Restricted diffusion MRI as a functional biomarker for the assessment of acute calcular upper urinary tract obstruction: initial experience

Abstract Background Acute renal obstruction due to stone is a prevalent scenario. The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) of the kidneys provides a noninvasive information on renal function. Our objective is to prospectively assess the potential role of DWI to predict the signal changes of a kidney with acute calcular obstruction. Results Chi-square and Fissure exact tests were used to assess the association of diffusion signal changes among patients and control groups. Cohen's Kappa test was run to determine the degree of agreement between the two radiologists. An independent sample t-test was performed to assess the significant difference among ADC values between the two groups. Restricted signals of the obstructed kidneys showed a statistically significant difference when compared with contralateral unobstructed kidney and control group with p value (0.001) and (0.01), respectively. Furthermore, there is a moderate agreement between the two radiologists K = 0.7, p = 0. 001. There is no statistically significant difference in ADC values when comparing the obstructed kidney and the contralateral unobstructed kidney of the patient group or with the control group p value (0.06) and (0.05), respectively. Conclusion Restricted signals of the obstructed kidney by DWI may be a helpful tool in diagnosing acute unilateral renal obstruction and can affect its management; however, it needs further validation by more studies.

Download Full-text

Resorbable Collagen Barrier Impeding the Extrusion of Obturating Material in Primary Molars Undergoing Resorption – A Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4625-45.5.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 312-316

Author(s):

Mishra Neha Sanjeev ◽

Harsimran Kaur ◽

Sandeep Singh Mayall ◽

Rishika ◽

Ramakrishna Yeluri

Keyword(s):

Test Group ◽

Primary Molars ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

And Control

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of placing a resorbable collagen barrier in impeding the extrusion of obturation material in primary molars undergoing resorption. Study design: All the 94 canals in 47 mandibular molars were allocated to 2 groups- Group ‘A’- 47 canals with collagen barrier (Test group) and Group ‘B’- 47 canals without collagen barrier (Control group) based on randomization protocol. Pulpectomy was performed and obturation of both test and control canals were radiographically assessed. Pearson’s chi – square test was applied to analyze the results. The significance level was predetermined at p < 0.05. Results: Among the test group, 93.6% of the canals showed no extrusion while, 6.4% showed visible extrusion of the material outside the apex. In the control group, 83% showed no extrusion whereas 17% of the canals showed visible extrusion outside the apex. But no significant difference was noted (p>0.05). Conclusion: The placement of resorbable collagen barrier in the apical third of the canal prevented the extrusion of obturating material beyond the apex in resorbing primary molars.

Download Full-text

Effects of Early Warning Score (EWS) Tutorial Simulation on Nurses' Knowledge and Clinical Performance

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing ◽

10.14710/nmjn.v9i2.24821 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 231-241

Author(s):

Roshy Damayanti ◽

Yanny Trisyani ◽

Aan Nuraeni

Keyword(s):

Early Warning ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Early Warning Score ◽

Control Group ◽

Training Methods ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Nurses Knowledge

Background: The Early Warning Score (EWS) system has been recommended for early identification tool of deterioration. However, its implementation has not been optimal; one of which is due to the low level of knowledge and understanding of EWS among nurses.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of EWS tutorial simulation on nurses’ knowledge and clinical performance.Methods: This study employed a pretest posttest quasi-experimental design with a control group. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the samples of 42 respondents each in the intervention group and control group. The data were collected using the questionnaires to measure the knowledge and clinical performance, and analyzed using Chi square, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: The results showed that there were differences in the pre-test and post-test of knowledge and clinical performance in the intervention group and control group (p<0.001). There was also a significant difference in clinical performance between the intervention group and the control group (p<0.001). However, no significant difference in knowledge was found between.Conclusions: Tutorial simulation of EWS had an effect on increasing nurses’ clinical performance. Although there was no significant difference in knowledge between the intervention group and the control group, but the intervention group showed a better value than the control group. EWS tutorial simulation can be used as one of the training methods to increase nurses' knowledge and clinical performance in EWS.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Using the Care Model of "Sensitization" on Medication Adherence in Asthmatic Patients

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n11p11 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahbobeh Sajadi ◽

Mozhgan Bagheri ◽

Davood Hekmatpou ◽

Hamid Borsi

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Care Model ◽

Chi Square ◽

Asthmatic Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prevalent Disease ◽

And Control ◽

Positive Effect

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a prevalent disease with a multitude of complication. The present research was aimed at investigating the effects of implementing sensitization care model on medication adherence in asthmatic patients.METHODS & MATERIALS: In this interventional study, 74 subjects were selected using accessibility sampling method and were randomly classified into 2 separate groups, intervention (37 subjects) and control group (37 subjects). Data were collected with questionnaire. A month later, the subjects in both groups (control and intervention) completed questionnaire again. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, Independent t-test, Paired t-test and Chi-Square.RESULTS: Data analysis showed that the average age of participants was 41 years (range 21-83). The most and lowest frequencies of marital status in both sexes were 66.2% married and 33.8% single, respectively. There was no significant difference before intervention between two groups. However, after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.0001).DISCUSSION: The results of the present study showed that implementing sensitization care model had a positive effect on medication adherence among asthmatic patients. Therefore, application of this model is recommended to care and treatment asthmatic patients.

Download Full-text

Influence of Therapeutic Play on the anxiety of hospitalized school-age children: Clinical trial

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0353 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1244-1249 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sabrina Gisele Tobias da Silva ◽

Maiara Aurichio Santos ◽

Claudia Maria de Freitas Floriano ◽

Elaine Buchhorn Cintra Damião ◽

Fernanda Vieira de Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

School Age Children ◽

Control Group ◽

School Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Therapeutic Play ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of Dramatic Therapeutic Play (DTP) technique on the degree of anxiety in hospitalized school-age children. Method: Randomized clinical trial performed in two hospitals ofSão Paulo, between May and October 2015. The intervention consisted of the application of DTP and the outcome was evaluated through the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD: H) instrument. The Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney, Corrected t, Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests were used in the analysis. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: In all, 28 children participated in the study. The majority of children (75%) had a low anxiety score, with a mean CD: H score of 73.9 and 69.4 in the intervention and control groups respectively, and with no significant difference. Conclusion: Children submitted to DTP had the same degree of anxiety as those in the control group. However, it is suggested that new studies be performed with a larger number of children in different hospitalization scenarios.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Education Given to the Caregivers of Patients with Stroke on Anxiety and Depression: An Example from Eastern Turkey

International Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.33140/ijp/03/02/00001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Stroke Patient ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Care Givers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Neurology Clinic ◽

The Individual ◽

And Control

Background: As one of the chronic conditions, stroke brings about important problems for the individual, their family and the society. Aim: This research was made in order to determine the effect of training given to stroke patient caregivers on their anxiety and depression levels. Methods: This experimental research with pretest-posttest control group was conducted in Neurology Clinic between July 2011 and July 2012. The experiment group of the research consisted of 31 stroke patient lying for the first time in the clinic and control group consisted of 33 stroke patients who lied in the clinic before and also care givers. The pretest data was collected by the patient and care giver introduction form prepared by the researchers starting from the week the patient was accepted to the clinic, Barthel Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Posttest data was collected by using all scales after discharge of patient (except introduction form). In the evaluation of the data percentage, average, chi-square was used and also t test was used in independent groups. Results: According to research results a significant difference could not be found between anxiety and depression points of experiment and control groups before training (p>0.05). In the evaluation made after the training it was determined that the anxiety and depression points of the caregivers decreased and the decreases were significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: As a result it was determined that the training given to care givers in the experiment group decreased their anxiety and depression levels. We can recommend that nurses participate in educations on the care of patients with stroke, provide education to caregivers and arrange workshops to increase their awareness on this issue.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Study on the Effects of Acupressure at SP6 and ST36 Acupoints on the Pain Caused by Fistula Needle Placement in Hemodialysis Patients

Complementary Medicine Journal ◽

10.32598/cmja.10.4.975.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 354-367

Author(s):

Tahereh Baloochi Beydokhti ◽

Keyword(s):

Arteriovenous Fistula ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Needle Placement ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Vas Scores ◽

And Control

Objective: Hemodialysis is one of the most common treatment methods in kidney patients. To do this, repeated insertion of the needle into the vessel is necessary. Patients treated with hemodialysis are exposed to stress and pain caused by perforation of their arteriovenous fistula about 300 times a year. More than 1/5 of hemodialysis patients express this pain as unbearable. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints on the pain caused by fistula needle placement in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted in 2016 on 90 hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula in Mashhad, Iran. They were randomly divided into three groups of SP6, ST36, and control. Data were collected after obtaining a written informed consent by a demographic form and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS v.16 software by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and Chi-square test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between VAS scores after the intervention in all three group (P<0.001). The Mean±SD VAS scores before the intervention in SP6, ST36, control groups were 54.47±18.93, 51.5±22.83, 46.6±17.73, respectively which changed to 45.63±20.53, 40.2±20.01, and 51.87±19.05 after the intervention, indicating that acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints reduced pain in patients, while the pain increased in the control group. Conclusion: Acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints is an effective method in relieving pain caused by the insertion of a needle into the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Teknik Vulva Hygiene terhadap Jumlah Kuman Vulva pada Ibu Nifas di BPM Kota Bandar Lampung

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.26630/jk.v8i3.623 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 465

Author(s):

Nelly Indrasari ◽

Purwati Purwati

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Research Unit ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

And Control

The case of maternal mortality in Bandar Lampung city in 2013 is 19 cases, in 2014 there are 7 cases and all died during childbirth and there are 19 cases of maternal death by 2015. (Profile of Lampung Province Health Office 2014). Research Objectives to Detect the Influence of Vulva Hygiene Technique on Number of Vulva Germs In Nifas Mother In BPM Bandar Lampung City Year 2016. This research method using quasi-experiment design. This study compares between treated groups and control groups. Treatment group 1 was treated with vulvar hygiene by using 1 cotton, group 2 using 3 kinds of cotton, group 3 using 5 cotton and control group without treatment. Population in this research is mother Nanyang checking his health at BPM in Bandar Lampung city at the time of research. The sample of respondent's research is 120. Data collection with Teradata is done as much as 1 time then done culture and examination in a local laboratory. Data were processed and analyzed by independent T-test. The result showed that the average number of germs was 2277,37 germs (95% CI 7140,59-38402,16) with standard deviation 65553,94 germs. The lowest number of germs and pathogen bacteria still 0.35% of respondents on the vulva hygiene of a cotton with a duration of 26 days. The result of analysis with cruciate Wallis test is 3,498. Looking at the statistics of the table by looking at the Chi-square table, for df (degrees of freedom)=3 and the significance level (α) = 5%, then obtained statist table 2.32. Because of the count statistic (2.32> 0.321), then Ho accepted, or no significant difference (significant). The research unit can utilize and apply vulva hygiene technique with antiseptic, so it can prevent the occurrence of infection in the postpartum mother.

Download Full-text

Effect of a mobile-based educational app on blood pressure of patients with hypertension

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001577 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. e001577

Author(s):

Fereshteh Falah ◽

S A Sajadi ◽

A H Pishgooie

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Paired T Test

BackgroundHypertension is known as one of the most important non-communicable pervasive diseases.ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a mobile-based educational app on the blood pressure (BP) of patients with hypertension.MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted on 66 military personnel who were definitively diagnosed with hypertension by a physician, and then assigned randomly into two groups as intervention (receiving mobile-based educational app) and control (receiving standard medical management but no app). Before the intervention, BP levels of both groups were measured with a calibrated sphygmomanometer. After 6 weeks, the BPs of both groups were remeasured using the same sphygmomanometer. Thereafter, descriptive and inferential statistics, including paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests, were used. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS-21 software at a significance level of p<0.05.ResultsComparison of the intervention and control groups showed no statistically significant difference between the groups in systolic BP (p=0.479) and diastolic BP (p=0.851) in the pre-intervention phase, but after the intervention, systolic and diastolic BP levels were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p=0.0001).ConclusionThe results suggested that the mobile-based educational app had a significant effect on reducing BP in patients with hypertension. Therefore, using this app is recommended for those military personnel with hypertension.

Download Full-text

Assessing the effectiveness of problem-based and lecture-based learning environments on students’ achievements in electronic works

International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education ◽

10.1177/0020720918773983 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 334-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chibueze Tobias Orji ◽

Theresa Chinyere Ogbuanya

Keyword(s):

Learning Environments ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of problem-based and lecture-based learning environments on students’ achievement in electronic works. The design was randomized subjects with pretest and posttest control group design. The participants ( N = 148) were randomized to treatment and control conditions. Repeated measures analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance were conducted by the researchers to compare changes across the treatment and control group participants. To test for differences in categorical data representing characteristics of the participants, the researchers used Chi-square (χ2) statistic. Results show that the experimental group achieved higher achievement scores than the control group for electronic works achievement test at the posttest and follow-up test stages. Furthermore, the study found that there was no significant difference ( P > 0.05) in the achievement of students in the different ability levels and genders after the treatment. Hence, problem-based learning was advocated for teachers of electronic works in Nigeria.

Download Full-text

Diffusion-weighted imaging of normal appearing corticospinal tracts in patients with multiple sclerosis

The Neuroradiology Journal ◽

10.1177/1971400917745457 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 142-146

Author(s):

Kadihan Yalçın-Şafak ◽

Ahmet Akça ◽

Özlem Elibol ◽

İrem Sarı

Keyword(s):

Corticospinal Tract ◽

Internal Capsule ◽

Control Group ◽

Corticospinal Tracts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Adc Values ◽

Study Population ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right ◽

And Control

Aim To determine if there are differences in ADC values between normal appearing corticospinal tracks in patients with MS compared to ADC values in controls. Material and methods The study population comprised 62 consecutive MS patients (36 women and 26 men; mean age 36.45±8.63 years). 50 control subjects with no neurological disabilities or intracranial were included the study (32 women and 18 men; mean age 40.18±12.25 years). All ADC maps were independently evaluated by two experienced radiologists. ROI of approximately 15–18 mm2 in capsula interna and 10–12 mm2 in mesencephalon were placed bilaterally for measurement of ADC values. Three circular ROIs were placed-one each side for internal capsule-and 6 total ROIs from right and left internal capsule were averaged for each patient. Mesencephelon ADC measurements were performed similarly. Result The mean ADC values of the left internal capsule in MS patients were significiantly lower than the control group (p:0.002). No statistically significant difference was found between the MS patients and control group mean ADC values of the right internal capsule (p>0.05). The mean ADC values of the right and left mesencephalon in MS patients were significiantly lower than the control group (respectively; p:0.031, p<0.001). The mean ADC values of the left internal capsule were significiantly lower than the right internal capsule in MS patients (p<0.001). The mean ADC values of the left mesencephalon were significiantly lower than the right mesencephalon in MS patients (p<0.001). Conclusion The mean ADC values of the normal-appearing corticospinal tract in MS patients were significantly lower than the control group except for the right internal capsule.

Download Full-text