scholarly journals Screening the nematicidal potential of indigenous medicinal plant extracts against Meloidogyne incognita under lab. and greenhouse conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosny Kesba ◽  
Abdullah Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Samy Sayed ◽  
Al-Sayed Al-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Abstract Background The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causes a high damage and yield decrease for many economic plants. The need for non-systemic effective new approaches and environmentally friendly methods for controlling the nematodes has directed research to some new and safe agrochemicals found in medicinal plants as new viable management options. Results In laboratory experiments, solidago and periwinkle aqueous and ethanolic extracts achieved high J2 mortality (%) concerning different dilutions; however, aqueous extracts were more effective for mortality than ethanolic extracts. Also, there was a direct relationship between the nematicidal activity of these extracts with both concentration and time of application. Inhibition of egg hatching by Periwinkle extracts was higher than that of solidago. Moreover, the nematicidal activity of tested extracts against J2 decreased significantly with prolonged storage time at + 5 °C, while did not with stored frozen at – 5 °C for 12 months. Periwinkle and solidago extracts killed the non-target organisms, i.e., rotifers and free-living nematodes. Seventy-five and 90% of total phytochemicals recovered from periwinkle and solidago, respectively were nematostatic or nematicidal to nematode viability, egg hatch in vitro, and development and reproduction in vivo despite the method of application (foliar and soil drench). The antagonistic effects of solidago were more pronounced in soil drench than periwinkle concerning their concentrations and methods of application. Conclusion Solidago and periwinkle plant extracts showed important sources of effective control phytochemicals against M. incognita.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2268
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Mei ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Guohong Li
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

Plant parasitic nematodes, especially parasitic root-knot nematodes, are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide. The control of plant root-knot nematodes is extremely challenging. Duddingtonia flagrans is a type of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), which produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to trap nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the NTF D. flagrans against the plant root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. The predatory process of D. flagrans trapping M. incognita was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VOCs from D. flagrans led to the identification of 52 metabolites, of which 11 main compounds were tested individually for their activity against M. incognita. Three compounds, cyclohexanamine, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, were toxic to M. incognita. Furthermore, these three VOCs inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita. Cyclohexanamine showed the highest nematicidal activity, which can cause 97.93% mortality of M. incognita at 8.71 µM within 12 h. The number of hatched juveniles per egg mass after 3 days was just 8.44 when treated with 26.14 µM cyclohexanamine. This study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity of VOCs produced by D. flagrans against M. incognita, which indicates that D. flagrans has the potential to biocontrol plant root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Ethno Medicinal Plant Extracts on Botryodiplodia theobromae the Causal Organism of Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Rot

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Chikwendu A. E. ◽  
Okigbo R. N. ◽  
Anukwuorji C. A. ◽  
Anukwu J. U. ◽  
Eze H. N.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Botryodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Better Than

Post-harvest deterioration and rot caused by diverse microorganisms is the single most important factor militating against yam production in Nigeria. In an approach towards the development of ecofriendly antifungal compound in controlling yam rot, ethanol and aqueous extracts of six commonly available plants: Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Carica papaya and Citrus sinensis were tested in combination for their synergistic effect against Botryodiplodia theobromae. Four different extract concentrations (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10%) were obtained from each extract mixture. Cold solvent extraction method was used for the extraction of plant materials while food poisoning technique was used for in vitro screening of plant extracts against rot inducing fungal organism. Botryodiplodia theobromae was tested to be pathogenic on healthy yam tubers with rot incidence of 80 mm. The synergistic effects of the combined extract varied with the plants combined, solvent of extraction, concentration of extract and test fungi. Ethanol extract showed greater effect in the inhibition of the entire organism than aqueous. All the extract combinations that had Neem as a component did better than other combinations in aqueous extracts. Inhibition of fungal growth was best observed at 7.5% and 10% extract concentrations. The highest inhibitory effect on the test organism (Botryodiplodia theobromae) was by the combination of Neem/Bitter leaf and Orange/Scent leaf, with values of 98.40±0.095% and 94.24±0.583% respectively for aqueous while the highest inhibition for ethanol extract was observed from Scent leaf/Bitter leaf and Pawpaw/Lemon, with values of 99.80±0.000% and 98.83±0.619% respectively these were significantly (P<0.05) better than other combinations. With respect to the synergistic activity between the plants materials combined in this study, all the combinations showed great synergism against the test organisms. This is likely to be a means of achieving pragmatic, effective control and prevention of food spoilage, since the development of new classes of antifungal agents is of paramount importance. The crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of all the six plant extracts showed potential synergy on organisms responsible for yam rot, hence they are recommended for the control of rot inducing microbial organisms.

scholarly journals Nematicidal Evaluation and Active Compounds Isolation of Aspergillus japonicus ZW1 against Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne incognita

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Qiong He ◽  
Dongya Wang ◽  
Bingxue Li ◽  
Ambreen Maqsood ◽  
Haiyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Aspergillus Japonicus

The root-knot nematode is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, and the ecofriendly alternative approach of biological control has been used to suppress nematode populations. Here the nematicidal activity of Aspergillus japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate against Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated in vitro and in greenhouse, and the effects of A. japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate on seed germination and the active compound of A. japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate were determined. The 2-week fermentation filtrate (2-WF) of A. japonicus ZW1 exhibited markedly inhibitory effects on egg hatching, and 5% 2-WF showed potential nematicidal activities on second-stage juveniles (J2s); the mortality of J2s was 100% after 24 h exposure. The internal contents of nematodes were degraded and remarkable protruded wrinkles were present on the body surface of J2s. The nematicidal activity of the fermentation was stable after boiling and was not affected by storage time. A germination assay revealed that 2-WF did not have a negative effect on the viability and germination of corn, wheat, rice, cowpeas, cucumbers, soybeans, or tomato seeds. The pot-grown study confirmed that a 20% fermentation broth solution significantly reduced root galls and egg numbers on tomatoes, and decreased galls and eggs by 47.3% and 51.8% respectively, over Czapek medium and water controls. The active compound from the A. japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate was isolated and identified as 1,5-Dimethyl Citrate hydrochloride ester on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and LC-MS (liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer) techniques. Thus, fermentation of A. japonicus ZW1 could be considered a potential new biological nematicide for the control of M. incognita.

scholarly journals Nematicidal potential of Streptomyces antibioticus strain M7 against Meloidogyne incognita

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Sharma ◽  
Shivam Jasrotia ◽  
Puja Ohri ◽  
Rajesh Kumari Manhas
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Streptomyces Antibioticus ◽  
Juvenile Mortality

Abstract Meloidogyne spp. are microscopic, obligatory endoparasites with worldwide distribution which cause severe damage to agricultural crops. The present study revealed the nematicidal activity of Streptomyces antibioticus strain M7 against Meloidogyne incognita. The culture supernatant of the isolate caused 100% J2 mortality after 24 h and inhibited egg hatching (only 3%). In addition, the nematicidal activity of actinomycins V, X2 and D purified from strain M7 was also checked. In vitro studies displayed 97.0–99.0% juvenile mortality and 28.0–44.0% egg hatching after 168 h at 240 µg/ml of actinomycin, with LD50 (lethal dose) values of 28–120 µg/ml. In vivo study further validated the nematicidal activity of strain M7, where nematode infested tomato plants treated with culture supernatant/cells/solvent extract showed reduction in root galls and egg masses per plant by 50.0–62.06% and 53.48–76.74%, respectively, and significantly enhanced the shoot length (54.67–76.39%), root length (36.45–64.88%), shoot fresh weight (111–171.77%), root fresh weight (120–163.33%), shoot dry weight (54.45–145.45%), and root dry weight (100–133.3%) over the nematode infested plants treated with water. Furthermore, tomato plants treated with cells/culture supernatant/extract of strain M7 without nematode infestation also showed significant increase in various plant growth parameters. Thus, the outcome of the study revealed the potential of S. antibioticus strain M7 and actinomycins produced from it to be developed as safe nematicidal agents to control the root knot nematodes, and to increase the crop yield.

scholarly journals Nematicidal Activity of Plant Extracts Against the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiratno ◽  
D. Taniwiryono ◽  
H. Van den Berg ◽  
J.A. G. Riksen ◽  
I.M. C.M. Rietjens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Root Knot Nematode

scholarly journals Bio-potential of Aqueous Extract of Verbesina encelioides, Moringa oleifera, Cassia fistula against Meloidogyne incognita

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pareek Apexa ◽  
Gaur Arvind ◽  
Lodha Payal
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Verbesina Encelioides

Background: The Meloidogyne incognita is the most destructive pathogen and causes loss of yield of various economically important plants of various families. It is polyphagous in behaviour and has a high reproductive rate, these parameters are a hurdle in management of it. Various chemicals are used to control nematode worldwide that are very expensive and highly toxic to the environment and human beings. For ecologically safe method, three plants i.e. Verbesina encelioides, Moringa oleifera, Cassia fistula and their various parts such as leaf, stem and flower’s cold aqueous extracts were tried in vitro to test their nematicidal activity. Methods: Cold aqueous extracts (10% w/v) of each plant material were prepared by mixing 10g of each plant material in 100 ml of distilled water and kept aside for 48 hours. To estimate inhibition of egg hatching and mortality rate of second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, eggs and juveniles were exposed for 24, 48 and 72 hours in different concentrations (20 ppm to 200 ppm) of plant extracts. Result: All three tested plant extracts showed promising nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita and the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera prevents the hatching of eggs. Inhibition of larval hatching from egg and nematode mortality rate were strongly influenced by concentration of extract, plant species and duration of exposure.

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