TVS without and with 3D reconstructions were able to detect endometriotic BE in 82.2% (<i>n</i> = 28/34) and 85.3% (<i>n</i> = 29/34) of the cases (<i>p</i> = 0.125). Both the exams similarly estimated the largest diameter of BE (<i>p</i> = 0.652) and the distance between the endometriotic nodule and the closest ureteral meatus (<i>p</i> = 0.341). However, TVS with 3D reconstructions was more precise in estimating the volume of BE (<i>p</i> = 0.031). In one case (2.9%), TVS without and with 3D reconstructions detected the infiltration of the intramural ureter, which was confirmed at surgery and required laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation. <b><i>Limitations:</i></b> The extensive experience of the gynecologists performing the ultrasonographic scans, the lack of prestudy power analysis, and the population selected, which may have been influenced by the position of the institution as a referral center specialized in the treatment of severe endometriosis, are limitations of the current study. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results demonstrated the high accuracy of ultrasound for diagnosing BE. The addition of 3D reconstructions does not improve the performance of TVS in diagnosing the presence and characteristics of BE. However, the volume of BE may be more precisely assessed by 3D ultrasound.

scholarly journals Validation of Scolioscan Air-Portable Radiation-Free Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging Assessment System for Scoliosis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2858
Author(s):  
Kelly Ka-Lee Lai ◽  
Timothy Tin-Yan Lee ◽  
Michael Ka-Shing Lee ◽  
Joseph Chi-Ho Hui ◽  
Yong-Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Low Profile

To diagnose scoliosis, the standing radiograph with Cobb’s method is the gold standard for clinical practice. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging, which is radiation-free and inexpensive, has been demonstrated to be reliable for the assessment of scoliosis and validated by several groups. A portable 3D ultrasound system for scoliosis assessment is very much demanded, as it can further extend its potential applications for scoliosis screening, diagnosis, monitoring, treatment outcome measurement, and progress prediction. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of a newly developed portable 3D ultrasound imaging system, Scolioscan Air, for scoliosis assessment using coronal images it generated. The system was comprised of a handheld probe and tablet PC linking with a USB cable, and the probe further included a palm-sized ultrasound module together with a low-profile optical spatial sensor. A plastic phantom with three different angle structures built-in was used to evaluate the accuracy of measurement by positioning in 10 different orientations. Then, 19 volunteers with scoliosis (13F and 6M; Age: 13.6 ± 3.2 years) with different severity of scoliosis were assessed. Each subject underwent scanning by a commercially available 3D ultrasound imaging system, Scolioscan, and the portable 3D ultrasound imaging system, with the same posture on the same date. The spinal process angles (SPA) were measured in the coronal images formed by both systems and compared with each other. The angle phantom measurement showed the measured angles well agreed with the designed values, 59.7 ± 2.9 vs. 60 degrees, 40.8 ± 1.9 vs. 40 degrees, and 20.9 ± 2.1 vs. 20 degrees. For the subject tests, results demonstrated that there was a very good agreement between the angles obtained by the two systems, with a strong correlation (R2 = 0.78) for the 29 curves measured. The absolute difference between the two data sets was 2.9 ± 1.8 degrees. In addition, there was a small mean difference of 1.2 degrees, and the differences were symmetrically distributed around the mean difference according to the Bland–Altman test. Scolioscan Air was sufficiently comparable to Scolioscan in scoliosis assessment, overcoming the space limitation of Scolioscan and thus providing wider applications. Further studies involving a larger number of subjects are worthwhile to demonstrate its potential clinical values for the management of scoliosis.

scholarly journals Assessing biases, relaxing moralism: On ground-truthing practices in machine learning design and application

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205395172110135
Author(s):  
Florian Jaton
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
William James ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Moment

This theoretical paper considers the morality of machine learning algorithms and systems in the light of the biases that ground their correctness. It begins by presenting biases not as a priori negative entities but as contingent external referents—often gathered in benchmarked repositories called ground-truth datasets—that define what needs to be learned and allow for performance measures. I then argue that ground-truth datasets and their concomitant practices—that fundamentally involve establishing biases to enable learning procedures—can be described by their respective morality, here defined as the more or less accounted experience of hesitation when faced with what pragmatist philosopher William James called “genuine options”—that is, choices to be made in the heat of the moment that engage different possible futures. I then stress three constitutive dimensions of this pragmatist morality, as far as ground-truthing practices are concerned: (I) the definition of the problem to be solved (problematization), (II) the identification of the data to be collected and set up (databasing), and (III) the qualification of the targets to be learned (labeling). I finally suggest that this three-dimensional conceptual space can be used to map machine learning algorithmic projects in terms of the morality of their respective and constitutive ground-truthing practices. Such techno-moral graphs may, in turn, serve as equipment for greater governance of machine learning algorithms and systems.

Service quality function deployment by the C-shaped QFD 3D matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 3386-3405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hassani ◽  
Arash Shahin ◽  
Manouchehr Kheradmandnia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Matrix ◽  
Simultaneous Comparison

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of C-shaped QFD 3D Matrix in comparing process characteristics (PC), performance aspects (PA) and customer requirements, simultaneously and to prioritize the first two sets, respectively. Design/methodology/approach A three dimensional matrix has been developed with three sets of PC, PA and customers’ requirements and C-shaped matrix has been applied for simultaneous comparison of the dimensions and prioritization of the subsets of PC and PA. The proposed approach has been examined in a post bank. Findings Findings confirm the possibility of simultaneous comparison and prioritization of the three sets of dimensions of this study in post bank services. In addition, “growth and learning” and “bilateral relationship with suppliers” had the first priorities among PA and PC, respectively. Research limitations/implications While the proposed approach has many advantages, filling the matrixes is time-consuming. Since illustrating the 3D matrix was not possible, the matrix was separated into five two-dimensional matrixes. Originality/value Compared to the studied literature, the proposed approach is practically new in the post bank services.

Three-dimensional ultrasound first trimester fetal volume measurement and its relation to pregnancy outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham A. Torky ◽  
Asem A. Moussa ◽  
Ali M. Ahmad ◽  
Osama Dief ◽  
Manar A. Eldesoouky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Crown Rump Length

AbstractAim of work:To determine whether fetal volume (FV) measured by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound was able to detect fetuses at risk of low birth weight (primary outcome) and/or preterm labor (secondary outcome).Methods:One hundred pregnant women carrying a singleton living pregnancy who were sure of dates, and had a dating scan, with gestational age between 11 weeks and 13 weeks+6 days coming for routine first trimester nuchal translucency (NT) were examined by both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D ultrasound (Vocal System) for crown-rump length (CRL) and FV then followed up regularly every 4 weeks until 28 weeks then biweekly until 36 weeks then weekly until delivery both clinically and by ultrasound biometry.Findings:Eighty-seven cases had a normal outcome, while the remaining 13 cases had either preterm labor (four cases) or low-birth weight (nine cases). FV positively correlated with CRL (P=0.026), gestational age in weeks (P=0.002), neonatal body weight in grams (P=0.018) and neonatal body length at birth (P=0.04). A mean FV of 8.3 mmConclusion:3D assessment of FV in the first trimester provides an accurate method for predicting pregnancy outcome namely low birth weight and neonatal complications, however, it is a better positive predictor than a negative one.

scholarly journals TightCap: 3D Human Shape Capture with Clothing Tightness Field

2022 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Anqi Pang ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Peihao Wang ◽  
Lan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Optimization Scheme ◽  
High Quality ◽  
3D Scan ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Geometry Image

In this article, we present TightCap, a data-driven scheme to capture both the human shape and dressed garments accurately with only a single three-dimensional (3D) human scan, which enables numerous applications such as virtual try-on, biometrics, and body evaluation. To break the severe variations of the human poses and garments, we propose to model the clothing tightness field—the displacements from the garments to the human shape implicitly in the global UV texturing domain. To this end, we utilize an enhanced statistical human template and an effective multi-stage alignment scheme to map the 3D scan into a hybrid 2D geometry image. Based on this 2D representation, we propose a novel framework to predict clothing tightness field via a novel tightness formulation, as well as an effective optimization scheme to further reconstruct multi-layer human shape and garments under various clothing categories and human postures. We further propose a new clothing tightness dataset of human scans with a large variety of clothing styles, poses, and corresponding ground-truth human shapes to stimulate further research. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our TightCap to achieve the high-quality human shape and dressed garments reconstruction, as well as the further applications for clothing segmentation, retargeting, and animation.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Sitting Postures With Sensor Networks in Controlled and Free-living Environments: Systematic Review

10.2196/21105 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e21105
Author(s):  
Arpita Mallikarjuna Kappattanavar ◽  
Nico Steckhan ◽  
Jan Philipp Sachs ◽  
Harry Freitas da Cruz ◽  
Erwin Böttinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Future Work

Background A majority of employees in the industrial world spend most of their working time in a seated position. Monitoring sitting postures can provide insights into the underlying causes of occupational discomforts such as low back pain. Objective This study focuses on the technologies and algorithms used to classify sitting postures on a chair with respect to spine and limb movements. Methods A total of three electronic literature databases were surveyed to identify studies classifying sitting postures in adults. Quality appraisal was performed to extract critical details and assess biases in the shortlisted papers. Results A total of 14 papers were shortlisted from 952 papers obtained after a systematic search. The majority of the studies used pressure sensors to measure sitting postures, whereas neural networks were the most frequently used approaches for classification tasks in this context. Only 2 studies were performed in a free-living environment. Most studies presented ethical and methodological shortcomings. Moreover, the findings indicate that the strategic placement of sensors can lead to better performance and lower costs. Conclusions The included studies differed in various aspects of design and analysis. The majority of studies were rated as medium quality according to our assessment. Our study suggests that future work for posture classification can benefit from using inertial measurement unit sensors, since they make it possible to differentiate among spine movements and similar postures, considering transitional movements between postures, and using three-dimensional cameras to annotate the data for ground truth. Finally, comparing such studies is challenging, as there are no standard definitions of sitting postures that could be used for classification. In addition, this study identifies five basic sitting postures along with different combinations of limb and spine movements to help guide future research efforts.

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