scholarly journals The prevalence of psychiatric comorbid disorders among children with specific learning disorders: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Sameeh Khodeir ◽  
Safaa Refaat El-Sady ◽  
Huda Abd El-Razek Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Main Body ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Specific Learning

Abstract Background Understanding comorbidity of psychiatric disorders with specific learning disorders (SLD) is important because the presence of any additional disorder to the learning disability may affect the severity and prognosis of the SLD symptoms and requires specific treatments and interventions. Main body of the abstract The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among children with SLD between 6 and 18 years. English studies published between 2013 and 2018 were located through searches of PubMed and ScienceDirect. In this review, only 5 articles met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk of the bias assessment tool. The prevalence of ADHD and anxiety disorder was reported in 4 studies. Prevalence of conduct disorder (CD) and depression was reported by 3 studies, and 2 studies reported the prevalence of oppositional defined disorders (ODD). Although this review included a small number of studies that used a diversity of methods to diagnose psychiatric disorders, the results of the prevalence rates were homogenous. Short conclusion The included studies reported that ADHD had the highest prevalence rate among children with SLD followed by anxiety and depressive disorders. Both CD and ODD were the least prevalent and are linked to the existence of ADHD. Further worldwide future studies are needed to estimate the prevalence rate of such psychiatric disorders among children with SLD, taking into consideration the use of agreed assessment methods for diagnosing the psychiatric disorders and the SLD.

scholarly journals Microplastic contamination of salt intended for human consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Danopoulos ◽  
Lauren Jenner ◽  
Maureen Twiddy ◽  
Jeanette M. Rotchell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Potential Human Health

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging contaminant ubiquitous in the environment. There is growing concern regarding potential human health effects, a major human exposure route being dietary uptake. We have undertaken a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis to identify all relevant research on MP contamination of salt intended for human consumption. Three thousand nine hundred and nineteen papers were identified, with ten fitting the inclusion criteria. A search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science, from launch date to September 2020, was conducted. MP contamination of salt varied significantly between four origins, sea salt 0–1674 MPs/kg, lake salt 8–462 MPs/kg, rock and well salt 0–204 MPs/kg. The majority of samples were found to be contaminated by MPs. Corresponding potential human exposures are estimated to be 0–6110 MPs per year (for all origins), confirming salt as a carrier of MPs. A bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used to appraise the quality of the studies, with studies demonstrating moderate to low RoB. These results suggest that a series of recurring issues need to be addressed in future research regarding sampling, analysis and reporting to improve confidence in research findings.

scholarly journals Valuing the impact of health and social care programs using social return on investment analysis: how have academics advanced the methodology? A systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e029789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Louise Hutchinson ◽  
Angela Berndt ◽  
Deborah Forsythe ◽  
Susan Gilbert-Hunt ◽  
Stacey George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Return On Investment ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo identify how social return on investment (SROI) analysis—traditionally used by business consultants—has been interpreted, used and innovated by academics in the health and social care sector and to assess the quality of peer-reviewed SROI studies in this sector.DesignSystematic review.SettingsCommunity and residential settings.ParticipantsA wide range of demographic groups and age groups.ResultsThe following databases were searched: Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Econlit, Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Emerald, Social Care Online and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Limited uptake of SROI methodology by academics was found in the health and social care sector. From 868 papers screened, 8 studies met the criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Study quality was found to be highly variable, ranging from 38% to 90% based on scores from a purpose-designed quality assessment tool. In general, relatively high consistency and clarity was observed in the reporting of the research question, reasons for using this methodology and justifying the need for the study. However, weaknesses were observed in other areas including justifying stakeholders, reporting sample sizes, undertaking sensitivity analysis and reporting unexpected or negative outcomes. Most papers cited links to additional materials to aid in reporting. There was little evidence that academics had innovated or advanced the methodology beyond that outlined in a much-cited SROI guide.ConclusionAcademics have thus far been slow to adopt SROI methodology in the evaluation of health and social care interventions, and there is little evidence of innovation and development of the methodology. The word count requirements of peer-reviewed journals may make it difficult for authors to be fully transparent about the details of their studies, potentially impacting the quality of reporting in those studies published in these journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018080195.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of trauma centers verification: Protocol for a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Batomen ◽  
Lynne Moore ◽  
Mabel Carabali ◽  
Pier-Alexandre Tardif ◽  
Howard Champion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The implementation of trauma systems in many high-income countries over the last 50 years has led to important reductions in injury mortality and disability in many healthcare jurisdictions. Injury organizations including the American College of Surgeons and the Trauma Association of Canada as well as the World Health Organization provide consensus-based recommendations on resources and processes for optimal injury care. Many hospitals treating trauma patients seek verification to demonstrate that they meet these recommendations. This process may be labeled differently across jurisdictions. In Canada for example, it is called accreditation, but it has the same objective and very similar modalities. The objective of the study described in this protocol is to systematically review evidence on the effectiveness of trauma center verification for improving clinical processes and patient outcomes in injury care. Methods We will perform a systematic review of studies evaluating the association between trauma center verification and hospital mortality (primary outcome), as well as morbidity, resource utilization, and processes of care (secondary outcomes). We will search CINAHL, EMBASE, HealthStar, MEDLINE, and ProQuest databases, as well as key injury organization websites for gray literature. We will assess the methodological quality of studies using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) assessment tool. We are planning to conduct a meta-analysis if feasible based on the number of included studies and their heterogeneity. We will evaluate the quality of cumulative evidence and strength of recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group methodology. Discussion This review will provide a synthesis of the body of evidence on trauma center verification effectiveness. Results could reinforce current verification modalities and may suggest ways to optimize them. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at an international clinical conference. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018107083.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Acupuncture for Treating Opioid Use Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhihan Chen ◽  
Yitong Wang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Jin Xie ◽  
Yulan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Registration Number

Objectives. To assess the efficacy of acupuncture in treating opioid use disorder (OUD). Design. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Clinicaltrials.gov, and who.int/trialsearch were searched from inception to 23 December 2017. The methodological quality of selected studies and the quality of evidence for outcomes were assessed, respectively, by the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and the GRADE approach. Statistical analyses were conducted by RevMan 5.3. Results. A total of nine studies involving 1063 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed that acupuncture could be more beneficial than no treatment/sham acupuncture in terms of changes in craving for opioid (MD -2.18, 95% CI -3.10 to -1.26), insomnia (MD 2.31, 95% CI 1.97 to 2.65), and depression (SMD -1.50, 95% CI -1.85 to -1.15). In addition, these findings showed that, compared to sham electroacupuncture (EA), EA had differences in alleviating symptoms of craving (SMD -0.50, 95% CI -0.94 to -0.05) and depression (SMD -1.07, 95% CI -1.88 to -0.25) and compared to sham transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TEAS), TEAS had differences in alleviating symptoms of insomnia (MD 2.31, 95% CI 1.97 to 2.65) and anxiety (MD -1.26, 95% CI -1.60 to -0.92) compared to no treatment/sham TEAS. Conclusions. Acupuncture could be effective in treating OUD. Moreover, EA could effectively alleviate symptoms of craving for opioid and depression, and TEAS could be beneficial in improving symptoms of insomnia and anxiety. Nevertheless, the conclusions were limited due to the low-quality and small number of included studies. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42018085063.

scholarly journals The association between self-efficacy and self-care in essential hypertension: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Clara Jun Hui Tan ◽  
Prawira Oka ◽  
Hajira Dambha-Miller ◽  
Ngiap Chuan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
Medium Quality

Abstract Background The successful management of hypertension requires sustained engagement in self-care behaviour such as adhering to medication regimens and diet. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory suggests that self-efficacy is a major determinant of engagement in self-care behaviour. Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their capacity to execute behaviours necessary to produce specific performance attainments. This systematic review of observational studies aims to summarise and evaluate the quality of evidence available to support the association between self-efficacy and engagement in self-care behaviour in hypertension. Methods Searches were performed of the Pubmed, MEDLINE, CINAHL and OpenSIGLE databases from database inception to January 2020. Reference lists and individual journals were also hand searched. Observational studies in English quantifying self-efficacy and self-care behaviour in hypertensive adults were included. The quality of included articles was assessed with the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for observational studies. Results The literature search identified 102 studies, of which 22 met the inclusion criteria for full-text review. There were 21 studies which reported that higher self-efficacy was associated with engagement in self-care behaviours including medication adherence (n = 9), physical activity (n = 2) and dietary changes (n = 1). Of these, 12 studies were rated as ‘good’ on the quality assessment tool and 10 were ‘fair’. A common limitation in these studies was a lack of objectivity due to their reliance on self-reporting of engagement in self-care behaviour. Conclusion Our review suggests an association between self-efficacy and self-care. However, the evidence supporting this association is of low to medium quality and is limited by heterogeneity. Our findings suggest the need for further well-designed interventional studies to investigate this association.

scholarly journals Weight Management in Young Adults: Systematic Review of Electronic Health Intervention Components and Outcomes (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Jade Willmott ◽  
Bo Pang ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele ◽  
Abi Badejo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
What Works ◽  
Ehealth Intervention

BACKGROUND Young adulthood is a vulnerable period for unhealthy lifestyle adoption and excess weight gain. Scant attention has been focused on developing and evaluating effective weight gain prevention strategies for this age group. Electronic health (eHealth) offers potential as a cost-effective means of delivering convenient, individually-tailored, and contextually-meaningful interventions at scale. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this systematic review was to locate and synthesize the evidence on eHealth weight management interventions targeting young adults, with a particular focus on (eHealth) intervention components and outcomes. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search strategy was executed across the following electronic databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMBASE, Emerald, Education Resources Information Center, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Ovid, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Furthermore, 2 reviewers independently assessed records for eligibility: peer-reviewed, published in English, and report evaluations of eHealth weight management interventions targeting healthy young adults (aged 18-35 years). Data were then extracted from studies that met the criteria for inclusion. The methodological quality of studies was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. A comprehensive narrative evidence synthesis was then completed. RESULTS Out of the 1301 studies assessed for eligibility, 24 met the criteria for inclusion. According to the EPHPP quality assessment tool, overall, 19 studies were as rated weak, 5 as moderate, and none as strong. The narrative synthesis of intervention outcomes found 8 studies reported positive weight-related outcomes, 4 reported mixed outcomes, and 12 did not report any significant changes in weight-related outcomes. The narrative synthesis of (eHealth) intervention components led to 3 levels of classification. A total of 14 studies were classified as Web-based, 3 as mobile-based, and 7 as multicomponent interventions. Following the narrative synthesis, 5 key strategies were thematically identified: self-regulation (goal setting and self-monitoring), tailored or personalized feedback, contact with an interventionist, social support, and behavioral prompts (nudges and reminders) and booster messages. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the limited evidence base for eHealth weight management interventions targeting young adults. The complex nature of weight management presents an ongoing challenge for interventionists to identify what works, for whom, how, and when. The quality of the evidence in this review was generally assessed as weak; however, assessment tools such as the EPHPP are principally concerned with what should be and this is seldom equivalent to what works. Thus, while sampling, study design and retention rates will remain key determining factors of reliability and validity, further research attention directed toward the development of guiding tools for community trials is warranted.

scholarly journals Interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born moderate to late preterm: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Josephine Agyeman-Duah ◽  
Stephen Kennedy ◽  
Frances O'Brien ◽  
Giancarlo Natalucci
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Prematurity (birth before 37+0 weeks’ gestation) is associated with wide-ranging neurodevelopmental impairment. Prognosis among moderate to late (32+0 to <37+0  weeks’ gestation) preterm infants (MLPT) is better compared to their counterparts born very preterm (<32+0  weeks’ gestation). However the risk of developmental impairment among MLPT, who make up about 84% of all preterm infants, is 2-3 times higher when compared to infants born at term. Early interventions have aimed to improve outcomes in preterm infants generally, but there are limited data on their need and effect in MLPT specifically. Prioritising research, long-term follow-up and early interventions targeted at ameliorating the impact of preterm birth among MLPT is required. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of the type of early childhood interventions (from birth until 4 years of age) offered to  MLPT children and to evaluate their impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes (cognitive, neurobehavioural and motor) as assessed in these children during childhood (until 18 years of age). Methods and analysis: A systematic literature search in Web of Science, Medline Ovid, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE will be conducted. Data on MLPT children receiving developmental interventions until the age of 4 years will be evaluated. Interventions may involve parents or primary caregivers. Primary outcomes are cognitive, neurobehavioural and motor development as measured from birth until the age of 18 years. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool will be used to evaluate the methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included in the review and will be graded as low, high  or unclear risk of bias. The quality of non-RCTs will be evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The quality of evidence for each outcome will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Approach. Publication and reporting bias will be assessed using Egger’s test and funnel plots respectively.

scholarly journals Small/kiddie Cigarette Packaging Size and Its Impact on Smoking: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halizah Mat Rifin ◽  
Miaw Yn Jane Ling ◽  
Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes ◽  
Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽  
Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Smoking Urge ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Item Quality ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background:Kiddie/small packs contain less than 20 cigarette sticks in a pack.Kiddie packs were introduced by the tobacco industry to support moderation and encourage quit smoking among heavy smokers although this may in turn encourage underage smoking. Smaller packs may suggest lower costs and this may increase affordability among the younger generation. This concern has causedmany countries to ban the sale of single cigarette sticks or kiddie packs. Hence, a systematic review was conducted to identify the impact of kiddie packs on smoking as compared to regular cigarette packaging in the general population.Methods:A database search was conductedin PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Scopus up to31stJanuary 2020. Other sources namely Google Scholar, as well as Journal of Substance Use and Tobacco Control were also searched.The results were analysed qualitatively, under four groups: initiation of smoking;urge /tendency to buy cigarettes; prevalence of smoking and attempt to reduce cigarette consumption. The methodological quality of all articles that were includedwas determined using a validated 16-item quality assessment tool (QATSDD). The literature search identified 2253 articles, of which20articles had met theinclusion criteria. Discussion:Articles that we reviewed had some evidence that kiddie packs increase the urge/tendency to buy cigarettes and also increase the attempt to reduce cigarette consumption. However, we found no evidence on theimpact of kiddie packs on the initiation of smoking and the prevalence of smoking. The average quality score for all papers was 34.1%.Given the diverse study settings of the articles and despite the challenges of the methodological quality of some papers, this review will provideevidence that kiddie packs increase urge/tendency to buy cigarettes and also increase the attempt to reduce cigarette consumption. However, since most studies were of low quality, further high-quality studies are needed to come to a firm conclusion of the impact of kiddie packs on smoking.Systematic review registration: PROSPEROCRD42018102325

scholarly journals Real-time fMRI neurofeedback training as a neurorehabilitation approach on depressive disorders: A systematic review of randomized control trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Gonzalez Mendez ◽  
Ranganatha Sitaram ◽  
Jeffrey A. Stanley ◽  
Julio Rodino Clement
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders are a group of neuropsychiatric disorders that cause significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning. In the last decade, Brain-Computer Interfaces based-neurofeedback training appears as an innovative therapy for this condition and other neuropsychiatric disorders, allowing to volitionally self-regulate brain activity and behavior. Up to date, non-invasive neurofeedback training have been built on different techniques, including EEG, NIRS and fMRI. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical application of fMRI neurofeedback training and its efficacy on treating depressive disorders. As a secondary objective, we intend to extract additional information on the neurofeedback training technique, in order to provide recommendations for future research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The systematic review complies with the PRISMA guidelines and it was submitted to PROSPERO registration. We will only include randomized control trials assessing participants with a depressive disorder. The intervention of interest is real-time fMRI neurofeedback training, the comparison of interest will be placebo neurofeedback, another active non-neurofeedback control or no treatment. The primary outcome will be effects on behavior (symptomatology/disease severity reduction). The secondary outcomes will assess quality of life, acceptability and adverse effects. Finally, we will evaluate other outcomes regarding brain MRI metrics (BOLD activation/connectivity), cognitive tasks performance, and physiology measures. At least two reviewers will independently select studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias. If methodologically possible, for primary and secondary outcomes, a meta-analysis will be performed and the data will be presented in summary tables of results using the GRADE approach. STRENGTH AND LIMITATIONS: As the number of studies on neurofeedback is increasing every year, and better quality of evidence is available, this systematic review, will include only randomized control trials. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review assessing randomized control trials on fMRI neurofeedback training as a neurorehabilitation approach on depressive disorders. The main limitation of this systematic review might arise from the low number of extant RCTs.

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