scholarly journals Hydrogel based tissue engineering and its future applications in personalized disease modeling and regenerative therapy

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Chaudhary ◽  
Eliza Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Organoid Culture

Abstract Background Evolution in the in vitro cell culture from conventional 2D to 3D technique has been a significant accomplishment. The 3D culture models have provided a close and better insight into the physiological study of the human body. The increasing demand for organs like liver, kidney, and pancreas for transplantation, rapid anti-cancer drug screening, and the limitations associated with the use of animal models have attracted the interest of researchers to explore 3D organ culture. Main body Natural, synthetic, and hybrid material-based hydrogels are being used as scaffolds in 3D culture and provide 'close-to-in vivo’ structures. Organoids: the stem cell-derived small size 3D culture systems are now favored due to their ability to mimic the in-vivo conditions of organ or tissue and this characteristic has made it eligible for a variety of clinical applications, drug discovery and regenerative medicine are a few of the many areas of application. The use of animal models for clinical applications has been a long-time ethical and biological challenge to get accurate outcomes. 3D bioprinting has resolved the issue of vascularization in organoid culture to a great extent by its layer-by-layer construction approach. The 3D bioprinted organoids have a popular application in personalized disease modeling and rapid drug development and therapeutics. Short conclusions This review paper, focuses on discussing the novel organoid culture approach, its advantages and limitations, and potential applications in a variety of life science areas namely cancer research, cell therapy, tissue engineering, and personalized medicine and drug discovery. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals To Better Generate Organoids, What Can We Learn From Teratomas?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Li ◽  
Lixiong Gao ◽  
Jinlin Du ◽  
Tianju Ma ◽  
Zi Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Genomic Profile ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Culture Systems

The genomic profile of animal models is not completely matched with the genomic profile of humans, and 2D cultures do not represent the cellular heterogeneity and tissue architecture found in tissues of their origin. Derived from 3D culture systems, organoids establish a crucial bridge between 2D cell cultures and in vivo animal models. Organoids have wide and promising applications in developmental research, disease modeling, drug screening, precision therapy, and regenerative medicine. However, current organoids represent only single or partial components of a tissue, which lack blood vessels, native microenvironment, communication with near tissues, and a continuous dorsal-ventral axis within 3D culture systems. Although efforts have been made to solve these problems, unfortunately, there is no ideal method. Teratoma, which has been frequently studied in pathological conditions, was recently discovered as a new in vivo model for developmental studies. In contrast to organoids, teratomas have vascularized 3D structures and regions of complex tissue-like organization. Studies have demonstrated that teratomas can be used to mimic multilineage human development, enrich specific somatic progenitor/stem cells, and even generate brain organoids. These results provide unique opportunities to promote our understanding of the vascularization and maturation of organoids. In this review, we first summarize the basic characteristics, applications, and limitations of both organoids and teratomas and further discuss the possibility that in vivo teratoma systems can be used to promote the vascularization and maturation of organoids within an in vitro 3D culture system.

scholarly journals Emerging hiPSC Models for Drug Discovery in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8196
Author(s):  
Dorit Trudler ◽  
Swagata Ghatak ◽  
Stuart A. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are characterized by the chronic and progressive deterioration of neural function. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD), represent a huge social and economic burden due to increasing prevalence in our aging society, severity of symptoms, and lack of effective disease-modifying therapies. This lack of effective treatments is partly due to a lack of reliable models. Modeling neurodegenerative diseases is difficult because of poor access to human samples (restricted in general to postmortem tissue) and limited knowledge of disease mechanisms in a human context. Animal models play an instrumental role in understanding these diseases but fail to comprehensively represent the full extent of disease due to critical differences between humans and other mammals. The advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology presents an advantageous system that complements animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Coupled with advances in gene-editing technologies, hiPSC-derived neural cells from patients and healthy donors now allow disease modeling using human samples that can be used for drug discovery.

scholarly journals Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Methods for Adipose Tissue Modeling In Vitro: A Systematic Review

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Peyton Gibler ◽  
Jeffrey Gimble ◽  
Katie Hamel ◽  
Emma Rogers ◽  
Michael Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Adipose Tissue Engineering ◽  
The Impact

Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASC) are widely used for in vitro modeling of physiologically relevant human adipose tissue. These models are useful for the development of tissue constructs for soft tissue regeneration and 3-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPS) for drug discovery. In this systematic review, we report on the current state of hASC culture and assessment methods for adipose tissue engineering using 3D MPS. Our search efforts resulted in the identification of 184 independent records, of which 27 were determined to be most relevant to the goals of the present review. Our results demonstrate a lack of consensus on methods for hASC culture and assessment for the production of physiologically relevant in vitro models of human adipose tissue. Few studies have assessed the impact of different 3D culture conditions on hASC adipogenesis. Additionally, there has been a limited use of assays for characterizing the functionality of adipose tissue in vitro. Results from this study suggest the need for more standardized culture methods and further analysis on in vitro tissue functionality. These will be necessary to validate the utility of 3D MPS as an in vitro model to reduce, refine, and replace in vivo experiments in the drug discovery regulatory process.

scholarly journals An in vivo large-scale chemical screening platform using Drosophila for anti-cancer drug discovery

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Willoughby ◽  
T. Schlosser ◽  
S. A. Manning ◽  
J. P. Parisot ◽  
I. P. Street ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Cancer Drug Discovery ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Screening Platform

scholarly journals 3D Hepatic Organoid-Based Advancements in LIVER Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Amit Panwar ◽  
Prativa Das ◽  
Lay Poh Tan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Liver Tissue Engineering

Liver-associated diseases and tissue engineering approaches based on in vitro culture of functional Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) had been restricted by the rapid de-differentiation in 2D culture conditions which restricted their usability. It was proven that cells growing in 3D format can better mimic the in vivo microenvironment, and thus help in maintaining metabolic activity, phenotypic properties, and longevity of the in vitro cultures. Again, the culture method and type of cell population are also recognized as important parameters for functional maintenance of primary hepatocytes. Hepatic organoids formed by self-assembly of hepatic cells are microtissues, and were able to show long-term in vitro maintenance of hepato-specific characteristics. Thus, hepatic organoids were recognized as an effective tool for screening potential cures and modeling liver diseases effectively. The current review summarizes the importance of 3D hepatic organoid culture over other conventional 2D and 3D culture models and its applicability in Liver tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Engineering Human Cardiac Muscle Patch Constructs for Prevention of Post-infarction LV Remodeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Vahid Serpooshan ◽  
Jianyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Lv Remodeling

Tissue engineering combines principles of engineering and biology to generate living tissue equivalents for drug testing, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. As techniques for reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequently differentiating them into cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cells have become increasingly efficient, progress toward the development of engineered human cardiac muscle patch (hCMP) and heart tissue analogs has accelerated. A few pilot clinical studies in patients with post-infarction LV remodeling have been already approved. Conventional methods for hCMP fabrication include suspending cells within scaffolds, consisting of biocompatible materials, or growing two-dimensional sheets that can be stacked to form multilayered constructs. More recently, advanced technologies, such as micropatterning and three-dimensional bioprinting, have enabled fabrication of hCMP architectures at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. However, the studies working on various hCMP-based strategies for in vivo tissue repair face several major obstacles, including the inadequate scalability for clinical applications, poor integration and engraftment rate, and the lack of functional vasculature. Here, we review many of the recent advancements and key concerns in cardiac tissue engineering, focusing primarily on the production of hCMPs at clinical/industrial scales that are suitable for administration to patients with myocardial disease. The wide variety of cardiac cell types and sources that are applicable to hCMP biomanufacturing are elaborated. Finally, some of the key challenges remaining in the field and potential future directions to address these obstacles are discussed.

scholarly journals Scaffold-Free 3-D Cell Sheet Technique Bridges the Gap between 2-D Cell Culture and Animal Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayidah Alghuwainem ◽  
Alaa T. Alshareeda ◽  
Batla Alsowayan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
D Cell

Various tissue engineering techniques have been created in research spanning two centuries, resulting in new opportunities for growing cells in culture and the creation of 3-D tissue-like constructs. These techniques are classified as scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques. Cell sheet, as a scaffold-free technique, has attracted research interest in the context of drug discovery and tissue repair, because it provides more predictive data for in vivo testing. It is one of the most promising techniques and has the potential to treat degenerative tissues such as heart, kidneys, and liver. In this paper, we argue the advantages of cell sheets as a scaffold-free approach, compared to other techniques, including scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques such as the classic systemic injection of cell suspension.

Developments in the Application of 1,2,3-Triazoles in Cancer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina I. Slavova ◽  
Lozan T. Todorov ◽  
Nataliya P. Belskaya ◽  
Mauricio A. Palafox ◽  
Irena P. Kostova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of cancer on modern society cannot be emphasized enough in terms of both economic and human costs. Cancer treatments are known, unfortunately, for their side effects – frequently numerous and severe. Drug resistance is another issue medical professionals have to tackle when dealing with neoplastic illnesses. Cancer rates are rising worldwide due to various factors - low-quality nutrition, air and water pollution, tobacco use, etc. For those and many other reasons, drug discovery in the field of oncology is a top priority in modern medical science. Objective: To present the reader with the latest in cancer drug discovery with regard to 1,2,3-triazole- containing molecules in a clear, concise way so as to make the present review a useful tool for researchers. Methods: Available information present on the role of 1,2,3-triazoles in cancer treatment was collected. Data was collected from scientific literature, as well as from patents. Results: A vast number of triazole-containing molecules with antiproliferative properties have been proposed, synthesized and tested for anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. The substances vary greatly when considering molecular structure, proposed mechanisms of action and affected cancer cell types. Conclusion: Triazole-containing molecules with anticancer activity are being widely synthesized and extensively tested. They vary significantly in terms of both structure and mechanism of action. The methods for their preparation and administration are well established and with proven reproducibility. These facts suggest that triazoles may play an important role in the discovery of novel antiproliferative medications with improved effectiveness and safety profile.

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